scholarly journals Assessment of Sal Seedlings and Herbaceous Flora in the Khairbar Plantation of Sarguja Forest Division, Chhattisgarh

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 330-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Sinha ◽  
M Jhariya ◽  
D Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Forest Division ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Herb Species

In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the growth performance of sal seedlings and also assess the diversity of herbaceous flora in the Khairbar plantation of Sarguja forest division during the year 2013-14. Study reveals that there are prominent variations in the height of the seedlings in Khairbar plantation. The root shoot ratio of seedlings ranged between 0.31 to 0.74. The total height of seedlings ranged from 24.00 to 90.00 cm. The girth of individual seedling ranged between 4.00 and 12.00 cm. The number of branches per seedling ranged between 4.00-17.00. The average collar diameter of sal seedling was 1.96 cm and the sturdiness ranged from 15.09-42.86. Total of 27 herbaceous species comprising 15 families were encountered in the study area. The total density of the herb species was 776000 individuals ha-1 and the maximum density was recorded for Mellilotus alba (64000 individuals ha-1), while minimum for Achyranthus aspera, Malvastrum coromandelicum and Rumex dentatus (12000 individuals ha-1 for each). The Shannon index (H’) of herbaceous species was 4.606, Simpson index (Cd) was 0.045, Species richness (d) was 1.917 and Equitability (e) was 1.397, respectively. It was observed that the growth performance of sal seedling in the Khairbar plantation site is quiet slow as compared to the other tropical species. It may also be due to the higher population of the herbaceous species. The herbaceous species compete with the sal species for the sharing of the resources for the growth and development. Micro climate and management aspects are the major concern for the good growth performance of the species in plantation sites.

scholarly journals Dietary purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) promotes the growth performance of broilers by modulation of gut microbiota

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Wang ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Fengchun Ye ◽  
Hongbo Tang ◽  
Yanpeng Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dietary Treatments

AbstractPurslane is a widespread wild vegetable with both medicinal and edible properties. It is highly appreciated for its high nutritional value and is also considered as a high-quality feed resource for livestock and poultry. In this study, Sanhuang broilers were used to investigate the effect of feeding purslane diets on the growth performance in broilers and their gut microbiota. A total of 48 birds with good growth and uniform weight were selected and randomly allocated to four treatment groups A (control), B, C and D. Dietary treatments were fed with basal diet without purslane and diets containing 1%, 2% and 3% purslane. The 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR and sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform to analyze the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in the four sets of samples. The results showed that dietary inclusion of 2% and 3% purslane could significantly improve the growth performance and reduce the feed conversion ratio. Microbial diversity analysis indicated that the composition of gut microbiota of Sanhuang broilers mainly included Gallibacterium, Bacteroides and Escherichia-Shigella, etc. As the content of purslane was increased, the abundance of Lactobacillus increased significantly, and Escherichia-Shigella decreased. LEfSe analysis revealed that Bacteroides_caecigallinarum, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillales and Firmicutes had significant differences compared with the control group. PICRUSt analysis revealed bacteria mainly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism pathway due to the additon of purslane in the diet. These results suggest that the addition of purslane to feed could increase the abundance of Lactobacillus in intestine, modulate the environment of gut microbiota and promote the metabolism of carbohydrates to improve its growth performance. This study indicates that the effect of purslane on the growth-promoting performance of broilers might depend on its modulation on gut microbiota, so as to provide a certain scientific basis for the application of purslane in the feed industry.

scholarly journals Benthic microalgae community response to flooding in a tropical salt flat

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. M. Masuda ◽  
A. Enrich-Prast
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Microbial Mat ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Salt Flat ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Abstract This research evaluated the effect of flooding on the microphytobenthos community structure in a microbial mat from a tropical salt flat. Field samples were collected during four consecutive days: on the first three days the salt flat was dry, on the fourth day it was flooded by rain. In order to evaluate the community maintained in flood conditions, samples from this area were collected and kept in the laboratory for 10 days with sea water. The results of total abundance of microphytobenthos varied from 4.2 × 108 to 2.9 × 109 organisms L–1, total density increased one order of magnitude under the effect of water for both situations of precipitation in the salt flat and in experimental conditions, an increase due to the high abundance of Microcoleus spp. Shannon index (H’) was higher during the desiccation period. Our data suggest that changes in the abundance of organisms were due to the effect of water. The dominance of the most abundant taxa remained the same under conditions of desiccation and influence of water, and there is probably a consortium of microorganisms in the microbial mat that helps to maintain these dominances.

