scholarly journals Production of eucalyptus seedlings using alternative substrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 236-244
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique Frata Ferreira ◽  
Vitor Corrêa de Mattos Barretto ◽  
Renato Nallin Montagnolli ◽  
Paulo Renato Matos Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Alternative Substrates ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Corymbia Citriodora ◽  
Species Production ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Determining Factor

The efficiency of forest species production is associated with the seedlings quality. Hence, the substrate used is a determining factor in crop productivity, such as eucalyptus. Thus, the physical and chemical parameters of alternative and sustainable substrates were evaluated using coconut fiber and vermicompost in the production of Corymbia citriodora seedlings. Plants performance and quality were also evaluated by determining plant biomass and Dickson’s quality index, with or without mineral supplementation during cultivation. Results revealed that the proposed substrates obtained good physical and chemical characteristics when compared to a commercial substrate. The fertilization of seedlings showed to be essential in the production of more vigorous and better quality plants. The best quality C. citriodora seedlings was produced in the commercial substrate. However, it is worth highlighting the seedlings performance using alternative substrates such as coconut fiber and vermicompost, which represent a great potential for improvement, mainly due to its low cost and the observed result regarding the possible availability of nutrients in a gradual and constant way during the plants development.

scholarly journals Germination of Corymbia citriodora on different substracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Maurício Hartmann ◽  
◽  
Eder Marques ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Low Cost Substrate ◽  
Corymbia Citriodora

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the germination of lemon-scented gum (Corymbia citriodora) on different substrates. The following were tested: 1) commercial substrate, 2) sand, 3) sand + coconut fiber (2: 1), 4) coconut fiber, 5) substrate + coconut fiber (2: 1), 6) sand + substrate (2: 1) and the control treatment (germitest paper). Based on the experiment, it was observed that germination varied between 57 and 74%, although there was no significant difference between treatments. The treatments that led to a higher germination speed were the control (germitest paper), followed by the commercial substrate, coconut fiber, sand + substrate and substrate + fiber, with no significant difference, indicating that they are the best for the germination of C. citriodora seeds. The substrate based on coconut fiber is promising, as it can be considered an alternative and low-cost substrate.

scholarly journals A review of biomass materials for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (32) ◽  
pp. 7484-7495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huadong Yuan ◽  
Tiefeng Liu ◽  
Yujing Liu ◽  
Jianwei Nai ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Chemical Adsorption ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Lithium Sulfur Batteries ◽  
Biomass Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Lithium Sulfur

This review summarizes recent progress of biomass-derived materials in Li–S batteries. These materials are promising due to their advantages including strong physical and chemical adsorption, high abundance, low cost, and environmental friendliness.

scholarly journals Effect of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Russian Thistle (Salsola tragus) in Spring Barley and Spring Wheat

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Judit Barroso ◽  
Nicholas G. Genna
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate

Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) is a persistent post-harvest issue in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Farmers need more integrated management strategies to control it. Russian thistle emergence, mortality, plant biomass, seed production, and crop yield were evaluated in spring wheat and spring barley planted in 18- or 36-cm row spacing and seeded at 73 or 140 kg ha−1 in Pendleton and Moro, Oregon, during 2018 and 2019. Russian thistle emergence was lower and mortality was higher in spring barley than in spring wheat. However, little to no effect of row spacing or seeding rate was observed on Russian thistle emergence or mortality. Russian thistle seed production and plant biomass followed crop productivity; higher crop yield produced higher Russian thistle biomass and seed production and lower crop yield produced lower weed biomass and seed production. Crop yield with Russian thistle pressure was improved in 2018 with 18-cm rows or by seeding at 140 kg ha−1 while no effect was observed in 2019. Increasing seeding rates or planting spring crops in narrow rows may be effective at increasing yield in low rainfall years of the PNW, such as in 2018. No effect may be observed in years with higher rainfall than normal, such as in 2019.

scholarly journals Magnetic iron oxide/clay nanocomposites for adsorption and catalytic oxidation in water treatment applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1148-1166
Author(s):  
Ganjar Fadillah ◽  
Septian Perwira Yudha ◽  
Suresh Sagadevan ◽  
Is Fatimah ◽  
Oki Muraza
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Magnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractPhysical and chemical methods have been developed for water and wastewater treatments. Adsorption is an attractive method due to its simplicity and low cost, and it has been widely employed in industrial treatment. In advanced schemes, chemical oxidation and photocatalytic oxidation have been recognized as effective methods for wastewater-containing organic compounds. The use of magnetic iron oxide in these methods has received much attention. Magnetic iron oxide nanocomposite adsorbents have been recognized as favorable materials due to their stability, high adsorption capacities, and recoverability, compared to conventional sorbents. Magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites have also been reported to be effective in photocatalytic and chemical oxidation processes. The current review has presented recent developments in techniques using magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites for water treatment applications. The review highlights the synthesis method and compares modifications for adsorbent, photocatalytic oxidation, and chemical oxidation processes. Future prospects for the use of nanocomposites have been presented.

