Modeling the Effects of Crop Rotation and Tillage on Sugarbeet Yield and Soil Nitrate Using RZWQM2

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-474
Author(s):  
Mohammad J. Anar ◽  
Zhulu Lin ◽  
Liwang Ma ◽  
Amitava Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
List Type ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
N Losses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tillage Operations

HighlightsFour crop growth modules in RZWQM2 were calibrated for four sugarbeet rotation sequences.Sugarbeet following wheat had a slightly higher yield (3% to 6.5%).Moldboard plow increased sugarbeet yield by 1% to 2%.The difference in N losses under different crop rotations and tillage operations was negligible.Abstract. Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) is considered to be one of the most viable alternatives to corn for biofuel production as it may be qualified as the feedstock for advanced biofuels (reducing greenhouse gas emission by 50%) under the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007. Because sugarbeet production is affected by crop rotation and tillage through optimal use of soil water and nutrients, simulation of these effects will help in making proper management decisions. In this study, the CSM-CERES-Beet, CSM-CERES-Maize, CROPSIM-Wheat, and CROPGRO-Soybean models included in the RZWQM2 were calibrated against experimental field data of crop yield, soil water, and soil nitrate from the North Dakota State University Carrington Research Extension Center from 2014 to 2016. The models performed reasonably well in simulating crop yield, soil water, and nitrate (rRMSE = 0.055 to 2.773, d = 0.541 to 0.997). Simulation results identified a non-significant effect of crop rotation on sugarbeet yield, although sugarbeets following wheat resulted in 3% to 6.5% higher yields compared to other crops. Net mineralization and N uptake rates were slightly higher when sugarbeets followed wheat compared to the other crops. Seasonal N and water mass balances also showed lower N and water stresses when sugarbeets followed wheat. The effects of tillage operations on sugarbeet yield were also non-significant. The difference in the N losses to runoff and drainage from the sugarbeet fields under different crop rotations and tillage operations was negligible. As sugarbeet production may be expanded into nontraditional planting areas in the Red River Valley due to potential demand for biofuel production, our findings will help to assess the associated environmental impacts and identify suitable crop rotations and management scenarios in the region. Keywords: Biofuel, Crop rotation, RZWQM2, Sugarbeet, Tillage.

scholarly journals Tillage and crop rotation effects on soil carbon and selected soil physical properties in a Haplic Cambisol in Eastern Cape, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mxolisi Mtyobile ◽  
Lindah Muzangwa ◽  
Pearson Nyari Stephano Mnkeni
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
No Till

The effects of tillage and crop rotation on the soil carbon, the soil bulk density, the porosity and the soil water content were evaluated during the 6<sup>th</sup> season of an on-going field trial at the University of Fort Hare Farm (UFH), South Africa. Two tillage systems; conventional tillage (CT) and no-till and crop rotations; maize (Zea mays L.)-fallow-maize (MFM), maize-fallow-soybean (Glycine max L.) (MFS); maize-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-maize (MWM) and  maize-wheat-soybean (MWS) were evaluated. The field experiment was a 2 × 4 factorial, laid out in a randomised complete design. The crop residues were retained for the no-till plots and incorporated for the CT plots, after each cropping season. No significant effects (P &gt; 0.05) of the tillage and crop rotation on the bulk density were observed. However, the values ranged from 1.32 to1.37 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. Significant interaction effects of the tillage and crop rotation were observed on the soil porosity (P &lt; 0.01) and the soil water content (P &lt; 0.05). The porosity for the MFM and the MWS, was higher under the CT whereas for the MWM and the MWS, it was higher under the no-till. However, the greatest porosity was under the MWS. Whilst the no-till significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) the soil water content compared to the CT; the greatest soil water content was observed when the no-till was combined with the MWM rotations. The soil organic carbon (SOC) was increased more (P &lt; 0.05) by the no-till than the CT, and the MFM consistently had the least SOC compared with the rest of the crop rotations, at all the sampling depths (0–5, 5–10 and 10–20 cm). The soil bulk density negatively correlated with the soil porosity and the soil water content, whereas the porosity positively correlated with the soil water content. The study concluded that the crop rotations, the MWM and the MWS under the no-till coupled with the residue retention improved the soil porosity and the soil water content levels the most.

