Selection of Effective Herbal Medicines for Parkinson’s Disease Based on the Text Mining of the Classical Korean Medical Literature Donguibogam

Objectives: The prevalence of Parkinson’s disease is on an upward trend along with an increase in the aging population but there is no available treatment that halts the progression of neurodegeneration. This study reports a numerical analysis on Donguibogam and suggests novel herbal drugs, which have never been researched before but found to be deemed effective in this study.Methods: Referring to 71 Korean medicine symptom terms that represent the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, 4170 prescriptions described in Donguibogam were classified into two groups based on whether their main effects were effective for Parkinson’s disease or not. Comparing the two groups, the chi-square test was performed to select statistically significant herbs, while the t-test, Wilcoxon test, and descriptive statistics were performed to determine the appropriate dose.Results: One hundred and twenty-seven prescriptions effective for Parkinson’s disease were identified. The chi-square test determined 17 herbs that are effective for symptomatic treatment. Among the medicinal herbs, the authors suggest Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma, Ephedrae Herba, Aconiti Tuber, Myrrha, Sinomeni Caulis et Rhizoma, and Aconiti Kusnezoffii Tuber as herbal candidates that have never been studied for Parkinson’s disease. Through the statistical tests, it was judged that the mean value of the dose of the entire prescription was the appropriate dose for each herb.Conclusions: Seventeen herbs were selected for Parkinson’s disease and the appropriate daily dose were calculated. Furthermore, this study presented a new process that applies a statistical method to traditional medical literature and preselecting herbs deemed effective for specific diseases.

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Prevalence and Relationship of Rest Tremor and Action Tremor in Parkinson’s Disease

10.1101/2020.11.09.20227850 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Deepak K. Gupta ◽

Massimo Marano ◽

Cole Zweber ◽

James T. Boyd ◽

Sheng-Han Kuo

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Action Tremor ◽

Chi Square ◽

Rest Tremor ◽

Progression Marker ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Disease Rating ◽

Relationship Of

AbstractBackgroundDespite the significance of tremor in Parkinson’s disease (PD) diagnosis, classification, and patient’s quality of life, there is a relative lack of data on prevalence and relationship of different tremor types in PD.MethodsThe presence of rest tremor (RT) and action tremor (AT; defined as combination of both postural and kinetic tremor) was determined and RT severity was defined using the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) at baseline in the Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI, n=423), the Fox Investigation for New Discovery of Biomarkers (BioFIND, n=118) and the Parkinson’s Disease Biomarkers Program (PDBP, n=873) cohorts.ResultsAcross baseline data of all three cohorts, RT prevalence (58.2%) was higher than AT prevalence (39.0%). Patients with RT had significantly higher (Chi-square test, p<0.05) prevalence of AT compared to patients without RT in the PPMI (40.0% versus 30.1%), BioFIND (48.0% versus 40.0%) and PDBP (49.9% versus 21.0%) cohorts. Furthermore, patients with AT had significantly (Student t-test, p<0.05) higher RT severity that those without AT in PPMI (5.7 ± 5.4 versus 3.9 ± 3.3), BioFIND, 6.4 ± 6.3 versus 3.8 ± 4.4) and PDBP (6.4 ± 6.6 versus 3.7 ± 4.4) cohorts.DiscussionThe RT is the most frequent tremor type and present in more than half of the PD patients. However, AT is also present in nearly one-third of the PD patients. Our results also indicate that RT and AT may have cross-interactions in PD.

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Olfactory Deficits in the Freezing of Gait Phenotype of Parkinson's Disease

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.656379 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Aliyah Glover ◽

Lakshmi Pillai ◽

Rohit Dhall ◽

Tuhin Virmani

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Freezing Of Gait ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Specific Pattern ◽

