scholarly journals A Ideologia do jeitinho brasileiro

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Wachelke ◽  
Alyssa Magalhães Prado
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Selfish Behavior ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Problem Resolution ◽  
Rule Breaking ◽  
Creative Problem ◽  
Resolution Strategy

RESUMO: O jeitinho é concebido na literatura acadêmica como uma estratégia criativa de resolução de problemas que pode implicar desrespeito a regras e corrupção, ou como um tipo de corrupção calcado em relações interpessoais. Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão crítica de contribuições acadêmicas sobre o jeitinho nas ciências humanas, indicando a diversidade do conceito e pontos de convergência. Em seguida, defende-se a tese de que o jeitinho opera como uma ideologia que promove a deterioração da identidade social brasileira e oculta a capacidade diferencial das classes sociais de extraírem benefícios a partir da prática, concluindo-se que a ideologia do jeitinho estimula comportamentos egoístas e exacerba desigualdades sociais.Palavras-chave: jeitinho; ideologia; corrupção; identidade; comportamento antiético.ABSTRACT: Jeitinho is conceived in the academic literature as a creative problem resolution strategy that may imply rule breaking and corruption, or as a kind of corruption based on interpersonal relationships. This work presents a critical review of academic contributions on jeitinho from the human sciences, signaling the diversity of concepts and points of convergence. Then, we support the thesis that jeitinho operates as an ideology that promotes the deterioration of Brazilian social identity and conceals the different capacity of social classes to extract benefits from the practice, concluding that the jeitinho ideology stimulates selfish behavior and exacerbates social inequalities.Keywords: jeitinho; ideology; corruption; identity; unethical behavior.

Overqualification in the Workplace

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berrin Erdogan ◽  
Talya N. Bauer ◽  
Aysegul Karaeminogullari
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
Employment History ◽  
Job Requirements ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Health And Well Being

Overqualification is a unique form of underemployment, which represents a state where the employee’s education, abilities, knowledge, skills, and/or experience exceed job requirements and are not utilized on the job. Potentially conflicting upsides and downsides of the phenomenon created a fruitful area of research. Thus, overqualification has received considerable attention both in the academic literature and popular press. Studies of overqualification have emerged and received considerable attention in diverse fields including education, labor economics, sociology, management, and psychology. Antecedents of overqualification include individual differences (such as education, personality, age, sex, job search attitudes, previous work experience, past employment history, vocational training and type of degree, migrant status) and environmental dynamics (such as the characteristics of the position held and size of the job market). Commonly studied outcomes of overqualification include job attitudes, performance, proactive behaviors and creativity, counterproductive behaviors, absenteeism and turnover, health and well-being, feelings of job security, wages, upward mobility, and interpersonal relationships. While the effects are typically negative, there are some contemporary findings revealing the potential benefits of overqualified employees for their work groups and organizations. In recent years, boundary conditions shaping the effects of overqualification have also been identified, including factors such as empowerment and autonomy, overqualification of referent others, personality traits, and values. Despite the accumulating research on this topic, many unanswered questions remain. Conflicting findings on some of the outcomes and limited empirical investigations of theory-based mediators promise a lively and still developing field of research.

Silently withdrawn or retracted preprints related to Covid-19 are a scholarly threat and a potential public health risk: theoretical arguments and suggested recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Publication Ethics ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Academic Paper ◽  
The Media ◽  
Potential Public Health

PurposeThousands of preprints related to Covid-19 have effused into the academic literature. Even though these are not peer-reviewed documents and have not been vetted by medical or other experts, several have been cited, while others have been widely promoted by the media. While many preprints eventually find their way into the published literature, usually through integrated publishing streams, there is a small body of preprints that have been opaquely withdrawn/retracted, without suitable reasons, leaving only a vestigial or skeletal record online. Others have, quite literally, vanished. This paper aims to examine some of those cases.Design/methodology/approachFor peer-reviewed literature, a retracted academic paper is usually water-marked with “RETRACTED” across each page of the document, as recommended by ethical bodies such as the Committee on Publication Ethics, which represents thousands of journals and publishers. Curiously, even though pro-preprint groups claim that preprints are an integral part of the publication process and a scholarly instrument, there are no strict, detailed or established ethical guidelines for preprints on most preprint servers. This paper identifies select withdrawn/retracted preprints and emphasizes that the opaque removal of preprints from the scholarly record may constitute unscholarly, possibly even predatory or unethical, behavior.FindingsStrict ethical guidelines are urgently needed for preprints, and preprint authors, in the case of misconduct, should face the same procedure and consequences as standard peer-reviewed academic literature.Originality/valueJournals and publishers that have silently retracted or withdrawn preprints should reinstate them, as for regular retracted literature, except for highly exceptional cases.

Pastoral Psychology

1988 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
Louis Marteau
Keyword(s):  
Pastoral Care ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Pastoral Psychology ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Human Personality ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Historical Resources

Pastoral psychology is the application of modern psychology to the ancient ministry of the pastoral care exercised within the various Christian Churches. Today this care draws on insights and techniques from three primary sources: contemporary understandings of human personality and interpersonal relationships from the human sciences (especially psychology); therapeutic methods from one or more of the current counselling and psychotherapeutic approaches; and biblical, theological, and historical resources from the Judeo-Christian heritage.

