scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization Of K2O/MCM-41 (Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41) from Lapindo Mud by Sonochemical Method for Transesterification Catalyst of Used Cooking Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1847-1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Putra Wijaya ◽  
Wega Trisunaryanti ◽  
Triyono Kumala Dewi ◽  
Muhammad Fajar Marsuki
Keyword(s):  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Acetate Salt ◽  
Hexagonal Shape ◽  
Transesterification Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Lifetime ◽  
Mcm 41

The MCM-41 was synthesized using CTAB as a template by sonochemical method and it was charactherized by FTIR, XRD, SAA, and TEM. Potasium was impregnated onto the MCM-41 using potasium acetate salt solution with K+ concentrations of 0.80, 1.35, 1.86, and 2.49 wt.% to produce K2O(1), K2O(2), K2O(3), and K2O(4)/MCM-41 catalysts. The K2O/MCM-41 catalysts were then analyzed by ICP and SAA. Acitivity of catalysts were evaluated in the transesterification reaction of used cooking oil at 50, 60, and 70°C for 120 min. The MCM-41 showed characteristic peaks of 2θ = 2-3°C. The TEM images showed ordered pore distribution with a hexagonal shape. The MCM-41 and K2O(4)/MCM-41 have spesific surface area of 1282.33 and 225.81 m2/g with pore diameter of 30.49 and 30.12 Å, respectively. The highest conversion of methyl ester was obtained from transesterification at 70°C using K2O(4)/MCM-41 catalyst and it was about 79.80 wt.%. Catalyst lifetime of the K2O(4)/MCM-41 for transesterification of used cooking oil was about 15.41 h.

scholarly journals Transesterification of Used Cooking Oil Using CaO/MCM-41 Catalyst Synthesized from Lapindo Mud by Sonochemical Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Putra Mahardika ◽  
Wega Trisunaryanti ◽  
Triyono Triyono ◽  
Dwi Putra Wijaya ◽  
Kumala Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Hexagonal Shape ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometer ◽  
Mcm 41

Transesterification of waste cooking oil using CaO/MCM-41 synthesized from Lapindo mud by the sonochemical method has been carried out. The silica was separated from the mud by reflux method used 6 M HCl and 6 M NaOH. The silica was then analyzed by XRF and used as silica source in MCM-41 synthesis. The synthesis of MCM-41 was carried out by the sonochemical method, then analyzed by XRD, Infrared spectrophotometer, SAA, and TEM. The Ca2+ was loaded onto the MCM-41 by wet impregnation method under variation of the Ca2+ content of 1.15, 1.29, 2.39, and 3.25 wt.% analyzed by ICP produced CaO(1), CaO(2), CaO(3), and CaO(4)/MCM-41 catalyst respectively. Transesterification of used cooking oil was carried out under methanol/oil mole ratio of 15/1, the temperature of 55, 65 and 75 °C, and catalyst/oil weight ratio of 5/100, 10/100 and 15/100 for 2 h by reflux method. The XRD analysis of the MCM-41 showed a characteristic peak at 2θ = 2-5°. The MCM-41 has a specific surface area of 1290 m2/g and pore diameter of 3.4 nm. The TEM images of MCM-41 showed ordered pore distribution with a hexagonal shape. The highest conversion of methyl ester was 78.17 wt.% obtained under the reaction conditions at 65 °C and catalyst/oil weight ratio of 15/100 using the CaO(4)/MCM-41. The lifetime CaO(4)/MCM-41 catalyst was 9.8 h.

Synthesis and characterization of coal fly ash supported zinc oxide catalyst for biodiesel production using used cooking oil as feed

2021 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 302-314
Author(s):  
Adeyinka S. Yusuff ◽  
Aman K. Bhonsle ◽  
Jayati Trivedi ◽  
Dinesh P. Bangwal ◽  
Lok P. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil

Chemical Characterization of Used Cooking Oil Foaming Agent as Admixture in Foamed Concrete

InCIEC 2013 ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 191-200
Author(s):  
M. M. A. Hafiz ◽  
A. R. M. Ridzuan ◽  
M. A. Fadzil ◽  
J. Nurliza
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Foamed Concrete

New Lubricant from Used Cooking Oil: Cyclic Ketal of Ethyl 9,10-Dihydroxyoctadecanoate

2017 ◽  
Vol 901 ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan ◽  
Muslih Anwar ◽  
Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Total Base

A new ketal cyclic from ethyl 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate with acetone had been synthesized by reflux and sonochemical method. The synthesis was performed via several steps of reaction, i.e.: transesterification, hydrolysis, oxidation with 1% KMnO4 in basic condition, esterification, and ketalization. The structures of the products were confirmed by FTIR, GC-MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectrometers. Direct transesterification of used cooking oil produced a mixture of ethyl ester in 82.94% yield meanwhile hydrolysis of this mixture gave free fatty acids mixture in 88.46% yield. Hydroxylation reaction of free fatty acids mixture yielded a white powder of 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid in 46.52% yield. Esterification of 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid and ethanol catalyzed by sulfuric acid with reflux condition for 4 hours and sonochemical method, respectively yielded 90% and 93.8% of ethyl 9,10-dihydroxystearate. In the other side, the utilization of KSF montmorillonite as catalyst conducted with reflux gave 52% in yield of ester. Furthermore, the use of acetone in 45 minutes sonochemical method with montmorillonite KSF catalyst gave cyclic ketal (ethyl 8-(2,2-dimethyl-5-octyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)octanoate) as a yellow viscous liquid in 53.30% yield. From physicochemical properties –density, kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, total acid number, total base number and iodine value- gave the conclusion that this novel compound is potential biolubricant candidates to be developed.

