Estate Regeneration and its Discontents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Watt
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Policy Discourse ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
Mixed Communities

This book provides a theoretically informed, empirically rich account of the development, causes and consequences of public housing (council/local authority/social) estate regeneration within the context of London’s housing crisis and widening social inequality. It focuses on regeneration schemes involving comprehensive redevelopment – the demolition of council estates and their rebuilding as mixed-tenure neighbourhoods with large numbers of market properties which fuels socio-spatial inequalities via state-led gentrification. The book deploys an interdisciplinary perspective drawn from sociology, geography, urban policy and housing studies. By foregrounding estate residents’ lived experiences – mainly working-class tenants but also working- and middle-class homeowners – it highlights their multiple discontents with the seemingly never-ending regeneration process. As such, the book critiques the imbalances and silences within the official policy discourse in which there are only regeneration winners while the losers are airbrushed out of history. The book contains many illustrations and is based on over a decade of research undertaken at several London council-built estates. The book is divided into three parts. Part One (Chapters 2-4) examines housing policy and urban policy in relation to the expansion and contraction of public housing in London, and the development of estate regeneration. Part Two (Chapters 5-7) analyses residents’ experiences of living at London estates before regeneration begins. It argues that residents positively valued their homes and neighbourhoods, even though such valuation was neither unqualified nor universal. Part Three (Chapters 8-12) examines residents’ experiences of living through regeneration, and argues that comprehensive redevelopment results in degeneration, displacement, and fragmented rather than mixed communities.

Sporting Shanghai: Haipai Cosmopolitanism, Glocal Cityness, and Urban Policy as Mega-Event

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yu ◽  
Hanhan Xue ◽  
Joshua I. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Policy Discourse ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Sport Policy ◽  
Mega Event ◽  
Critical Site

In recent years, Shanghai has become one of Asia’s major players in the bidding for, and hosting of, international sporting events. Uniquely positioned by history (e.g., China’s liberalized urban node to the globalizing economy, an imbedded urban cosmopolitanism) and geopolitics (e.g., a shift toward free market domestic political economy, a growing pro-corporatist governing alliance), sporting Shanghai provides a critical site of analysis for contemporary sport-based global-localisms. In this study, we examine how local culture, global commercialism, and policy discourse intersect to “produce” the global sporting city. We conclude with a discussion of how sport in this context is manufactured not only as economic, social, and political catalyst, but also how sport policy itself represents a conjunctural city as “modernization” event.

scholarly journals Challenges of digitalization and artificial intelligence for modern economies, societies and management

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-567
Author(s):  
Rolf Clauberg
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Jobs

This study aims at identifying the challenges of digitalization and artificial intelligence for modern economies, societies and business administration. The implementation of digitalization schemes as Industry 4.0 are presently official policy of many developed countries. The goal is optimization of production processes and supply chains. Artificial intelligence is also affecting many fields. Both technologies are expected to substantially change working conditions for many people. It is important to identify the kind and impact of these changes and possible means to minimize negative effects. For this purpose, this study uses previous results about the disappearance of manufacturing jobs in the USA and their impact on different groups of society together with technical information about the new technologies to deduce expected changes caused by digitalization and artificial intelligence. Results are that both technologies will destroy large numbers of jobs and complete job classes while at the same time creating new jobs very different from the ones destroyed. Extensive permanent education and re-education of employees will be necessary to minimize negative effects, probably even changes to a more broad-based education to improve the potential of job changes into completely new fields. In addition, the technical information about digitalization in cyber-physical systems points to dangers that will require solutions on the international level.

23. TUPE

2019 ◽  
pp. 406-420
Author(s):  
Stephen Taylor ◽  
Astra Emir
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Employment Law ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Unfair Dismissal ◽  
Rights Sharing ◽  
Contractual Rights

The Transfer of Undertakings Protection of Employment (TUPE) Regulations aim to protect the interests of employees when the business they work for changes hands, or when their part of an operation is acquired or transferred to another business. They also apply in merger situations, when in-house processes are outsourced, when a contract to provide a service transfers from one provider to another, and when a public sector body such as a local authority ‘contracts out’ services, or indeed, brings formerly contracted out services back in house. They form a specialised corner of employment law, but one which can be very important for large numbers of people. This chapter discusses core TUPE rights, when TUPE applies, consultation requirements, contractual rights, unfair dismissal rights, sharing of information between transferors and transferees, and TUPE Regulations in respect of the takeover of insolvent businesses.