Modeling With Limited Data: The Influence of Crop Rotation and Management on Weed Communities and Crop Yield Loss

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Canner ◽  
L. J. Wiles ◽  
Robert H. Erskine ◽  
Gregory S. McMaster ◽  
Gale H. Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Crop Yield Loss

Theory and models of crop yield loss from weed competition have led to decision models to help growers choose cost-effective weed management. These models are available for multiple-species weed communities in a single season of several crops. Growers also rely on crop rotation for weed control, yet theory and models of weed population dynamics have not led to similar tools for planning of crop rotations for cost-effective weed management. Obstacles have been the complexity of modeling the dynamics of multiple populations of weed species compared to a single species and lack of data. We developed a method to use limited, readily observed data to simulate population dynamics and crop yield loss of multiple-species weed communities in response to crop rotation, tillage system, and specific weed management tactics. Our method is based on the general theory of density dependence of plant productivity and extensive use of rectangular hyperbolic equations for describing crop yield loss as a function of weed density. Only two density-independent parameters are required for each species to represent differences in seed bank mortality, emergence, and maximum seed production. One equation is used to model crop yield loss and density-dependent weed seed production as a function of crop and weed density, relative time of weed and crop emergence, and differences among species in competitive ability. The model has been parameterized for six crops and 15 weeds, and limited evaluation indicates predictions are accurate enough to highlight potential weed problems and solutions when comparing alternative crop rotations for a field. The model has been incorporated into a decision support tool for whole-farm management so growers in the Central Great Plains of the United States can compare alternative crop rotations and how their choice influences farm income, herbicide use, and control of weeds in their fields.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Conservation Crop Rotation for Water Pollutant Reduction from Agricultural Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 691-704
Author(s):  
Lydia Koropeckyj-Cox ◽  
Reid D. Christianson ◽  
Yongping Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Continuous Corn ◽  
Nitrate N

HighlightsAdjusting nitrogen (N) fertilization rates for corn following legumes can reduce N losses.Including perennial legumes in corn rotations can reduce nitrate-N losses and improve water quality.Crop rotations that include three or more years of legumes can be cost-effective.Corn-soybean was the most cost-effective, with a net benefit in nitrate-N loss reduction compared to continuous corn.Abstract. Legumes included in corn-based crop rotation systems provide a variety of benefits to the subsequent crops and potentially to the environment. This review aims to synthesize available data from the literature on legume N credits and the effects of crop rotations on water quality, as well as to analyze the cost benefits associated with different legume-corn rotation systems. We found that there was much variation in reported values for legume N credits to subsequent corn crops, from both empirical results and recommendations made by U.S. land grant universities. But despite inherent complexity, accounting for this contribution is critical when estimating optimal N fertilizer application rates as part of nutrient management. Results from research on the influence of crop rotations on water quality show that including legumes in corn-based rotation systems generally decreases nitrate-N concentrations in subsurface drainage discharge. Our cost analysis showed that incorporating legumes in cropping systems reduced N fertilizer and pesticide costs compared to conventional cropping systems, i.e., continuous corn and corn-soybean rotations, but extended rotations, such as corn-soybean-alfalfa-alfalfa-alfalfa, are not as profitable as conventional systems in the U.S. Midwest. In comparing continuous corn and corn-soybean rotations, although their impacts on water quality are not significantly different when using overall means from the literature data, corn-soybean rotations are more profitable than continuous corn. When using data from papers that directly compared the two, we found that switching from continuous corn to corn-soybean can provide a benefit of $5 per kg N loss reduction. The cost analysis methods used could be tailored to any location or management scenario with appropriate inputs and serve as a useful tool for assessing cost benefits for other agricultural conservation practices. Legume-corn crop rotations have the potential to be an effective conservation practice with the ultimate goal of improving water quality, and, with further research, these rotations could be made even more effective by integrating them into a multi-practice system. Keywords: Conservation practice, Cost analysis, Crop rotation, Nitrate, Nutrient management, Water quality.

Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽  
Oksana Artyuhova ◽  
Vera Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

NITROGEN CYCLES IN CROP ROTATIONS DIFFERING IN FERTILIZATION

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulius GUŽYS ◽  
Stefanija MISEVIČIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Cereal Crop

The use of nitrogen fertilizer is becoming a global problem; however continuous fertilization with nitrogen ensures large and constant harvests. An 8 year research (2006–2013) was conducted to evaluate the relationships between differently fertilized cultivated plant rotations. The research was conducted in Lipliunai (Lithuania) in the agroecosystem with nitrogen metabolism in fields with deeper carbonaceous soil, i.e. Endocalcari Endohypogleyic Cambisol (CMg-n-w-can). The research area covered three drained plots where crop rotation of differently fertilized cereals and perennial grasses was applied. Samples of soil, water and plants were investigated in the Chemical Analysis Laboratory of the Aleksandras Stulginskis University certified by the Environment Ministry of the Republic of Lithuania. The greatest productivity was found in a crop rotation with higher fertilization (N32-140). In crop rotation with lower fertilization (N24-90) productivity of cereals and perennial grasses (N0-80) was 11–35 % lower. The highest amount of mineral soil nitrogen was found in cereal crop rotation with higher fertilization. It was influenced by fertilization and crop productivity. The lowest Nmin and Ntotal concentrations in drainage water were found in grasses crop rotation. Crop rotations of differently fertilized cereals increased nitrogen concentration in drainage water. Nmin concentration in water depended on crop productivity, quantity of mineral soil nitrogen, fertilization, and nitrogen balance. The lowest nitrogen leaching was found in the crop rotation of grasses. Cereal crop rotation increased nitrogen leaching by 12–42 %. The usage of all crop rotations resulted in a negative nitrogen balance, which essentially depended on fertilization with nitrogen fertilizer.

