Oral Health and Heart Disease

2002 ◽  
Vol os9 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin A Seymour ◽  
Philip M Preshaw ◽  
James G Steele
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
H Pylori

Over the past ten years, a body of evidence has accumulated to suggest that aspects of oral health, particularly the extent and severity of periodontal disease, may be associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). This evidence should be seen against the background of a more general interest in the role of chronic infections in vascular disease. There have, for example, been suggestions of associations between CHD and a range of bacterial and viral agents, including H. pylori, C. pneumoniae, and cyto-megalovirus, which are involved in persistent infections at various sites around the body. Reviews of the evidence for the causality of these relationships between CHD and specific organisms have been inconclusive. By comparison, periodontal disease is related to a wide and complex range of organisms rather than a single species and although the nature of the relationship is still inconclusive, the evidence for its validity still persists to some degree. A brief synopsis of the epidemiological studies to date and their outcomes is shown in Table 1.

scholarly journals Periodontal Disease and COPD

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swarga Jyoti Das
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused predominantly by Gram-negative, anaerobic, and microaerophilic bacteria that colonise the subgingival area though modified by environment, physical, social and host stresses. It results in progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with increased probing depth, recession, or both [1]. Throughout the history of mankind, it has been believed that oral diseases and maladies including periodontal disease may have an effect on the rest of the body. Over the centuries, writings from the ancient Egyptians, Hebrews, Assyrians, Greeks and Romans, have all noted the importance of the mouth in overall health and well-being. Thus, the concept of linking periodontitis and systemic diseases could be traced back to the beginning of recorded history and medicine [2]. Periodontal disease has been linked to an increased risk of various systemic diseases, including the respiratory diseases e.g. pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [3]. COPD is a generic term defined by the presence of airflow obstruction with excess production of sputum resulting from chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema. It has been recognized as one of the major causes of death and disability globally and is the fourth leading cause of death in United States [4]. The aetiology of COPD is complex and multifactorial, involving multiple genetic and environmental factors [5]. An enhanced or abnormal inflammatory response to inhaled particles or gases, beyond the normal protective inflammatory response in the lungs, is a characteristic feature of COPD and is potential to produce lung injury

scholarly journals Relationship of coronary heart disease and comorbide dental background

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
V. A. Khaptanova ◽  
A. D. Golmenko ◽  
A. Yu. Khaptanov ◽  
D. Yu. Gamayunov
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Wide Range

Cardiovascular disease has serious economic and social consequences that affect people, health systems and societies around the world. Ischemic heart disease is one of the main global causes of death of the population, and its growth is predicted in the coming years. This fact continues to be of serious concern to health, social and economic services. Cardiovascular disease remains the most common cause of death, and age-standardized rates are higher for men than for women. Cardiovascular comorbidity increases significantly with age.The combination of ischemic heart disease and comorbid pathology is noted in cancer incidence, bronchial asthma, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, periodontal disease, etc. It is necessary to analyze the existing disease with past diseases, risk factors and predictors available in the patient. The presence of concomitant diseases quite often requires additional diagnostic methods and changes in the tactics of treating coronary heart disease due to the fact that some of them are a contraindication to the use of certain groups of drugs. Periodontal disease includes a wide range of inflammatory conditions that affect the supporting structures of the teeth, which can lead to tooth loss and contribute to systemic inflammation. Periodontal disease is associated with several systemic diseases, one of which is coronary artery disease. It is imperative that clinicians understand the link between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. Comprehensive treatment of periodontitis and restoration of a healthy periodontium can help reduce overall inflammation in the body and reduce the risks of coronary heart disease.

scholarly journals Cannabis Use and Risk of Schizophrenia: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Study Designs

Background and Objective: Cannabis remains the most widely used illicit drug worldwide. The similarity in the chemical structure of tetrahydrocannabinol to the brain chemical anandamide allows the body to recognize it and alter normal brain functioning. The objective of this review article is to summarize the evidence for the association between cannabis and schizophrenia. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database and other sources. The keywords used were “cannabis” and “psychosis” and “schizophrenia.” Fifty-two articles relevant to our topic have been selected for this review. Results: Evidence from observational epidemiological studies has shown a positive association between regular cannabis use and schizophrenia risk. Meta-analyses and Mendelian randomization studies support the evidence from observational study designs. Discussion and Conclusions: The association between cannabis and schizophrenia is biologically plausible. Moreover, there has been emerging evidence of genes interacting with cannabis use to confer a higher risk for schizophrenia. There are enough reason and sufficient epidemiological evidence to warn people about the risk of developing schizophrenia with cannabis use. Scientific Significance: The increasing legalization of cannabis for recreational use is of significant concern. Long-term cannabis use might predispose people to increased risk of developing schizophrenia. Health professionals have a major role to play by taking maximum advantage of social and psychological interventions to educate people about the potential danger associated with cannabis and avoid its use.

scholarly journals Circadian Rhythms of the Hypothalamus: From Function to Physiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-226
Author(s):  
Rachel Van Drunen ◽  
Kristin Eckel-Mahan
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Internal Clock ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Increased Risk

