Roadside Spray Control: On-board Monitoring and Recording of Environmental Conditions for the Prevention of Application in Adverse Conditions.

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Needham ◽  
D. L. ◽  
Slaughter ◽  
D. C. ◽  
Giles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Board Monitoring ◽  
Spray Control

scholarly journals Molecular Regulation of Paused Pluripotency in Early Mammalian Embryos and Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera A. van der Weijden ◽  
Aydan Bulut-Karslioglu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Molecular Regulation ◽  
Embryonic Diapause ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Mammalian Embryos

The energetically costly mammalian investment in gestation and lactation requires plentiful nutritional sources and thus links the environmental conditions to reproductive success. Flexibility in adjusting developmental timing enhances chances of survival in adverse conditions. Over 130 mammalian species can reversibly pause early embryonic development by switching to a near dormant state that can be sustained for months, a phenomenon called embryonic diapause. Lineage-specific cells are retained during diapause, and they proliferate and differentiate upon activation. Studying diapause thus reveals principles of pluripotency and dormancy and is not only relevant for development, but also for regeneration and cancer. In this review, we focus on the molecular regulation of diapause in early mammalian embryos and relate it to maintenance of potency in stem cells in vitro. Diapause is established and maintained by active rewiring of the embryonic metabolome, epigenome, and gene expression in communication with maternal tissues. Herein, we particularly discuss factors required at distinct stages of diapause to induce, maintain, and terminate dormancy.

scholarly journals Male bats respond to adverse conditions with larger colonies and increased torpor use during sperm production

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-620
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Hałat ◽  
Dina K. N. Dechmann ◽  
Marcin Zegarek ◽  
Ireneusz Ruczyński
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Colony Size ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Limited Food ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Low Wind Speeds

AbstractChanges in environmental conditions can have strong energetic effects on animals through limited food availability or increased thermoregulatory costs. Especially difficult are periods of increased energy expenditures, such as reproduction. Reproductive female bats from the temperate zone often aggregate in maternity colonies to profit from social thermoregulation to reduce torpor use and buffer the effects of poor conditions. The much rarer male colonies may form for similar reasons during testes development. Male colonies thus allow us to study the influence of environmental conditions on energy budget and colony size, without the confounding effects of parental care. We remotely monitored skin temperature and assessed colony size of male parti-coloured bats Vespertilio murinus during summer, and correlated those variables with environmental conditions and food availability (i.e. insect abundance). As we had hypothesized, we found that colony size increased at colder temperatures, but decreased at low wind speeds. Also as predicted, torpor use was relatively low, however, it did increase slightly during adverse conditions. Male sociality may be an adaptation to adverse environmental conditions during sexual maturation, but the pressure to avoid torpor during spermatogenesis may be lower than in pregnant or lactating females.

scholarly journals Stress Tolerance Effect of Three Different Sub-aerial Cyanobacteria sp. Isolated from Exteriors of Buildings under Adverse Environmental Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2729-2743
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Singh ◽  
Santosh Kumar Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
Extreme Habitats ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

The current interest of scientific study aims at survival mechanisms of the cyanobacteria on the extreme habitats (i.e. building facades and monuments) growing under adverse conditions. The present investigation points towards finding out indigenous which are tolerant of conflicting environmental conditions, such as pH, temperature and calcium carbonate. Three isolates of cyanobacteria Scytonema coactile, Scytonema geitleri and Lyngbya aerugineo–coerulea from a cave, building façade, and temple, Orissa respectively were examined. Tolerance to stress at different pH and temperature were evaluated by quantifying cyanobacteria growth at different time intervals. Tolerance to CaCO3 was studied by subjecting the isolates to the desired concentration 0.0001 – 1% w/v. Each organism was grown for 15 days at 25°C ± 1°C under continuous light intensity (7.5 W/m2) and then harvested, succeeded by SDS gel-electrophoresis protein analysis. Results revealed that three isolated cyanobacteria species from different sub-aerial habitats responded in a specific manner to different stress conditions and to various concentration of CaCO3 concerning protein synthesis. A 30 and 38 kDa protein was overproduced by all isolates under pH and temperature stress, whereas for CaCO3 stress, the protein of 16 and 22 kDa was overproduced by Lyngbya aerugineo–coerulea respectively which concluded that the survival of the isolates under stress conditions depends on specific protein synthesis. Generally, isolates tolerant to different stress may be due to specific protein synthesis for their survival to extreme habitats.