The production of biodiesel from used cooking oil; characterization of key fuel properties of ethyl esters and diesel-biodiesel blends

Biofuels ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Nadeem ◽  
Hassnain Mahmood ◽  
Hasan Raza ◽  
Mehwish Batool ◽  
Shazia Naz Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Oil Characterization

scholarly journals Reusability test of Silica - Titania Catalyst on Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil in Various Temperatures

2019 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Fiona Rachma Annisa ◽  
Indang Dewata ◽  
Hary Sanjaya ◽  
Latisma Dj ◽  
Ananda Putra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Tetrahedral Coordination ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Ftir Characterization ◽  
Density Flow

This work has investigated the reusability of silica-titania in various temperatures (50 – 70°C) of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. The reused silica-titania catalyst collected from silica-titania catalyst waste produced from the process of separating the catalyst from biodiesel products from palm oil and used cooking oil at various temperatures. The 1st and 2nd reused SiO2-TiO2 were characterized by DR UV-Vis and the spectra were deconvoluted for calculate the fraction of titanium in tetrahedral coordination. In addition the biodiesel products were characterized using FTIR, and several properties of biodiesel such as density, flow rate and acid value were analyzed in order to get the information about catalytic activity reused SiO2-TiO2. The results show the titanium tetrahedral fraction in reused catalyst (1st) and (2nd) are found to be 24,98% and 24.65%, respectively. The FTIR characterization of biodiesel products and waste cooking oil are almost similar. The analysis of waste cooking oil converted to biodiesel shows an optimum temperature of 50oC that at this temperature the lowest density or highest flow rate gave highest conversion of 47.82% using BCR1 and 39.13% using BCR2.

scholarly journals Catalytic Co-Cracking of Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester and Polystyrene Waste for Gasoline-Rich Biofuel Over Mesoporous Al-MCM-41 Catalyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Arifah Nurfitriyah ◽  
Anas Assari ◽  
Firman Satria Pamungkas ◽  
Ardita Elliyanti ◽  
Ahmad Hawky Darmawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Polystyrene Waste ◽  
Mcm 41

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of “Green Open-Cell Polyurethane Foams” with Reduced Flammability

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kurańska ◽  
Hynek Beneš ◽  
Kamila Sałasińska ◽  
Aleksander Prociak ◽  
Elżbieta Malewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Triethyl Phosphate ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil

This work presents the cell structure and selected properties of polyurethane (PUR) foams, based on two types of hydroxylated used cooking oil and additionally modified with three different flame retardants. Bio-polyols from municipal waste oil with different chemical structures were obtained by transesterification with triethanolamine (UCO_TEA) and diethylene glycol (UCO_DEG). Next, these bio-polyols were used to prepare open-cell polyurethane foams of very low apparent densities for thermal insulation applications. In order to obtain foams with reduced flammability, the PUR systems were modified with different amounts (10–30 parts per hundred polyol by weight—php) of flame retardants: TCPP (tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate), TEP (triethyl phosphate), and DMPP (dimethyl propylphosphonate). The flame retardants caused a decrease of the PUR formulations reactivity. The apparent densities of all the foams were comparable in the range 12–15 kg/m3. The lowest coefficients of thermal conductivity were measured for the open-cell PUR foams modified with DMPP. The lowest values of heat release rate were found for the foams based on the UCO_TEA and UCO_DEG bio-polyols that were modified with 30 php of DMPP.

Synthesis of CaO@CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles and its Application as a Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Used Cooking Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 184-193
Author(s):  
Thutug Rahadiant Primadi ◽  
Fauziatul Fajaroh ◽  
Aman Santoso ◽  
Nazriati ◽  
Endang Ciptawati
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil

Until now, used cooking oil (jelantah) has not been utilized optimally. This study seeks to convert this waste into biodiesel. Used cooking oil usually contains high concentration of free fatty acids which can be converted into methyl esters through trans-esterification by methanol. This effort is in line with the increasing need for renewable energy sources. Because the waste still contains high concentrations of free fatty acids, it is necessary to think about the right process and catalyst in converting it as biodiesel. One heterogeneous catalyst that is thought to excel in biodiesel production is ferrite-based nanocomposites, namely CaO@CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. The advantages of this catalyst are: it has high reactivity, thermal and chemical stability, and can be drawn by magnetic fields. This last property facilitates the catalyst isolation at the end of the process for recycling purposes. The catalytic power is expected to increase through impregnation with alkaline earth metal oxides which have a relatively high basicity, namely CaO. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and to characterize CaO@CoFe2O4, then to study its potential catalytic in biodiesel production from used cooking oil in various weight percent of catalyst. The main steps include: (1) synthesis of CoFe2O4 by coprecipitation; (2) Impregnation of CaO into CoFe2O4 and converted to CaO@CoFe2O4; (3) Characterization of the synthesized material by XRD, BET, and SEM/EDX; (4) application of CaO@CoFe2O4 in biodiesel production from used cooking oil; (5) characterization of biodiesel produced by viscosity measurement, yield and GC-MS analysis results. Based on the results of XRD and SEM/EDX analysis, the CaO@ CoFe2O4 catalyst has been successfully synthesized. Under optimal conditions, the yield of methyl ester produced with the addition of 2% of catalyst was 80.62%.

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