scholarly journals Effect of Aqueous Neem Leaf Extracts in Controlling Fusarium Wilt, Soil Physicochemical Properties and Growth Performance of Banana (Musa spp.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12335
Author(s):  
Ung Yi ◽  
Sakimin Siti Zaharah ◽  
Siti Izera Ismail ◽  
Mohamed Hanafi Musa
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Neem leaf extracts (NLEs) have frequently been used to inhibit plant diseases and for the development of bio-fertilizer, leading to the commercial exploitation of this tree. However, previous studies have indicated contradictory outcomes when NLE was used as an antifungal disease treatment and bio-fertilizer applied through the soil on several crops, including banana. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to examine the physicochemical properties of soil, the growth performance of crops, and the severity of diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum (Foc) on Cavendish bananas treated with aqueous NLE. Banana plants associated with the fungus were significantly affected by high disease severity and symptoms index (external leaves and internal rhizome), a high infection percentage of Fusarium wilt (%), dropping off of leaves as well as rotting of the root. Meanwhile, it was observed that the application of extract significantly improved the crop height, stem diameter, root size and distribution (root surface area, root diameter, and root volume), root–shoot ratio, as well as the soil physicochemical properties (CEC, N, p, K, Ca, and Mg), which enhanced resistance to Fusarium wilt diseases. We conclude that the application of NLE solution promotes better growth of Cavendish banana plants, soil physicochemical properties, and resistance to Fusarium wilt infection.

scholarly journals Year-to-year crop shifts promote weed diversity in tropical permanent rainfed cultivation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Neyret ◽  
Anneke de Rouw ◽  
Nathalie Colbach ◽  
Henri Robain ◽  
Bounsamay Soulileuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Species Number ◽  
List Type ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
Young Tree ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Density And Biomass

AbstractIn the past decades, the expansion and modernisation of agriculture in the mountainous areas of Southeast Asia has had severe impacts on biodiversity, as the once species-rich forests were turned into homogeneous fields receiving ample external inputs. A common feature of permanent cropping with annual crops is the frequent change of crop choice, depending on market opportunities or other motives. However, the precise effect of crop shifts on weeds in tropical areas is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the short-term effect of crop sequences on the diversity of weed communities in smallholder fields in Northern Thailand. Crop choices were upland rice, maize, fallow and young tree plantations with or without intercrop. We counted the number of crop shifts and the number of crops involved during a 3-years period preceding weed sampling. We showed that the number of crop shifts did not affect weed density and biomass. However, herbaceous species number and diversity (measured as Shannon index) increased by 36% and 46% respectively, while herbaceous species dominance decreased by 38%, in fields with yearly crop shifts compared to fields with no shifts in the previous three years. The effect of a particular crop on diversity, or the effect of intercropping with young trees, was weaker. It was likely due to the more variable resources (especially light) in fields with two crop shifts, allowing species with different niches to co-exist. Crop type and frequent crop shifts did not affect shrub and tree species number, diversity or dominance. Some species were strongly associated with fields with no crop shift in the sequence (e.g. the tree Antidesma velutinosum) or to fields with two crop shifts in the sequence (e.g. the herb Centella asiatica, the C4 grass Digitaria radicosa). Overall, this study showed that in this agronomical system, maintaining yearly crop shifts does not significantly affect weed abundance, but supports in-field plant species diversity, which is likely to impact the services provisioned by tropical mountainous agro-ecosystemsHighlightsFrequent crop shifts in a crop sequence increased weed richness and diversity.Crop shifts had a stronger effect on weed richness and diversity than the current crop.The number of crop shifts did not affect weed biomass and density.Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Salinity-induced changes in the morphology, physiology, and anatomy of seeds and seedlings of smooth narra (Pterocarpus indicus Willd. f. indicus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARJORIE M. MANIPOL ◽  
CRUSTY E. TINIO ◽  
LERMA SJ. MALDIA ◽  
Marilyn S. Combalicer
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Abstract. Manipol MM, Tinio CE, Maldia LSJ, Combalicer MS. 2020. Salinity-induced changes in the morphology, physiology, and anatomy of seeds and seedlings of smooth narra (Pterocarpus indicus Willd. f. indicus). Biodiversitas 21: 5146-5154. Pterocarpus indicus Willd. forma indicus is a commonly planted species for reforestation in the Philippines regardless of the area’s condition. Since the species could survive in areas even with harsh conditions, it was hypothesized that the species may also thrive in areas having substantial amount of salt, especially during its early growth. This study assessed the morphological, physiological, and anatomical responses of seeds and seedlings of P. indicus Willd. f. indicus (Fabaceae), a native species in the Philippines to varying salt (NaCl) concentrations (0-300 mM). Based on the results, P. indicus f. indicus grew significantly in terms of height, number of leaves, leaf area, root collar diameter (RCD), root nodules, and root-shoot ratio in the control and at 100 mM NaCl. On the other hand, the growth of the species was suppressed at 300 mM NaCl. The physiological characteristics (germination, survival, and photosynthetic rates) were also high in the control compared to the NaCl treatments. As for the seed anatomical characteristics, the radicle cells remained undamaged, with high cell number and longer cells in the control, but showed damaged and reduced cell number and length at 300 mM NaCl. This indicates that P. indicus f. indicus can only tolerate moderate saline soil conditions. Hence, this result needs to be considered in reforestation efforts of the country using this species.