University Of Pennsylvania ◽

Normative Values ◽

Correct Identification ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: Olfactory dysfunction often occurs before motor onset in Parkinson's disease (PD) and can be detected with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Based on the Braak hypothesis, the olfactory bulb is one of two sites where disease pathology may start and spread to deeper brain structures.Objective: To evaluate whether a specific pattern of odorant identification on the UPSIT discriminated Parkinson's disease patients with and without freezing of gait.Methods: One hundred and twenty four consecutive participants (33 controls, 31 non-freezers, and 60 freezers) were administered the UPSIT. Using the chi-square test, each odorant on the UPSIT was ranked based on the differential ability of freezers and non-freezers to identify them correctly. Using predictive statistics and confusion matrices, the best combination of odorants and a cut-off score was determined.Results: Freezers had a shift toward a more severe hyposmia classification based on age and sex based normative values. The correct identification of nine odors (bubblegum, chocolate, smoke, wintergreen, paint thinner, orange, strawberry, grass, and peanut) was significantly worse in freezers compared to non-freezers. Correctly identifying ≤ 2 out of 3-odorants (bubblegum, chocolate, and smoke) had a 77% sensitivity and 61% specificity for categorizing freezers. The 3-odorant score was not correlated with disease duration, motor or total UPDRS scores, MoCA scores or age at testing. The predictive statistics were similar when sexes were separately categorized.Conclusions: A 3-odorant score helped categorize freezers and non-freezers with similar sensitivity and specificity to short odorant Parkinson's disease identification batteries.

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A holistic approach to evaluating Parkinson’s disease, using the Delphi method: a linear evaluation index

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0579 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marcos SERRANO-DUEÑAS ◽

Luis MASABANDA ◽

Maria-Rosario LUQUIN

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Delphi Method ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Internal Consistency Reliability ◽

Evaluation Index ◽

Chi Square ◽

Metric Properties ◽

Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic disease that presents a multitude of symptoms, with symptoms of both motor and nonmotor nature. The Delphi method is widely used to create consensuses among experts in a field of knowledge. Objective: In order to reach a consensus on the values that should be assigned to the different motor and nonmotor manifestations of Parkinson’s disease, a linear evaluation index (LEI) was created. Subsequently, the metric properties of this index were studied. Methods: 120 consecutive patients with a Parkinson’s diagnosis were chosen in accordance with the UKPDSBB criteria. The Delphi method was used to reach a consensus among experts regarding the values of each of the manifestations included. Subsequently, the following attributes were analyzed: quality and acceptability of the data; reliability, in terms of internal consistency, reliability index, Cronbach’s alpha and standard error of measurement; and validity, in terms of convergent validity and validity for known groups. Results: Twenty-five experts participated. The importance factor did not differ between the first round and the second round (chi-square test). We analyzed the responses that assigned percentage values to the 10 dimensions of the LEI. Both in the first and in the second round, the values of the scattering coefficient Vr were always close to 0. The homogeneity index was 0.36; the corrected-item total correlation values ranged from 0.02 to 0.7; Cronbach’s α was 0.69; and the SEM was 4.23 (55.1%). Conclusions: The LEI was obtained through rigorous recommended methodology. The results showed adequate metric properties.

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Analisis Faktor Determinan Pelaksanaan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini Oleh Bidan Di Rumah Sakit Umum Anutapura Palu

Jurnal Bidan Cerdas (JBC) ◽

10.33860/jbc.v1i1.87 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Ni Nyoman Novita ◽

Gusman Arsyad

Keyword(s):

Emergency Room ◽

Peer Support ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Implementation Processes ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Government

Implementation of IMD in hospitals has decreased from the previous year and has not reached the target set by the government. Some IMD implementation processes have not been carried out according to applicable standards. So that babies do not get an IMD in accordance with existing SOPs. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinant factors associated with the implementation of the IMD by midwives in the Midwifery and Maternity Room Emergency Room (IGD) at the Anutapura General Hospital in Palu. This research method is analytical with cross sectional approach. The population of this study was that all midwives in the obstetrics emergency room and maternity room at Anutapura Palu Hospital were 37 respondents. The sample in this study is total sampling. The analysis used was univariate, and bivariate analysis using the chi square test with a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05). The results of statistical tests on variable knowledge of midwives with the implementation of IMD p value: 0.018 (p value <0.05). APN training with the implementation of IMD p value: 0.697 (p value> 0.05). length of work with the implementation of IMD p value: 0.029 (p value <0.05). and peer support with the implementation of IMD p value: 0.007 (p value <0.05). Conclusions there is a relationship between knowledge, length of work, peer support with the implementation of the IMD, and training factors that have nothing to do with IMD implementation. The strongest factor in the relationship is peer support. It is recommended that the Anutarapura Palu Hospital be able to motivate midwives so that they can further enhance their role in the implementation and provide support to their colleagues so that the implementation of the IMD can be carried out in accordance with applicable standards.Keywords: Knowledge, APN Training, Duration of work, Implementation of IMD