Assessment of changes in extreme precipitation affecting the degree of soil erosion in crop rotation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Ilinich ◽  
◽  
A.A. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Crop Rotations

the presented research is dedicate to confirming the hypothesis about increase in extreme precipitation of recent decades, affecting the degree of soil erosion in crop rotations.

APPLICATION OF THE INTENSIVE CROP GROWING TECHNOLOGIES IN CROP ROTATION IS THE STABILITY CONDITION OF THE HUMUS CONTENT OF SOIL

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V. А. Shchedrin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Labile Phosphorus

In OOO “Dubovitskoe” which was organized in 2006 as investment project of the AO “Shchelkovo Agrokhim” for 2010 – 2012 three advanced crop rotations have been developed. Before their introduction the grain crops fraction in the cropping system was 62%, then it fell to 49%. At the same time the portion of raw crops increased from 15 to 20%, legumes from 6 to 8%, others (buckwheat, grain maize, etc.) - up to 23%. As of 2017, the crops of leguminous crops have increased noteworthily. There are two predominant soil types here heavy clay loam podzolized chernozem (6615 ha) and grey forest soil (856 ha). Weighted average indicators (as of 2017): humus content in the soils of arable land is 5, 34%; acidity pH is 4.92; labile phosphorus - 111.8 mg / kg soil; exchange potassium - 144 mg / kg soil. The coefficient of the soil fertility in the enterprise (weighted average) is 0.66. This means that maintaining and increasing the soil fertility for arable land of the enterprise is critical task. As a result of the research, it has been established that the technologies introduced in the crop vegetation management (CVS) in the crop rotation conditions ensure high productivity of cultivated crops and stability of humus content in soils as an energy basis and a guarantor of increasing fertility. The indicators of the labile phosphorus Р205 and exchange potassium К20 in the soils depending on the crop rotation vary from a certain decrease to expressed steady growth. Therefore it is necessary to specify seeding rates based on actual data. Sustainable soil acidification in the crop rotations under crop cultivation in OOO “Dubovitskoe” it is the result of the acid feterlizers high rates application, during studying period did not carried out required agromelioration with calcium contenting elements.

Formation of crop rotation as a means of preventing degradation аnd improving soil fertility of the Carpathian region

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
O.J. Kachmar ◽  
O.V. Vavrynovych ◽  
O.L. Dubytsky ◽  
A.O. Dubytska ◽  
M.M. Shcherba
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Rotational Crop

Scientific and methodological approaches to the formation of zonal ecologically safe crop rotations as a basic subsystem of farming in the formation of high, stable productivity of agricultural crops are substantiated, while ensuring the reproduction of soil fertility, increasing the efficiency of fertilizer systems and environmental protection. Various rotational crop rotations for introduction in the conditions of the Carpathian region in farms of different specialization and intensity of production are proposed.

The efficiency of the crop rotations with short rotation with different levels of their saturation of cereals and crops in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
R. Holod ◽  
О. Bilinska ◽  
H. Shubala
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Soil Water Regime ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Green Manure Crops

There were analyzed and disclosed the basic components of arable farming systems and their Meaning, the current state and scientific principles in the context of the further development of field crop cultivation in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe. The purpose of research. To study an effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative and analytical. Results. The results of researches on study of productivity of four-field crop rotations with short rotation depending on their saturation by the grain and tilled cultures, of various use of mineral fertilizers, green manure crops and collateral products which were conducted during 2014-2015 in the stationary experiment of the scientific and technological department of plant growing and arable farming, of the TDSGDS of the IKSGP of NAAN are resulted In the article. The elements of the biologization of farming are the basis of our development of crop rotations with short rotation. The study of the effect of green manure crops and collateral products in four-field crop rotations with a different set of crops on the change of soil fertility and productivity of crop rotations as a whole was carried out to this purpose. According to the results of the research, is provided the information on the effectiveness of improving the field crop rotations with short rotation with varying degrees of saturation by grain and tilled crops, that ensure the production of environmentally friendly products, reducing the cost of grain, improving the quality of marketable products. The study of the effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency showed that an increase in crop rotation productivity is observed in short-rotation crop rotations, if they are saturated by grain crops up to 100%, cereals crops reduction to 50% in crop rotations contributes to a decrease in crop productivity. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the research showed that with the correct construction of short rotational crop rotations, such problems as rational use of nutrients and soil moisture, control of weeds and pests of agricultural crops, improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increased efficiency in the use of fertilizers and equipment, Cheapening of the received agricultural product may be solved.

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