scholarly journals Growth performance and resistance to ground late frosts of Fagus sylvatica L. plantation treated with a brassinosteroid compound

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Gallo Josef ◽  
Baláš Martin ◽  
Linda Rostislav ◽  
Kuneš Ivan
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Height Range ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

We measured the initial growth performance of a young plantation of European beech treated with a brassinosteroid compound prior to planting and compared it with a control treatment: we assessed heights, root collar diameters and mortality rate during the period 2012–2015. The trees showed posterior damage by ground frost after a substantial late frost event on the night of 4–5 May 2014. Therefore, we evaluated the post-stress vitality of trees, subsequent height increment from spring to August, and the height range of the damage.<br />Mean height, root collar diameter, and mortality rate did not show any significantly better performance in the brassinosteroid treatment over the control treatment. Neither did the application treatment have a significant positive effect on the resistance of beech to late frosts. The severe frost damage was most intense at 30 cm above ground, and rapidly declined with increased height.

scholarly journals Provenance Variation on Early Survival Rate and Growth Performance ofOxytenanthera abyssinica(A. Rich.) Munro Seedlings at Green House: An Indigenous Lowland Bamboo Species in Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tinsae Bahru ◽  
Berhane Kidane ◽  
Yigardu Mulatu
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Provenance Variation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Green House ◽  
Multipurpose Species ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Early Survival

Background. Lowland Bamboo (O. abyssinica) is an indigenous multipurpose species in Ethiopia and endemic to Africa.Aims. The present study was aimed at investigating provenance variation on early survival rate and growth performance ofO. abyssinicaseedlings so as to obtain suitable provenance for production of high quality seedlings.Methods. Seeds were collected from Pawe and Sherkole districts. Following raise of seedlings data on survival count, culm height, root collar diameter (RCD), number of leaves, and biomass were recorded.Results. Pawe provenance had slightly higher survival rate (91%). Except seedlings RCD, rhizomes length, and roots fresh and dry weights, higher mean values of other morphological parameters were recorded in Sherkole provenance. Biomass of leaves and culms was higher in Shekole provenance, while root biomass was exceeded by the Pawe provenance. However, significant variations (P<0.05) between provenances were observed in RCD, rhizomes length, weight of fresh culms, and fresh and dry root system. Seedlings growth parameters (height and RCD) were positively and significantly correlated with Biomass variables and hence could be considered as better evaluation criteria for seedling quality at green house.Conclusion. Sherkole provenance should be considered for raisingO. abyssinicaseedlings at green house.

The effect of soil on the growth performance of tropical species with contrasting distributions

Oikos ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 1453-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Brenes-Arguedas ◽  
Marcos Ríos ◽  
Gonzalo Rivas-Torres ◽  
Cecilia Blundo ◽  
Phyllis D. Coley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Tropical Species

scholarly journals Effect of environmental regulated water temperature variations on survival, growth performance and haematology of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus

Our Nature ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Johnny O. Ogunji ◽  
Jude Awoke
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin

