scholarly journals Assessment of the Quality of Water in Sulaimaniyah City, Kurdistan Region– Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-791
Author(s):  
Faisal A Salih ◽  
Nasih Othman ◽  
Faridon Muhidin ◽  
Attallah Kasem
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
City Water ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
The City

Good drinking water quality is essential for the well being of all population. The object of this study was to assess the quality of drinking water in the city of Sulaimaniyah in Iraqi Kurdistan. A total of 2342 water samples from various sources providing water to the city collected during 2014 were analyzed for physiochemical and biological parameters using standard methods. Fifty percent of the samples were from, Dukan project after treatment, 26% from Dukan project before treatment, 8% from Sarchinar, 6% from city storage tanks and networks and 10% were brought by citizens from various sources.The total hardness of the city water at source after treatment was 186.3 (95% CI 179.6, 192.8), TDS was 150.6 (95% CI 149.5, 151.7), and PH was 7.74(95% CI 7.36, 8.12). The total hardness, TDS, turbidity and Calcium were considerably higher in Sarchinar than Dukan (231 vs. 161, 242 vs. 147, 2.7 vs. 1.8 and 72.9 vs. 44.5 mg/l respectively), while Sodium and Potassium were higher in Dukan than Sarchinar (3.4 vs. 1.4 and 1.4 vs. 0.08 mg/l respectively). Samples from the two supply lines from filtrated Dukan water project were compared in relation to physic-chemical characteristics and there were no significant differences in any of the parameters except PH, TDS and turbidity which were different. TDS of Dukan 1 project was slightly higher than Dukan 2 (148.9 vs. 145.9 respectively). Similarly turbidity of Dukan 1 was twice that of Dukan 2 (2.4 vs. 1.2). Overall, the parameter values were within standard ranges except Cl1- which was 19.8 (Iraqi standard 10 ppm) and dissolved oxygen which was 9 ppm (Iraqi standard 7-8 ppm). Microbiological results showed that 973 of the samples (91%) had an MPN of zero, 61 (5.7%) had an MPN of 2.2 and 35 (3.3%) had a higher MPN. The mean chlorination level for all samples was 1.12 (SD 0.44) .We can conclude that both Sarchinar and Dukan waters are acceptable for drinking purposes according to the parameters evaluated. We recommend to include monitoring heavy metals like Hg, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, Ag in the future; to consolidate the existing reporting system and to included samples from household tap water for analysis.

scholarly journals PUBLIC ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN THE CITY OF NORILSK

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
N. V. Karmanovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
Industrial Region ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The City ◽  
Concentration Of Impurities

According to UN estimates, the shortage of safe drinking water can become one of the most acute and pressing problems. The specificity of this problem for Russia is not a shortage of water resources, but their pollution and ongoing degradation of water bodies. The quality of water is understood as the totality of its properties associated with the nature and concentration of impurities in the water. Water analysis is the only tool for monitoring its condition and properties. During the experiment, a team of researchers took samples of drinking water from the water supply network in various districts of the Norilsk industrial region, studied the dependence of the quality characteristics of water on the location and sampling method. Based on the findings, conclusions on the quality of drinking water were drawn. During the experiment, the authors found that in terms of organoleptic indicators, drinking water in all areas of the NIR meets the requirements of Sanitary Rules and Regulations and GOST. Taking samples at three control points of the Norilsk industrial region, it has been proven that the water is soft and its salt content is mainly due to the presence of hardness salts. Having made the necessary analyses, the authors found that the presence of microorganisms in the water supply network of the NIR is not significant, the permanganate oxidisability indicator does not exceed the requirements of Sanitary Rules and Regulations.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water Sources in Calabar Municipality, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
B. E. Agbo ◽  
A. V. Ogar ◽  
U. L. Akpan ◽  
C. I. Mboto
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Mean