The nearly ubiquitous expression of endogenous 24 h oscillations known as circadian rhythms regulate the timing of physiological functions in the body. These intrinsic rhythms are sensitive to external cues, known as zeitgebers, which entrain the internal biological processes to the daily environmental changes in light, temperature, and food availability. Light directly entrains the master clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) which lies in the hypothalamus of the brain and is responsible for synchronizing internal rhythms. However, recent evidence underscores the importance of other hypothalamic nuclei in regulating several essential rhythmic biological functions. These extra-SCN hypothalamic nuclei also express circadian rhythms, suggesting distinct regions that oscillate either semi-autonomously or independent of SCN innervation. Concurrently, the extra-SCN hypothalamic nuclei are also sensitized to fluctuations in nutrient and hormonal signals. Thus, food intake acts as another powerful entrainer for the hypothalamic oscillators’ mediation of energy homeostasis. Ablation studies and genetic mouse models with perturbed extra-SCN hypothalamic nuclei function reveal their critical downstream involvement in an array of functions including metabolism, thermogenesis, food consumption, thirst, mood and sleep. Large epidemiological studies of individuals whose internal circadian cycle is chronically disrupted reveal that disruption of our internal clock is associated with an increased risk of obesity and several neurological diseases and disorders. In this review, we discuss the profound role of the extra-SCN hypothalamic nuclei in rhythmically regulating and coordinating body wide functions.

scholarly journals 504 - Periodontal Disease and Risk of Dementia in Medicare Patients with Hepatitis C Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 57-58
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Malone ◽  
Linh Tran ◽  
Jeah Jung ◽  
Chen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Medicare Claims ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Medicare Claims Data

Objective:To examine whether periodontal disease increases the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) among hepatitis C patients in Medicare claims data.Background:Periodontal disease and hepatitis C virus (HCV) represent chronic infectious statesthat are common in elderly adults. Both conditions have independently been associated with an increased risk for dementia. Chronic infections are thought to lead to neurodegenerative changes in the central nervous system possibly by promoting a proinflammatory state. This is consistent with growing literature on the etiological role of infections in dementia. No studies have evaluated the association of periodontal disease with dementia in HCV patients.Methods:We used Medicare claims data for HCV patients to assess the incidence rate of ADRDwith and without exposure to periodontal disease between 2014 and 2017. Diagnosis of periodontal disease, HCV, and ADRD were based on ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. A Cox multivariate regression model was used to estimate the association between periodontal disease and development of ADRD, controlling for age, gender, race, ZIP-level income and education, and medical comorbidities.Results:Of the 440,578 patients in the dataset, the incidence rate of ADRD in the periodontal disease group was higher compared to those without periodontal disease (10.77% vs. 9.27%, p<0.001, and those with periodontal disease developed ADRD earlier compared to those withoutperiodontal disease (1.15 vs. 1.78 years, p<0.001). The hazard of developing ADRD was 1.23 times higher in those with periodontal disease (95% CI, 1.19 to 1.27, p< 0.001) after adjusting for all covariates, including age.Conclusion:Periodontal disease increased the risk of developing ADRD in HCV patients in anational Medicare claims dataset.

scholarly journals How oral infections can influence chronic kidney disease – a review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Cruvinel Pontes ◽  
Usuf ME Chikte
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Source Of Infection

A healthy mouth is necessary for optimal health and quality of life. However, oral health is often compromised in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this review was to present the scientific foundations behind the connection between oral diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults, discuss common oral conditions and their systemic effects, investigate biological pathways through which oral infections affect the body and provide guidelines for physicians/nephrologists. Prevalence of oral disease is increased in CKD, including periodontal disease, oral mucosal lesions, edentulousness, xerostomia, gingival overgrowth in immunosuppressed patients and potentially caries. There is moderate to strong evidence to support a negative impact of oral infections in CKD, particularly periodontal disease, with systemic inflammation, bacteraemia of oral origin, endothelial function and gut dysbiosis being potential pathways for this interaction. Poor oral health can be a hidden source of infection and has been associated with increased mortality in CKD patients. Elimination of potential foci for oral infections is crucial before renal transplantation. Frequent dental monitoring is crucial for these patients and should be part of a multidisciplinary approach to manage CKD, with special attention to end-stage kidney disease.

scholarly journals Poor Oral Health and Pre-Term Low Birth Infants

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
AKM Bashar ◽  
MS Alam
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Oral health though often considered as a distinct specialty that is separate from the body as a whole, but the health of the oral cavity can have wide-reaching effects on overall health. Poor oral health may occur concomitantly with a more serious underlying disease process or may predispose an individual to other health conditions. This article examines the relationship between poor oral health and increased risk for Pre-term low birth weight infants, underscoring that the oral cavity and its tissues are an integral part of the human body.   DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v37i2.3595 Bangladesh Medical Journal 37(2) 2008 56-65

scholarly journals The positive relationship between alcohol and heart disease in eastern Europe: potential physiological mechanisms

1998 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 402-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Mckee ◽  
Annie Britton
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Increased Risk

Research into the effect of alcohol on cardiovascular disease has indicated protective effects from moderate consumption. These observations, made in industrialized countries, have influenced policies on alcohol in countries where the situation may be quite different—specifically, where consumption is substantially higher or patterns of drinking are different. In central and eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, a growing body of epidemiological research indicates a positive rather than negative association between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular deaths, especially sudden cardiac deaths. By means of a systematic review of published work, we examine whether there is a physiological basis for the observed association between alcohol and heart disease seen in eastern Europe, focusing on the effects of high levels of consumption and of irregular or binge drinking. In binge drinkers, cardioprotective changes in high-density lipoproteins are not seen, and adverse changes in low-density lipoproteins are acquired. Irregular drinking is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, occurring after cessation of drinking. It predisposes both to histological changes in the myocardium and conducting system and to a reduction in the threshold for ventricular fibrillation. Measures of frequency as well as quantity of consumption should be included in epidemiological studies. Taken with the epidemiological evidence emerging from eastern Europe, these observations have important implications for estimates of the burden of disease attributable to alcohol.

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