The Appalachian Social Context and the Battering of Women

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Judith Fiene
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Battered Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Family Roles ◽  
The Social ◽  
Context Variables ◽  
Abuse Of Women

The battering of women by their partners is a common occurrence around the world, and historical records show that the abuse of women has been legitimized through the ages. In the United States battering is to be found in all social classes and across all racial and ethnic groups. However, the experience of being battered is structured by the social contexts in which it occurs. How victims perceive and react to that experience is influenced by their social world, the construction of gender and family roles and interpersonal relationships in their community, and the response of local people to male violence. These social context variables must be considered as well in programs designed to assist battered women and to prevent further battering.

scholarly journals A Reflection on a Trio of Dimensions in Flipped Classroom in Higher Education—A Literature-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Hao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
Structural Innovation

It has been a decade since flipped classroom as a structural innovation in teaching and learning is widely applied and researched in higher education across the world. This study aims to explore, based on academic literature, three core dimensions to understanding flipped classroom: pedagogies as the inner core, interpersonal relationships as the bond and complexities involved in its evaluation.

scholarly journals Conspicuous corruption: Evidence at a country level

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0255970
Author(s):  
Panos Louridas ◽  
Diomidis Spinellis
Keyword(s):  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Luxury Brands ◽  
Large Country ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Positional Goods ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Rule Breaking ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Level Scale

People can exhibit their status by the consumption of particular goods or experiential purchases; this is known as “conspicuous consumption”; the practice is widespread and explains the market characteristics of a whole class of goods, Veblen goods, demand for which increase in tandem with their price. The value of such positional goods lies in their distribution among the population—the rarer they are, the more desirable they become. At the same time, higher income, often associated with higher status, has been studied in its relation to unethical behavior. Here we present research that shows how a particular Veblen good, illicit behavior, and wealth, combine to produce the display of illegality as a status symbol. We gathered evidence at a large, country-level, scale of a particular form of consumption of an illictly acquired good for status purposes. We show that in Greece, a developed middle-income country, where authorities cannot issue custom vanity license plates, people acquire distinguishing plate numbers that act as vanity plate surrogates. We found that such license plates are more common in cars with bigger engines and in luxury brands, and are therefore associated with higher value vehicles. This cannot be explained under the lawful procedures for allocating license plates and must therefore be the result of illegal activities, such as graft. This suggests a pattern of “conspicuous corruption”, where individuals break the law and use their gains as status symbols, knowing that the symbols hint at rule-breaking, as long as the unlawful practice cannot be incontestably established.

scholarly journals Tangible or Intangible Ways to Happiness? Consumption Related Values Among Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
János Debreceni
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Depth Interviews

In recent years a large number of consumer studies focused on happiness, subjective well-being and satisfaction with life in relationship with material or experimental consumption. Most of the studies applied statistically reliable validated scales and measurements involving large numbers of respondents. There are only a few study that aimed to answer the meaning of happiness or satisfaction and their reflections in adolescents’ consumer behaviour at the present time. Due to the less represented academic literature in that area and the controversial results of our previous quantitative research on materialism we decided to conduct a qualitative research to investigate the meaning of happiness among adolescents in Hungary. Our non-representative sample consisted of students from 5 different high schools in 3 cities including Budapest. Respondents took part in in-depth interviews, peer interviews and worked in groups in associative experiments. According to our findings physical goods and material consumption contribute less to the individuals’ sense of happiness and interpersonal relationships are more appreciated. The teenagers of our sample showed signs of material emptiness, since possessing things were unimportant for them Family, stable personal relationships and safety were very significant among their values. Their consumer behaviour was influenced mostly by the need for gaining experiences rather than need for acquisition and possession of tangible goods.

Tools & Resources: Impairment and Disability Web Sites

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Outpatient Psychotherapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Cluster B Personality Disorders ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Personality disorders are enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate markedly from those expected by the individual's culture; these inflexible and pervasive patterns reflect issues with cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning and impulse control, and lead to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fourth Edition, defines two specific personality disorders, in addition to an eleventh condition, Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. Cluster A personality disorders include paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personalities; of these, Paranoid Personality Disorder probably is most common in the legal arena. Cluster B personality disorders include antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality. Such people may suffer from frantic efforts to avoid perceived abandonment, patterns of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships, an identity disturbance, and impulsivity. Legal issues that involve individuals with cluster B personality disorders often involve determination of causation of the person's problems, assessment of claims of harassment, and assessment of the person's fitness for employment. Cluster C personality disorders include avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality. Two case histories illustrate some of the complexities of assessing impairment in workers with personality disorders, including drug abuse, hospitalizations, and inpatient and outpatient psychotherapy.

Undesirable Effects of Goal Setting on Perceived Fairness, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Keith
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. The positive effects of goal setting on motivation and performance are among the most established findings of industrial–organizational psychology. Accordingly, goal setting is a common management technique. Lately, however, potential negative effects of goal-setting, for example, on unethical behavior, are increasingly being discussed. This research replicates and extends a laboratory experiment conducted in the United States. In one of three goal conditions (do-your-best goals, consistently high goals, increasingly high goals), 101 participants worked on a search task in five rounds. Half of them (transparency yes/no) were informed at the outset about goal development. We did not find the expected effects on unethical behavior but medium-to-large effects on subjective variables: Perceived fairness of goals and goal commitment were least favorable in the increasing-goal condition, particularly in later goal rounds. Results indicate that when designing goal-setting interventions, organizations may consider potential undesirable long-term effects.

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