This study evaluated the physico-chemical and the bacteriological quality of five different sources of drinking water in Calabar metropolis, Nigeria, to give a fair geographical representative of the town and to contribute to our understanding of the quality of drinking water in the metropolis. The physico-chemical characteristics such as pH, temperature, turbidity, conductivity, colour, Iron, dissolved oxygen, Calcium, Magnesium, alkalinity, total hardness, Manganese, Sulphate, Chloride, Phosphate, Sodium, Zinc, Copper, total dissolved solid, Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia, Ammonium and Potassium were determined following the procedures prescribed by American Public Health Association Standard Method. The bacteriological analysis was carried out using the standard microbiological standard for analysis of water for total and faecal coliform count. The mean temperature of the evaluated waters ranged from 23.03°C-29.3°C, mean pH ranged from 4.37-6.76, while turbidity had a mean range of 0.16 NTU-4.13 NTU. Conductivity ranged between 39.29 µs/cm - 120.7 µs/cm, dissolved oxygen with 13.30 mg/L - 4.19 mg/L, total dissolved solids ranged from 72.4 mg/L -23.5 mg/L, while the mean for iron concentration ranged from 0.12 mg/L - 0.99 mg/L. Similarly, the mean for total hardness was 34.2 mg/L - 17.1 mg/L and 7.93 mg/L - 6.71 mg/L for total alkalinity. Others includes Manganese (0.88 mg/L - 0.02 mg/L), Magnesium (16.5 mg/L - 9.9 mg/L), Calcium (9.77 mg/L - 7.20 mg/L, Nitrate (14.6 mg/L - 3.66 mg/L), Nitrite (0.076 mg/L -0.009 mg/L), Ammonia (0.89 mg/L - 0.25 mg/L), Ammonium (0.52 mg/L - 0.013 mg/L), Zinc (1.01 mg/L - 0.34 mg/L), Chloride (5.73 mg/L - 0.364 mg/L), Fluoride (0.76 mg/L - 0.277 mg/L), Copper (0.61 mg/L - 0.18 mg/L), Sodium (2.73 mg/L - 0.180 mg/L), potassium (5.73 mg/L - 2.0 mg/L), Sulphate (14.8 mg/L - 3.69 mg/L and Phosphate with 4.8 mg/L - 3.69 mg/L. The total coliform count for bottled water ranged between 2.00 cfu/100 mL – 19.00 cfu/100 mL, the total coliform range for sachet water were 6.00 cfu/100 mL and 15.00 cfu/100 mL and no faecal coliform was detected. Public water had no growth at all, the stream and borehole bacteriological analysis ranged from 27x101 cfu/ mL - 55x101 cfu/mL and 12 cfu/100 mL - 33 cfu/100 mL for total coliform respectively. Faecal coliform ranged from 15x101 cfu/ mL - 52x101 cfu/ mL for stream and 9.00 cfu100/ mL – 16.00 cfu/100 mL for borehole. A total of seven (7) different bacteria species were isolated from the sampled drinking water sources. These included Proteus spp., Streptococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., E.coli, Chromobacter spp., Salmonella spp. and Enterococcus spp. This study reveals a high level of poor quality sources of water in the metropolis and makes need for urgent health intervention.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL INDICATORS OF THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER OF THE CITY OF TYUMEN

2018 ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
A. V. Dvoinikova ◽  
I. A. Yagovtseva
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Water Disposal ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The City

Currently, the hydrosphere is facing serious anthropogenic impact which prevents water from self-purification. The imperfection of technological processes, outdated water disposal communi-cations, inadequate amounts of chemicals for water treatment are the main problems of poor quality of drinking water. In the laboratory of ecological and industrial safety of Industrial University of Tyumen physical and chemical parameters of tap water in different areas of Tyumen have been studied and measures have been proposed to improve the quality of drinking water.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Health-Related Hazardous Events in the Drinking Water Supply System from Source to Tap in Gaza Strip, Palestine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samer Abuzerr ◽  
Mahdi Hadi ◽  
Kate Zinszer ◽  
Simin Nasseri ◽  
Masud Yunesian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Chlorine Residual ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Gaza Strip