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Lahan Kering Beriklim Kering untuk Pengembangan Jagung di Nusa Tenggara

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Anny Mulyani ◽  
Mamat Haris Suwanda
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Annual Rainfall

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong>. Wilayah Nusa Tenggara mempunyai lahan kering beriklim kering seluas 4,9 juta ha dengan curah hujan &lt;2.000 mm/tahun dan bulan kering 5-10 bulan, bersolum tanah dangkal dan berbatu. Sebagian lahan tersebut sudah dimanfaatkan menjadi lahan pertanian terutama jagung, akibatnya produktivitas tanaman jagung rendah dibandingkan potensi genetiknya, yaitu sekitar 2,5 ton/ha di NTT dan 5,3 ton/ha di NTB dibanding dengan potensi genetiknya 9 ton/ha. Sejak tahun 2010-2015, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian telah mengembangkan inovasi teknologi pengelolaan lahan kering beriklim kering dan berbatu di beberapa kabupaten di NTT dan NTB, meliputi penyediaan sumberdaya air (dam parit, embung, tampung renteng mini, sumur dangkal), pengenalan varietas unggul baru dan budidaya tanaman pangan. Pembelajaran yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa penyediaan air menjadi titik ungkit untuk meningkatkan indeks pertanaman dan produktivitas tanaman. Inovasi teknologi yang dibutuhkan petani adalah, mudah diterapkan, biaya murah, dan efisien tenaga kerja mendorong berlanjutnya teknologi tersebut meskipun progam tersebut telah selesai. Pada tahun 2014-2018 telah dilaksanakan kegiatan pertanian konservasi melalui dana hibah barang dan jasa yang dikelola FAO. Prinsip dasar pertanian konservasi terdiri atas 3 pilar, yaitu olah tanah terbatas berupa lubang olah permanen, penutupan permukaan tanah, rotasi/tumpangsari. Lubang tanam tersebut diberi pupuk kandang atau kompos, dan ditanami jagung pada 4 penjuru lubang, dan ditumpangsarikan dengan berbagai kacang-kacangan atau tanaman merambat seperti labu kuning yang berfungsi sebagai penutup tanah dan penghasilan tambahan dari kacang-kacangan berumur pendek. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tanah sebelum dan sesudah implementasi pertanian konservasi menunjukkan bahwa pertanian konservasi dapat meningkatkan kesuburan tanah, retensi air dan meningkatkan produksi tanaman jagung.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>. The Nusa Tenggara region has upland area with dry climate of 4.9 million ha, less than 2,000 mm annual rainfall, 5-10 dry months, shallow and rocky soils. Some of the land has been used for agricultural development, especially corn, resulting in low corn productivity of around 2.5 tons / ha in NTT and 5.3 tons / ha in NTB as compared to it genetic potential 9 tons /ha. Since 2010-2015, Indonesian Agency of Agricultural Research and Development has developed innovation of soil management technology for upland with dry climates and and rocky soils in several districts in NTT and NTB. The innovation includes the provision of water resources (dam trenches, reservoirs, mini catchments, and shallow wells), introduction of new high yielding varieties and cultivation crops. The lessons learned show that water supply is the initial point to increase cropping index and crop productivity. Technological innovations needed by farmers are easy to implement, low cost, and labor efficient thereby encourage the continuation of the technology even though the program has been completed. In 2014-2018, conservation agriculture activities were carried out through grants of goods and services managed by Food Agriculture Organization (FAO). The basic principle of conservation agriculture consists of 3 pillars, namely limited tillage in the form of permanent planting holes, cover crops, rotation / intercropping. The planting hole is given manure or compost, and planted with corn in 4 corners, and intercropped with various nuts or vines such as pumpkin that serves as a soil cover and additional income from short-lived beans. Based on the results of soil analysis before and after the implementation of conservation agriculture, it shows that conservation agriculture can increase soil fertility, water retention and increase corn crop production.</p>

scholarly journals Some physical and chemical properties of substrates designed for container production of spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst)

2004 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Vesna Vratusa
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Countries In Transition ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Efficient nursery production of woody plants, as well as the level of their successful application in urban green spaces, greatly depends upon properties of substrates in which these individuals grow, develop and endure. Furthermore, quality of substrate does not only affect the quality of future product (plant individual or green space), but distinctly determines its price. This element, extremely significant for all countries in transition, thus Serbia as well, commands finding ways of making qualitative, but least expensive substrate. The most logical solution is to use mixtures/substrates of precisely defined properties, composed of domestic components. Results presented in this paper imply that it is possible to create precisely such standard mixtures from domestic resources at relatively low cost, adjusted to needs of particular species, which would ultimately lead to successful, non-expensive nursery production and application of produced stock, both on domestic and foreign markets.

scholarly journals LOW ENERGY BACTERIA PRESERVATION OF EXTREMELY HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA HALOFERAX LUCENTENSE AND HALOFERAX CHUDINOVII IMMOBILIZED USING NATURAL ZEOLITE

