scholarly journals The Utilization of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) as A Mixture of Polyol Sourcein. The Production of Polyurethane Using Toluene Diisocyanate

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Maulida Lubis ◽  
Mara Bangun Harahap ◽  
Iriany Iriany ◽  
Muhammad Hendra S. Ginting ◽  
Iqbal Navissyah Lazuardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Toluene Diisocyanate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
A Value ◽  
Stirring Time

Cooking oil waste that has been disposed could contamine the environment. However, if it is processed well, it can potentially become a raw material of polyurethane. The aim of this study was to determine the best polyurethane on the tensile strength, impact strength, elongation at break, water absorption, characterization of Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and the characterization of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The variables used in this study were ambient process temperature with 440 rpm stirring speed, 1-minute stirring time, the ratio of polyoland WCO was 7:3 (% w/w), and the ratio of Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) and WCO was 1:1; 1:2; 1:3; 1:4 (% w/w). The results obtained from the analysis of the best tensile strength against the polyurethane synthetic was in the 1:1 ratio of mixed variations between oil and TDI with a value of 0.403 MPa. The best impact strength was in the ratio of mixed variations between oil and TDI with 1:4 (% w/w) with a value of 600.975 J/m2. The best elongation at break against polyurethane foam synthetic was in the 1:3 ratio of mixture variations of oil and TDI with a value of 4.506%.

scholarly journals KRITERIA RUMAH MAKAN SUPPLIER MINYAK JELANTAH DALAM RANGKA PERENCANAAN BAHAN BAKU BIODIESEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
D.U.M. Susilo ◽  
Th. Candra Wasis A.S. ◽  
Zakwan .
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
A Value ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
The City

The using of biodiesel as an environmentally friendly fuel has received attention from consumers to producers. So, a lot of research was done on the potential raw material to become biodiesel. One of the raw materials for biodiesel was waste cooking oil. Pontianak City have many sources including waste cooking oil from restaurants. Therefore restaurants in the city of Pontianak might be used as suppliers of waste cooking oil in biodiesel production. This study aims to determine the priority of criteria and sub-criteria for restaurants as suppliers and determine good restaurants as suppliers of used cooking in Pontianak City . Purposive technique sampling using a sample of 61 house dining, interviewed to obtain alternative data suppliers. Expert survey questionnaire contains priority weighting of criteria and supplier criteria, analyzed using AHP ( Analytic Hierarchy Process ). Grouping of restaurants based on alternative supplier values ​​is used to determine good restaurants to be suppliers. The priority criteria for restaurants as consecutive suppliers are experience (0.289), quality (0.279), capacity (0.231), service (0.148) and price (0.053). Sub-criteria priority of restaurants as suppliers in a row is the time span of used cooking oil sold(0.161), length of time used cooking oil (0.155), income (0.129), type of cooking oil (0.107), type of fried food products (0.092), volume of cooking oil (0.090), frying volume (0.085), transaction convenience (0.082), subject to used cooking oil (0.056), used cooking oil price (0.030) and ease of payment (0.013). A value of ≥ 0.325 is a dining value that shows a very better priority as a supplier. The number of restaurants as suppliers is 8 % of the population of restaurants in the city of Pontianak..

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Conductive Plastics Using Cassava Peel Waste and Addition of CuSO4

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Syahrul Humaidi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Thermal Testing ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Thermal Test ◽  
A Value ◽  
Root Starch ◽  
Starch Composition ◽  
Conductive Plastics ◽  
Cassava Peel

This study investigated the characteristics of a conductive plastic based on root starch and CuSO4 filler. The mixture variation was (95:5)%; (90:10)%; (85:15)%; (80:20)% and (75:25)%. Glycerol is used to change the material as desired (plasticizer) which is called a plasticizer. The method used in the manufacture of this material is melt intercalation. Mechanical testing includes tensile strength (tensile strength) and elongation at break. Thermal testing was done using DTA (Differential Thermal Analysis) and material conductivity testing. The characterization results showed that the optimum starch composition: CuSO4 (75:25)% had a conductivity value of 7.3 x 10-2S.m-1, a thermal test value of 410ºC. The optimum tensile strength value occurs in the composition (80:20)% with a value of 4.606 MPa