A 56 day study was carried out to evaluate effect of temperature changes on survival, growth performance and haematology of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed housefly maggot meal (magmeal) diet. Ninety (90) Clarias gariepinus fingerlings, (initial mean weight 4.33±0.03g) were subjected to different environmental regulated temperature conditions in three locations (laboratory, outdoor, greenhouse). The observed average temperature was 26.53±0.01°C, 26.06±0.01°C and 31.52±0.00°C for laboratory, outdoor, greenhouse, respectively. Ten fingerlings stocked per experimental tank were fed in triplicates at 5% body weight in two portions per day. It was observed that different water temperatures affected fish growth. All experimental fish in the greenhouse died after 8 days of exposure. This happened around 14.00 hrs when water temperature reached 40°C. There was no significant difference (P<0.5) in final weight, weight gain, food conversion ratio and standard growth rate among the fish reared in the laboratory (26.53°C) and outside tanks (26.06°C), respectively. The initial carcass crude protein (Cp) value was 58.97%. At the end of the experiment fish reared in the laboratory had a crude protein value of 63.97±0.06% Cp and those reared outdoor (26.06°C) had 71.28±0.00% Cp. No significant difference in values of packed cell volume; white blood cell; haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was found between fish reared in laboratory (26.53°C) and outside (26.06°C). However, the red blood cell (RBC); mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume showed significant difference (P>0.05). The result confirms that Clarias gariepinus fingerlings reared at a mean temperature of 26°C (within the recorded optimal temperature range for good growth) performed well. Clarias gariepinus fingerlings are not able to survive when water temperature reaches to 40oC.

scholarly journals The potency of plankton as natural food for hard-lipped barb larvae (Osteochilus hasselti C.V.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niken Tunjung Murti Pratiwi ◽  
. Winarlin ◽  
Yuki Hana Eka Frandy ◽  
Aliati Iswantari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Aquatic Organism ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Nutrient Source

<p>Plankton is aquatic organism that can be utilized as natural food. Hard-lipped barb is one of herbivorous fish that most of its life using plankton as its food source. Growing phytoplankton in pond can be conducted by providing nutrient source, such as fertilizing.  In this study, we examined the growth of hard-lipped barb larvae related to the existence of natural food in different fertilized ponds.  Four types of fertilizer were applied i.e. 100% organic fertilizer (PO), mixing of 85% organic and 15% inorganic fertilizer (PCa), mixing of 60% organic and 40% inorganic fertilizer, and 100% inorganic fertilizer (PA). Hard-lipped barb larvae were put into ponds after fertilizing process. Plankton was observed in ponds and larval intestines (Index of Preponderance and Ivlev Index). The growth of hard-lipped barb larvae was also observed. The result showed that larvae tend to utilize phytoplankton from the class of Bacillariophyceae and zooplankton in the early of its life. Utilizing plankton with those compositions as natural food in the early period generates a good growth performance.  The best performance of growth was shown by larvae in PA treatment which utilized most on zooplankton in the early period.</p> <p>Key words: fertilizer, natural food,<em> </em>hard-lipped barb<em>, </em>plankton</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Plankton merupakan organisme akuatik yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber pakan alami. Ikan nilem merupakan salah satu jenis ikan herbivora yang hampir sepanjang hidupnya memanfaatkan plankton sebagai sumber makanannya. Cara untuk menumbuhkan fitoplankton di kolam adalah dengan menyediakan sumber nutrien, di antaranya melalui pemupukan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari tingkat pertumbuhan larva ikan nilem berkaitan dengan keberadaan pakan alami yang ditumbuhkan pada media dengan jenis pupuk berbeda. Dalam penelitian ini diterapkan empat jenis pupuk berbeda, yaitu 100% pupuk organik (PO), campuran 85% pupuk organik dan 15% pupuk anorganik (PCa), campuran 60% pupuk organik dan 40% pupuk anorganik, dan 100% pupuk anorganik (PA).  Larva ikan nilem ditebar di kolam setelah proses pemupukan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap keberadaan plankton di kolam dan di usus (Indeks <em>Preponderance</em> dan Ivlev).  Di samping itu juga dilakukan pengamatan pertumbuhan larva.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa fitoplankton dari kelas Bacillariophyceae dan zooplankton banyak dimanfaatkan oleh larva di awal hidupnya.  Pemanfaatan plankton dengan komposisi tersebut sebagai pakan alami di awal masa pemeliharaan menghasilkan pertumbuhan yang baik.  Larva dengan pertumbuhan yang paling baik ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan PA yang memanfaatkan zooplankton lebih besar di awal masa pemeliharaan.</p> <p>Kata kunci: ikan nilem, pakan alami, plankton, pupuk</p>

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