The Perils of Rationalism in American Urban Policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Imbroscio
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Policy Discourse ◽  
The Core ◽  
Strong Commitment ◽  
Twenty First Century

A strong and enduring commitment to liberalism marks much of urban policy discourse in the United States. Although this Liberal Urban Policy compares favorably with its neoliberal and neoconservative rivals, it is nevertheless deeply flawed. One particularly serious problem is its strong commitment to rationalism. I offer a critique of this Rationalist Paradigm at the core of Liberal Urban Policy, which is extensively developed along both normative and empirical dimensions. In light of this critique, I conclude by gesturing toward a possible alternative—an Organic Paradigm—that might conceivably serve as a superior foundation for American urban policy in the twenty-first century.

From central to marginal: The trajectory of Israel’s public-housing policy

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 2432-2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravit Hananel
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Housing Policy ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
Housing Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Diversity

Over the past decade, in the wake of the global housing crisis, many countries have again turned to public housing to increase the supply of affordable housing for disadvantaged residents. Because the literature and past experience have generally shown public-housing policies to be contrary to the urban-diversity approach, many countries are reshaping their policies and focusing on a mix of people and of land uses. In this context, the Israeli case is particularly interesting. In Israel, as in many other countries (such as Germany and England), there was greater urban diversity in public-housing construction during the 1950s and 1960s (following the state’s establishment in 1948). However, at the beginning of the new millennium, when many countries began to realise the need for change and started reshaping their public-housing policies in light of the urban-diversity approach, Israel responded differently. In this study I use urban diversity’s main principles – the mix of population and land uses – to examine the trajectory of public-housing policy in Israel from a central housing policy to a marginal one. The findings and the lessons derived from the Israeli case are relevant to a variety of current affordable-housing developments in many places.

scholarly journals How “Peasant Apartments” Could Undermine Rural Governance in China: Spatial Realignment, Moral Reconfiguration and Local Authority

2019 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 376-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Yep ◽  
Ying Wu
Keyword(s):  
Local Authority ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Political Challenge ◽  
The Face ◽  
To Come ◽  
Residential Pattern ◽  
China Today

AbstractA seismic change in the residential pattern is emerging in rural China today: traditional rural houses have been rapidly erased from the face of the countryside with large numbers of peasants being relocated to modern high-rise buildings. This process of “peasant elevation” has had a monumental impact on rural China. It redefines the entitlement to land use by the rural citizenry and negotiations for a new regime of property rights concerning land administration, while, most importantly, it undermines the position of the local state in rural China, whose authority is an aggregation of three distinctive elements: coercive power inherent in the state apparatus, control over economic resources, and resonance with local morality. Based on original data collected in Chongqing, Nantong and Dezhou, this paper argues that the comprehensive uprooting of the Chinese peasantry from the land and the resulting complications have caused moral disorientation among the relocated peasants and fragmentation of local authority. The difficulty in establishing community identity in the new setting has further undermined local governance. This may in turn trigger a wave of social and political tensions that may eventually turn out to be a major political challenge to the regime for years to come.

Flexible Design of Public Housing in Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Debicka ◽  
Avi Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Housing Authority ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
New Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Northern Climate ◽  
Exterior Design ◽  
Over Time

Public housing delivered in the Canadian Arctic has been ill-adapted to the social and cultural realities of Inuit communities and to northern climate. Inadequate consultation has resulted in dwellings that fails to adapt to the needs of growing families, impedes the ability of residents to engage in land-based activities, and is inappropriate for local climate. This paper examines how a user-led, flexible approach can help tailor the design of new public homes to the needs of the local housing authority and future occupants. Flexibility is incorporated into the pre-occupancy, post-occupancy and refurbishment stages of the units life-cycle, ensuring that they can be easily adapted over time. A menu of interior and exterior design components has been developed for selection by all stakeholders. The redevelopment of Widow's Row, in Iqaluit, Nunavut demonstrates how appropriate design can play a pivotal role in addressing the housing crisis.

Deconcentration by Demolition: Public Housing, Poverty, and Urban Policy

10.1068/d306 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Crump
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Geographic Concentration ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Concentration Of Poverty

During the 1990s, local and federal urban policymakers, neoliberal politicians, and advocates for the poor came to a broad consensus: the geographic concentration of low-income, minority residents in public housing projects located in the inner city constitutes the fundamental problem facing US cities. Accordingly, to solve the problems allegedly associated with the spatial concentration of poverty, public housing, which concentrates low-income people in the inner city, must be demolished and the residents relocated. In this paper I argue that such federal public housing policies are based on a conceptually inadequate understanding of the role of space and of spatial influences on poverty and on the behavior of poor people. The use of spatial metaphors such as the ‘concentration of poverty’ or the ‘deconcentration of the poor’ disguises the social and political processes behind poverty and helps to provide the justification for simplistic spatial solutions to complex social, economic, and political problems.

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