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Discovery and characterization of naturally occurring potent inhibitors of catechol-O-methyltransferase from herbal medicines

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d0ra10425f ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (17) ◽

pp. 10385-10392

Author(s):

Dong-Fang Zhao ◽

Yu-Fan Fan ◽

Fang-Yuan Wang ◽

Fan-Bin Hou ◽

Frank J. Gonzalez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Disease Treatment ◽

Naturally Occurring

Discovery and characterization of natural human catechol-O-methyltransferase (hCOMT) inhibitors for Parkinson's disease treatment.

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Correlates of the discrepancy between objective and subjective cognitive functioning in non-demented patients with Parkinson’s disease

Journal of Neurology ◽

10.1007/s00415-021-10519-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mattia Siciliano ◽

Lugi Trojano ◽

Rosa De Micco ◽

Valeria Sant’Elia ◽

Alfonso Giordano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cognitive Measure ◽

Objective Evidence ◽

Cognitive Discrepancy

Abstract Background Subjective complaints of cognitive deficits are not necessarily consistent with objective evidence of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here we examined the factors associated with the objective-subjective cognitive discrepancy. Methods We consecutively enrolled 90 non-demented patients with PD who completed the Parkinson’s Disease Cognitive Functional Rating Scale (subjective cognitive measure) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA; objective cognitive measure). The patients were classified as “Overestimators”, “Accurate estimators”, and “Underestimators” on the basis of the discrepancy between the objective vs. subjective cognitive measures. To identify the factors distinguishing these groups from each other, we used chi-square tests or one-way analyses of variance, completed by logistic and linear regression analyses. Results Forty-nine patients (54.45%) were classified as “Accurate estimators”, 29 (32.22%) as “Underestimators”, and 12 (13.33%) as “Overestimators”. Relative to the other groups, the “Underestimators” scored higher on the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Parkinson Anxiety Scale (p < 0.01). Logistic regression confirmed that FSS and BDI scores distinguished the “Underestimators” group from the others (p < 0.05). Linear regression analyses also indicated that FSS and BDI scores positively related to objective-subjective cognitive discrepancy (p < 0.01). “Overestimators” scored lower than other groups on the MoCA’s total score and attention and working memory subscores (p < 0.01). Conclusion In more than 45% of consecutive non-demented patients with PD, we found a ‘mismatch’ between objective and subjective measures of cognitive functioning. Such discrepancy, which was related to the presence of fatigue and depressive symptoms and frontal executive impairments, should be carefully evaluated in clinical setting.

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Confronting Theories of Firm Growth in Light of Degrees-of-Freedom Analysis

Organizações & Sociedade ◽

10.1590/1984-9230745 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (74) ◽

pp. 385-404

Author(s):

Sérgio Fernando Loureiro Rezende ◽

Ricardo Salera ◽

José Márcio de Castro

Keyword(s):

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Firm Growth ◽

Dynamic Capabilities ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Stage Theory ◽

Chi Square ◽

Growth Optimum ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Do So

This article aims to confront four theories of firm growth – Optimum Firm Size, Stage Theory of Growth, The Theory of the Growth of the Firm and Dynamic Capabilities – with empirical data derived from a backward-looking longitudinal qualitative case of the growth trajectory of a Brazilian capital goods firm. To do so, we employed Degree of Freedom-Analysis for data analysis. This technique aims to test the empirical strengths of competing theories using statistical tests, in particular Chi-square test. Our results suggest that none of the four theories fully explained the growth of the firm we chose as empirical case. Nevertheless, Dynamic Capabilities was regarded as providing a more satisfactory explanatory power.