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Durian Husk Fiber Filled Polylactic Acid Biocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 02007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Chee Lee ◽  
Seong Chun Koay ◽  
Ming Yeng Chan ◽  
Ming Meng Pang ◽  
Pui May Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Polylactic acid (PLA) is biodegradable thermoplastic that made from renewable raw material, but its high cost limited the application. Thus, addition of natural fiber can be effectively reduced the cost of PLA. This research is utilised natural fiber extracted from durian husk to made PLA biocomposites. This paper is focus on the effect of fiber content on tensile and thermal properties of PLA/durian husk fiber (DHF) biocomposites. The results found that the tensile strength and modulus of this biocomposites increased with increase of fiber content, but the strength still lower compared to neat PLA. Then, the elongation at break of biocomposites was expected decreased at higher fiber content. The PLA/DHF biocomposites with 60 phr fiber content exhibited tensile strength of 11 MPa, but it is too brittle yet for any application. The addition of DHF caused an early thermal degradation on PLA biocomposites. Then, the thermal stability of PLA biocomposites was decreased with more fiber content.

scholarly journals Modifikasi Katalis CaO Untuk Produksi Biodiesel Dari Minyak Bekas

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
St. Annisa Gani Rachim ◽  
Indah Raya ◽  
Muhammad Zakir
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Astm D6751

Research about modification of CaO catalyst to produce biodiesel has done. This research aims to know the effectiveness of CaO-ZnCl2 belong to ASTM D6751 to get a yield biodiesel.  Modification of the CaO with ZnCl2 was conducted by impregnation method using methanol and n-hexane. For synthesis biodiesel, methanol is used as solvent and Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) as raw material. Ratio molar of WCO and methanol is 12:1 with 3% CaO-ZnCl2 added.  This reaction is carried out at a temperature of 65oC. the biodiesel is characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) to determine the presence of ester groups formed. The yield percentage of biodiesel produced is 77.94%. The characterization of biodiesel properties consist of acid number is 73.38 mg KOH/g, density is 0.9038 and water content is 0.0053%.

scholarly journals The effect solvent type on natural fiber immersion process on tensile strength of cellulose-based bioplastic

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012062
Author(s):  
A Pranata ◽  
H Nasution ◽  
H Harahap ◽  
A Yustira
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Trifluoroacetic Acid ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
A Value

Abstract Environmental pollution caused by the use of conventional plastics is increasing. This is due to the high use of conventional plastics and the difficulty of being degraded in nature. Several studies continue to be developed to make plastics that are easily degraded in nature, namely bioplastics. Bioplastic is a type of plastic made from renewable materials and can be decomposed in nature with the help of microorganisms. The manufacture of bioplastics is done by dissolving raw materials such as rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, cocoa husks, and tea waste into various solvents, namely trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), N, N-dimethylformamine (DMF), trifluoroacetic acid anhydride (TFAn), and citric acid. The resulting bioplastics were analyzed for tensile strength and elongation at break. The results showed that the use of rice straw as a raw material in the manufacture of bioplastics showed good results where the composition of the high cellulose content of rice straw was 61.8% and the tensile strength that had met SNI was 43 MPa using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as a solvent. However, a good elongation at break was produced by cocoa husks with a value of 28% using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAn) as solvents.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN GLISEROLTERHADAP SIFAT KEKUATAN TARIK DAN PEMANJANGAN SAAT PUTUS BIOPLASTIK DARI PATI UMBI TALAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinaldi Febrianto Sinaga ◽  
Gita Minawarisa Ginting ◽  
M. Hendra S Ginting ◽  
Rosdanelli Hasibuan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Volume Effect ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Starch Solution ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
A Value ◽  
Pea Starch

Bioplastics are a type of plastic made ​​from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable oil, corn starch, pea starch, and microbiota. Starch from tubers of talas (Colocasia esculenta) as a  potential raw material for bioplastics by using glycerol as plastizicer. The purposes of the research are to know effect of adding glycerol to the properties of tensile strength and elongation at break bioplastic from starch taro tubers. In this research, the manufacture of bioplastics using casting methode with variations of starch solution (0,2 w/v, 0,3 w/v, and 0,4 w/v). The next additions to vary the volume of glycerol (1 % v, 2 % v, and 3 % v) and heating temperature  of gelatin formation (60oC, 70oC, and 80oC). The results showed that bioplastics made ​​from taro tuber starch has gelatinization temperature of 70oC. The addition of glycerol volume effect value of tensile strength and elongation at break of bioplastics. Increasing volume of glycerol will decrease tensile strength but increase elongation at break value. The best of bioplastics in this research is a variation of starch bioplastic 0,3 w/v, addition of 1 % v glycerol at a temperature of 70°C with a value of tensile strength is 18,4992 MPa and elongation at break value is 2,1290%.