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Rizal Awaludin Malik ◽  
Nilawati Nilawati ◽  
Novarina Irnaning Handayani ◽  
Rame Rame ◽  
Silvy Djayanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Halophilic Archaea ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Preservation Method ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The methods of microbial cells preservation were already known by liquid drying, freeze-drying, and freezing. Those methods could preserve bacteria cells in a long period of time but its survivability was relatively low and used relatively high energy during preservation. Immobilization was known as entrapping, attaching or encapsulating bacterial cells in a suitable matrix. This research was conducted to know the suitability of zeolite as immobilization carrier and also as preservation matrix of two halophilic archaea Haloferax chudinovii and Haloferax lucentense. Variable of this research was the type of the carrier which was raw zeolite, 110oC and 300oC heat-activated zeolite carrier, parameters measured in this study was physical and chemical of zeolite such as chemical content, Si/Al ratio, surface area and pore volume, and biochemical assay, bacterial cells numbers after immobilization and bacterial cells after preservation as bacterial response to the immobilization and preservation. Heat activation was significantly affecting the chemical composition, carrier surface area, and pore volume. Highest surface area, pore volume, and Si/Al ratio were obtained in 110oC pretreated zeolite followed by 300oC pretreated zeolite. The bacterial cells obtained after immobilization process was 1,8x107 cfu/g, 3,0 x 107 cfu/g, and 2,1x107 for raw zeolite, 110oC pretreated zeolite and 300oC zeolite respectively. After 4 months preservation, the slight reduction of the bacterial cells was observed. Immobilization halophilic archaeae using zeolite as carrier was proven as low cost and effective preservation method due to relatively simple process and unspecific preservation temperature requirements.

scholarly journals M-Polynomials and Associated Topological Indices of Sodalite Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ghazanfar Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
Ali Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
Kashif Elahi
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Topological Index ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Topological Indices ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Natural Zeolites ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Natural zeolites are commonly described as macromolecular sieves. Zeolite networks are very trendy chemical networks due to their low-cost implementation. Sodalite network is one of the most studied types of zeolite networks. It helps in the removal of greenhouse gases. To study this rich network, we use an authentic mathematical tool known as M-polynomials of the topological index and show some physical and chemical properties in numerical form, and to understand the structure deeply, we compare different legitimate M-polynomials of topological indices, concluding in the form of graphical comparisons.

scholarly journals Basic Materials Studies of Lanthanide Halide Scintillators

2007 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Doty ◽  
Douglas McGregor ◽  
Mark Harrison ◽  
Kip Findley ◽  
Raulf Polichar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Anisotropic Plasticity ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Perfect Cleavage ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractCerium and lanthanum tribromides and trichlorides form isomorphous alloys with the hexagonal UCl3 type structure, and have been shown to exhibit high luminosity and proportional response, making them attractive alternatives for room temperature gamma ray spectroscopy. However the fundamental physical and chemical properties of this system introduce challenges for material processing, scale-up, and detector fabrication. In particular, low fracture stress and perfect cleavage along prismatic planes cause profuse cracking during and after crystal growth, impeding efforts to scale this system for production of low cost, large diameter spectrometers. We have reported progress on basic materials science of the lanthanide halides. Studies to date have included thermomechanical and thermogravimetric analyses, hygroscopicity, yield strength, and fracture toughness. The observed mechanical properties pose challenging problems for material production and post processing; therefore, understanding mechanical behavior is key to fabricating large single crystals, and engineering of robust detectors and systems. Analysis of the symmetry and crystal structure of this system, including identification of densely-packed and electrically neutral planes with slip and cleavage, and comparison of relative formation and propagation energies for proposed slip systems, suggest possible mechanisms for deformation and crack initiation under stress. The low c/a ratio and low symmetry relative to traditional scintillators indicate limited and highly anisotropic plasticity cause redistribution of residual process stress to cleavage planes, initiating fracture. Ongoing work to develop fracture resistant lanthanide halides is presented.

Marine Plants as a Sustainable Source of Agri-Fertilizers for Small Island Developing States (SIDS)

2014 ◽  
pp. 280-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine De Ramon N'Yeurt ◽  
Viliamu Iese
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Small Island Developing States ◽  
Marine Plants ◽  
Marine Plant ◽  
Ecosystem Shift

Climate change is forcing farmers in Small Island Developing States to find novel methods to maintain crop productivity. Past practices using chemical fertilizers and poor waste management severely damaged many coastal areas, leading to an ecosystem shift towards algal dominance. In this chapter, the authors propose an approach to deal with this issue by devising methods which divert excess marine plant biomass into agricultural uses through conversion of the biomass to solid and liquid fertilizers. Seaweed-based fertilizers have already been tried with much success on crops in some developed countries, but these are expensive to import into Pacific Islands. The authors also suggest empowering local communities with the knowledge to convert marine plant biomass into ecologically friendly fertilizers. They will be able to save on the purchase of commercial fertilizers detrimental to the environment, while at the same time reducing the spread of seaweeds on their coral reefs. Farmers' incomes will increase.

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