Background. The traditional approach in the management of the quality drinking water, and relying on end-product testing, has proven ineffective in protecting public health. Therefore, the transition to a systematic approach in drinking water supply systems management from the source to the consumer tap was taken as a water safety plan (WSP). Objective. The study aims to investigate the health-related hazardous events in order to decide on the best risk-reduction strategies in the supply of drinking water in the Gaza strip. Methods. A semiquantitative matrix method for risk assessment was applied. Also, chlorine residual, electrical conductivity, and nitrate concentration further tested in 109 water wells, 109 small-scale water desalination plants, 197 tanker trucks, and 384 households distributed over five governorates of the Gaza strip. Results. The mean of the measured chlorine residual values was less than the recommended national and international limits (0.2–1 mg/liter). The mean of electrical conductivity at catchment points and household municipal water taps was 2165.1 μS·cm−1 and 2000 μS·cm−1, respectively. Furthermore, zero percent of water samples met the recommended criteria, indicating that the groundwater in the Gaza strip is nonpotable. Only 12.8% and 8.8% of water samples met the permissible levels at catchment areas and municipal water at household, respectively, indicating sever health impacts on the public. Moreover, the most hazardous events were related to high levels of groundwater salinity, the low level of disinfection, the effect of electricity outages on the efficiency of the desalination process, and leakage of water from the tanker truck tank reservoirs. Therefore, urgent interventions are required to improve the quality of water and to mitigate the possible health effects. Conclusion. The prioritization of hazardous events that are proportional to the degree of their attributed risk could help guide in making the right risk-reduction decisions. Urgent interventions are required to improve the quality of water and to mitigate the possible health effects.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Groundwater Pollution of M’nasra and Sfafaa zones (Gharb, Morocco) by Nitrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Najib El Khodrani ◽  
Serine Omrania ◽  
Abdrrahim Nouayti ◽  
Abdelmajid Zouahri ◽  
Ahmed Douaik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Groundwater Pollution ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
The City

The quality of water resources in Morocco is degraded by pollution from agriculture, industry and urbanization. In this work we have realized a comparative study of two groundwater pollution zones: M’nasra (Kenitra) and Sfafaa (Sidi Slimane). In general, the results of this study showed that most water wells are strongly mineralized as the conductivity far exceeds the standard of drinking water. Sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration is between 33.9 and 1184.6 mg / l and shows some of the wells are loaded with salts. The pH is generally basic in all wells. Pollution by nitrates two regions showed that the ground water is strongly affected M’nasra zone terms of the permeability of the soil of the city. The concentration of nitrate can reach high values compared to the results obtained on the ground water at Sfafaa zone whose nitrate concentrations around 20 mg/l. Further pollution of groundwater in the two regions of the shows values of organic matters that go far beyond the standards of drinking.

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION OF MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION OF CYFLFENAMID IN WATER OF HOUSEHOLDS-DRINKING AND CULTURAL-DOMESTIC APPOINTMENTS RESERVOIRS

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
P.V. Stavnichenko ◽  
А.М. Antonenko ◽  
T.I. Zinchenko ◽  
S.M. Tkachenko ◽  
V.G. Bardov
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Maximum Allowable Concentration ◽  
Active Reaction ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Logical Sequence ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Consumption

Relevance. Water is one of the most important elements of the biosphere on the quality of which largely depends on human health. The quality of water in surface water bodies is one of the decisive factors in the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population. Objective of our study was a scientific substantiation of the maximum allowable concentration of cyflufenamid in water of households-drinking and cultural-domestic appointments reservoirs. Materials and methods. We conducted a laboratory hygienic experiment using organoleptic, sanitary-chemical, sanitary-microbiological methods of analysis. The data obtained in the experiment were processed by the methods of variation statistics. Results. The investigated solutions with different cyflufenamid concentrations had high transparency (>30 cm), their colority did not differ significantly from the control tap water. The influence of cyflufenamid on the intensity of the process of biochemical oxygen consumption, changes in the number of saprophytic microflora, the dynamics of mineralization of nitrogen-containing substances, the level of dissolved oxygen in water and the changes in the active reaction of the medium (pH) at its concentrations from 0,005 to 0,5 mg/dm3 were studied. It was noted that the process of mineralization of organic substances in water in the presence of cyflufenamid had a logical sequence of stages. The process of mineralization ended until the 30th day of observation. Conclusion. The maximum allowable concentration of cyflufenamid in water households-drinking and cultural-domestic appointments reservoirs has been established at the level of 0,005 mg/ m3 according to general sanitary limiting index.