Evaluation of glass-fiber grafted by epoxide-terminated hyperbranched polymer on the effect of mechanical characterization of epoxy composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuiping Li ◽  
Yanbo Li ◽  
Huajun Zhu ◽  
Qing Lin ◽  
Haijun Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Hyperbranched Polymer ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Percentage Elongation ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Flexural Tests

AbstractIn this study, glass-fiber, grafted by epoxide-terminated hyperbranched polymer (GF-HBPE), was incorporated into epoxy resins for reinforcement purpose. The effects of GF-HBPE content on mechanical properties of the resulting epoxy-based composites, such as tensile strength, percentage elongation at break, flexural strength, and impact strength, were investigated. The experimental results revealed that GF-HBPE substantially outperformed impact resistance in both tensile and flexural tests. For instance, the tensile strength, percentage elongation at break, flexural strength, and impact strength of the epoxy composite with 1 wt% GF-HBPE increase by about 23.6%, 125%, 26%, and 74.5%, respectively, compared to the unmodified epoxy thermoset.

Preparation and Characterization of β-glucosidase Films for Stabilization and Handling in Dry Configurations

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 741-747
Author(s):  
Liguang Zhang ◽  
Yanan Shen ◽  
Wenjing Lu ◽  
Lengqiu Guo ◽  
Min Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Protein Stabilization ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Gelatin Films ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Function ◽  
General Method

Background: Although the stability of proteins is of significance to maintain protein function for therapeutical applications, this remains a challenge. Herein, a general method of preserving protein stability and function was developed using gelatin films. Method: Enzymes immobilized onto films composed of gelatin and Ethylene Glycol (EG) were developed to study their ability to stabilize proteins. As a model functional protein, β-glucosidase was selected. The tensile properties, microstructure, and crystallization behavior of the gelatin films were assessed. Result: Our results indicated that film configurations can preserve the activity of β-glucosidase under rigorous conditions (75% relative humidity and 37°C for 47 days). In both control films and films containing 1.8 % β-glucosidase, tensile strength increased with increased EG content, whilst the elongation at break increased initially, then decreased over time. The presence of β-glucosidase had a negligible influence on tensile strength and elongation at break. Scanning electron-microscopy (SEM) revealed that with increasing EG content or decreasing enzyme concentrations, a denser microstructure was observed. Conclusion: In conclusion, the dry film is a promising candidate to maintain protein stabilization and handling. The configuration is convenient and cheap, and thus applicable to protein storage and transportation processes in the future.

scholarly journals The Structure and Mechanical Properties of Hemp Fibers-Reinforced Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Composites Modified by Electron Beam Irradiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5317
Author(s):  
Rafał Malinowski ◽  
Aneta Raszkowska-Kaczor ◽  
Krzysztof Moraczewski ◽  
Wojciech Głuszewski ◽  
Volodymyr Krasinskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electron Radiation ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Hemp Fibers

The need for the development of new biodegradable materials and modification of the properties the current ones possess has essentially increased in recent years. The aim of this study was the comparison of changes occurring in poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) due to its modification by high-energy electron beam derived from a linear electron accelerator, as well as the addition of natural fibers in the form of cut hemp fibers. Changes to the fibers structure in the obtained composites and the geometrical surface structure of sample fractures with the use of scanning electron microscopy were investigated. Moreover, the mechanical properties were examined, including tensile strength, elongation at break, flexural modulus and impact strength of the modified PCL. It was found that PCL, modified with hemp fibers and/or electron radiation, exhibited enhanced flexural modulus but the elongation at break and impact strength decreased. Depending on the electron radiation dose and the hemp fibers content, tensile strength decreased or increased. It was also found that hemp fibers caused greater changes to the mechanical properties of PCL than electron radiation. The prepared composites exhibited uniform distribution of the dispersed phase in the polymer matrix and adequate adhesion at the interface between the two components.

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