scholarly journals Bio-engineering and Bio-medical Technologies: Role in the Protection of the Protectors

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
G.K. Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Bio Engineering ◽  
Low Pressures

<p>Every country is engaging its armed forces in different terrain and climatic conditions to protectsovereignty and manage internal conflict. During peace / wartime conflicts, the soldiers are subjected toextremeenvironmental conditions.  These extreme, hostile, non-habitable conditions exert a toll on the soldiers’ performance and also pose threat to theirlife. Airmen are prone to be exposed to low pressures, high altitude, and hypoxic conditions. Similarly,a Mariner is exposed to high pressuresand hydro environment. Land soldiers are deployed in various terrain having myriadenvironmental conditions such ashigh temperature in deserts, subzero cold conditions in the high mountains andvarying range of difficulties encountered in forested hilly terrain.In addition to these adverse conditions, soldiers also need to counter theconflicts from neighboring / enemy countries.  It is paramount that, these soldiers are protected from all these adverse extreme environmental conditions. </p>

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Size at Maturity and Maximum Size in Cichlid Populations Corroborates the Gill-Oxygen Limitation Theory (GOLT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
UPALI S. AMARASINGHE ◽  
DANIEL PAULY
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Oxygen Limitation ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Size At Maturity ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

Fish generally mature at a smaller fraction of their maximum sizes than birds and mammals. The farmed tilapia (Family Cichlidae) can tolerate adverse conditions that result in stunting and which also cause the fish to spawn at small size. Such spawning at small size (or ‘early spawning’) is usually perceived as a unique feature of tilapia. The mechanism that explains how stressful environmental conditions tend to reduce the maximum size that fish can reach is very general and should apply to all fish. However, not all fish species are equally hardy, and most fish do not survive in the stunted or dwarf form under stressful environmental conditions. Tilapia, and other cichlids, on the other hand, can handle stressful conditions, if by remaining stunted. The present study shows that tilapia and other cichlids do not spawn ‘earlier’ than other teleosts. Rather, they are exceptionally tolerant of stressful environmental conditions, but with elevated metabolism. By reducing their growth and the maximum size they can reach ‘stunting’, they also reduce the sizes at which their maturity is initiated (‘early spawning’). This corroborates the gill-oxygen limitation theory (GOLT), which identifies spawning as an event rather than a determinant of fish growth.

scholarly journals THE POTENTIAL FOR OVERSOWING; LUCERNE ON STEEPLAND SOILS IN NORTH AND CENTRAL OTAGO

1974 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
D.J. Musgrave ◽  
R.J. Clare ◽  
W.L. Lowther
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Consistent Response ◽  
Semi Arid

A summary of results is given from trials investigating the effect of sowing date, lime, altitude, aspect and seed treatment on the establishment and production of oversown lucerne at various sites in the semi-arid to sub-humid zones of North and Central Otago. , Spring sowings were generally more successful in establishing lucerne than autumn sowings. Early to mid-August sowings appeared more satisfactory on low altitude sunny country, while colder, shady aspect country responded to slightly later sowings. Higher numbers of plants established at the higher altitudes. Lime pelleting and heavy inoculation rates increased lucerne establishment when favourable environmental conditions followed sowing, but did not ensure establishment under adverse conditions. At pH 6.2 to 6.6, there was no consistent response in lucerne establishment to 1200 kg/ha lime, although up to 60% increases in establishment were obtained on some sites. Herbage yields of over 5 t/ha dry matter were recorded on the best plots, at lucerne plant densities in excess of 10 to 20/ms. With present techniques, oversowing of lucerne in this environment is not recommended, except on damper sites, as satisfactory lucerne establishment has not been achieved consistently in trial work.

scholarly journals Conditions during adulthood affect cohort-specific reproductive success in an Arctic-nesting goose population

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitch D. Weegman ◽  
Stuart Bearhop ◽  
Geoff M. Hilton ◽  
Alyn Walsh ◽  
Anthony David Fox
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Anser Albifrons ◽  
Successful Reproduction ◽  
Wintering Areas