scholarly journals Optimisation Du Choix De La Zone Du Pompage Des Eaux De Barrage Bab Louta (Taza, Maroc)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Mohamed Achmit ◽  
Ghita Sbai ◽  
Abdelouahad Aouniti ◽  
Mohammed Loukili
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Deep Profile ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Sources

In Morocco, the quality of water gathered in dams is deteriorating considerably due to different sources of pollution. One of the consequences of this situation is the presence of nutrients , particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, in the water. This, however, indicates an advanced state of eutrophisation of waters. This phenomenon causes an imbalance in the ecosystem with an anarchic development of seaweeds and an intense consumption of oxygen at the bottom of lakes. The present study aims to present the results of the optimization of the choice of the pumping area of the waters of the BAB LOUTA dam in TAZA region, Morocco. This dam is the dam that provides the city of TAZA with drinking water. The results of physico-chemical analyses (dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity, Manganese, pH, and the temperature) were taken according to a vertical deep profile for a duration that spreads from March 2016 to March 2017.

scholarly journals Methodological Approach to Development of the Eco-Passport of the City Water Body Using the Example of the Water Area of Tambov

2021 ◽  
pp. 056-063
Author(s):  
I. V. Yakunina ◽  
O. S. Filimonova ◽  
E. V. Malysheva ◽  
E. Yu. Yakunina
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
City Water ◽  
The City

The structure and content of the ecological passport of a city water body is proposed on the example of the Laskovsky quarry in the city of Tambov. Experimental studies have been carried out to assess the water quality of an urban water body; a recreational assessment of the coastal zone and an assessment of the recreational suitability of the reservoir has been carried out. Measures are proposed to preserve the ecological well-being of the reservoir.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Quality of Water from Chuho Springs, Kisoro District, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
Gerald Nkurunziza ◽  
◽  
Timothy Omara ◽  
Caroline Kiwanuka Nakiguli ◽  
Paul Mukasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

In the current study, water from Chuho springs used as the main water source in Kisoro municipality, Uganda were assessed for their suitability as drinking water. The temperature, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total hardness, total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, phosphates, iron, copper, arsenic, chlorides and the fluoride content of the water samples were determined. Not all the parameters met World Health Organizations’ guidelines for drinking water. Temperature, dissolved oxygen and fluorides were outside the recommended limits of 15 ℃, 10-12 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L, respectively. Further studies should assess the microbiological and sanitary profile of the springs.

scholarly journals The Assessment of the Quality of Water from Regional Drinking Water Company Giri Menang as a Source of Community drinking water in the City of Mataram

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Baiq Desi Hariani ◽  
Agil Al Idrus ◽  
Khairuddin Khairuddin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Status ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
The City

Drinking water is one of the most essential human needs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of the water quality of PDAM Giri Menang as a source of drinking water for people in Mataram area based on physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters. Determination of sample points was done by random sampling method while the samples were collected by using composite sample method. The results of analysis of physical parameters (odor, taste, turbidity, temperature, color), chemical parameters (dissolved oxygen, iron (Fe), pH, hardness, manganese (Mn), chloride (Cl-), ammonia (NH4), cadmium (Cd) ), and the microbiological parameters including the presence of E.coli bacteria and total Coliform in the five PDAM water samples generally meet the quality of drinking water since the value of each parameter was below the maksimum value set by Permenkes RI No. 492/2010 concerning requirements quality of drinking water. The conclusion from the research results shows that the status of water quality PDAM Giri Menang as a source of drinking water for people in Mataram area is very good according to the mandatory parameters, namely physics, chemistry, and microbiology that are in accordance with the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Health Regulation No. 492/2010 regarding the requirements for the quality of drinking water. The results of this study can be used as a reference for further research with more samples and parameters, especially in the city of Mataram and West Lombok.

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