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Change in perception of sclerotherapy results after exposure to pre–post intervention photographs

Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease ◽

10.1177/0268355517736178 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 282-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fabricio R Santiago ◽

Mario Piscoya ◽

Yung-Wei Chi

Keyword(s):

Varicose Veins ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Clinical Severity ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Chi Square ◽

Severity Scores ◽

Venous Clinical Severity Score ◽

Before And After ◽

Chi Square Test

Objective To evaluate patients’ self-perception of cosmetic improvement before and after they were presented with pre- and postprocedure photographs after sclerotherapy with 75% dextrose. Methods Treatments included sclerotherapy of reticular and varicose veins using 75% dextrose. All treated limbs were photographed and classified according to Clinical, Etiology, Anatomy, and Pathology classification and Venous Clinical Severity Score pre- and posttreatment. The patients were queried before and after viewing the photos during these visits and indicated if they were very unsatisfied, dissatisfied, satisfied, or very satisfied. Nonparametric kappa correlation coefficient and a Chi square test were used to measure associations among agreement (p < 0.05 indicated statistical significance). The paired Wilcoxon test was used to compare statistical differences in mean Venous Clinical Severity Scores measured at different times (p < 0.05 indicated statistical significance). Data were analyzed using STATA software (version 12). Results Individuals were more satisfied with the results of sclerotherapy after exposure to images portraying their limbs two months after the procedure (p = 0.0028). This effect was maintained six months after sclerotherapy (p = 0.0027). Conclusion Patient exposure to pre- and postsurgical photographs is a simple intervention with the potential of improving patient satisfaction up to six months after treatment with sclerotherapy.

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Maternal mortality in the indigenous and non-indigenous population in Pará: contribution to the surveillance of deaths

Escola Anna Nery ◽

10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2017-0161 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Deivid Ramos dos Santos ◽

Laura Maria Vidal Nogueira ◽

Bárbara Lopes Paiva ◽

Ivaneide Leal Ataide Rodrigues ◽

Lívia Félix de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maternal Mortality ◽

Indigenous Population ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

The State ◽

Indigenous Women ◽

Chi Square ◽

Live Births ◽

Historical Series ◽

Chi Square Test

Abstract Objective: To analyze the occurrence of Maternal Mortality in general and in the indigenous population in the state of Pará. Method: A quantitative, analytical and retrospective study was performed, covering a historical series from 2005 to 2014. For the analysis of the results, non-parametric statistical tests, the Chi-square test and the G test were processed in the BioStat 5.0 software program. Results: A total of 884 maternal deaths were reported in the state of Pará, corresponding to a Mortality Rate of 60.7 per 100,000 live births for non-indigenous women and 135.8 per 100,000 live births for indigenous women. Oedema, proteinuria and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium corresponded to 30.5% (n = 270). Conclusion and Implications for the Practice: Maternal mortality remains a serious public health problem in the state of Pará, clearly demonstrating that indigenous pregnant women require greater care, since they showed higher Maternal Mortality Rates when compared to non-indigenous women.

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Analysis of Healthy Latrine Ownership Factors in the Coastal Area of Lapulu Village, Kendari City

MIRACLE Journal Of Public Health ◽

10.36566/mjph/vol4.iss1/234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 29-37

Author(s):

Sitti Marya Ulva ◽

Sinar Jannah

Keyword(s):

Statistical Tests ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Community Ownership ◽

Land Availability ◽

Tidal Area ◽

Chi Square Test

The percentage of families in Lapulu Village that had healthy latrines was 64,84% who met the health requirements and 35,16% who did not meet the health requirements in 2019. This shows that the ownership of healthy latrines is still lower than the national achievement. This study aims to determine the factors associated with low ownership of healthy latrines in the coastal areas of Lapulu Village, Kendari City. The research design was observational, with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was 437 respondents, while the study sample was 209 respondents. The sampling technique used was proportional random sampling technique. The analysis were performed using the Chi-Square test. The results of statistical tests with chi-square obtained the value of land availability (p-value=0,000), knowledge (p-value=0,031), and income (p-value=0,000). It can be concluded that there is a relationship between land availability, knowledge, and income levels associated with low ownership of healthy latrines in the tidal area of Lapulu Village, Kendari City. Therefore, it is hoped that the community and local government will establish this inter sector collaboration with related agencies to increase community ownership of healthy latrines.

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