Variation in fitness between individuals in populations may be attributed to differing environmental conditions experienced among birth (or hatch) years (i.e., between cohorts). In this study, we tested whether cohort fitness could also be explained by environmental conditions experienced in years post-hatch, using 736 lifelong resighting histories of Greenland white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons flavirostris) marked in their first winter. Specifically, we tested whether variation in age at first successful reproduction, the size of the first successful brood and the proportion of successful breeders by cohort was explained by environmental conditions experienced on breeding areas in west Greenland during hatch year, those in adulthood prior to successful reproduction and those in the year of successful reproduction, using North Atlantic Oscillation indices as proxies for environmental conditions during these periods. Fifty-nine (8%) of all marked birds reproduced successfully (i.e., were observed on wintering areas with young) only once in their lifetime and 15 (2%) reproduced successfully twice or thrice. Variation in age at first successful reproduction was explained by the environmental conditions experienced during adulthood in the years prior to successful reproduction. Birds bred earliest (mean age 4) when environmental conditions were ‘good’ prior to the year of successful reproduction. Conversely, birds successfully reproduced at older ages (mean age 7) if they experienced adverse conditions prior to the year of successful reproduction. Hatch year conditions and an interaction between those experienced prior to and during the year of successful reproduction explained less (marginally significant) variation in age at first successful reproduction. Environmental conditions did not explain variation in the size of the first successful brood or the proportion of successful breeders. These findings show that conditions during adulthood prior to the year of successful reproduction are most important in determining the age at first successful reproduction in Greenland white-fronted geese. Very few birds bred successfully at all (most only once), which suggests that May environmental conditions on breeding areas have cohort effects that influence lifetime (and not just annual) reproductive success.

scholarly journals Personal vitality and its manifestations in difficult life situations and environmental conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 07025
Author(s):  
Elena Tkach ◽  
Aida Simakhina
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Essential Point ◽  
Sense Of Humor ◽  
Positive Adaptation ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Psychological Assistance ◽  
Taking Care

The article is devoted to the comprehension of the problem of manifestation of personal vitality and its manifestations in difficult life situations, presented in the works of various researchers-psychologists. Vitality is seen as the ability to cope with one’s own life, the result of positive adaptation despite adverse conditions and / or dangerous circumstances. Vitality is characterized by a combination of social and intrapsychic processes that allow a person to be healthy in an unfavorable environment. The manifestation of a person’s ability to cope with difficult circumstances, unfavorable life situations is influenced by various factors, including the possibility / impossibility of productive self-expression, sufficient involvement / non-involvement in taking care of oneself and important life processes, searching and finding a solution to the problem of lack of motivation, openness / closeness, awareness / lack of awareness, etc. An essential point in the development of a person’s vitality is the provision of the necessary specially organized psychological assistance aimed at optimizing the client’s self-esteem, developing his assertiveness, sense of humor, flexibility, creativity, motivational-semantic sphere and reflective culture.

Developing a Modified Preservative Efficacy Testing Approach as a Predictive Tool for the Evaluation of Preservative Systems in Liquid Home Care Products Under Variable Test Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne L Hoyt ◽  
Don Bushman ◽  
Nathan Lewis ◽  
Robert Faber
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Global Market ◽  
End User ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Challenge Testing ◽  
And Storage

Abstract How can a formulator have confidence that a preservative system will perform as expected under adverse conditions? Extreme conditions that can lead to the development of “off odors” in the product can be a serious challenge for companies providing home care products in the global market. Formulation and stability testing occur under controlled parameters that simulate limited environmental conditions and microbial challenges are typically performed with a standard inoculum level. While this is an acceptable and dependable process, it does not necessarily assess how well a preservative system can perform under extreme environmental conditions or against unusually high levels of bacterial challenges. This is especially true when formulations are diluted and stored by the end-user. By modifying microbial challenge testing of a liquid dishwashing product to include unexpected dilution schemes, increased microbial assaults, and elevated temperatures, a pattern of preservative efficacy was established. The resulting approach proved to be a useful tool when developing use directions, recommended dilution levels, the overall surfactant system, preservative type, and storage restrictions.

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