Remember Pregnancy is a State of Health

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Ann Oakley
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Normal Work ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Hospital Clinic

This chapter argues that pregnancy is a medical condition — a condition to be monitored by doctors. Between seven and eighteen visits to the general practitioner (GP), local authority, or hospital clinic were made during pregnancy by the sample women for antenatal care: the average was thirteen. Going to the doctor suggests illness, and two other features of illness are associated with pregnancy in modern industrialised society: a pregnant woman, like other ‘patients’, is allowed to give up her normal work, and is encouraged to hand over responsibility for the management of her condition to others (the medical profession). Moreover, pregnancy produces unpleasant symptoms, each of which, in other circumstances, can be a sign of illness. Even in pregnancy some of these require medication, a habit not normally associated with health.

Quantifying Pregnant Women’s Knowledge of Educational Components of Antenatal Care in Lesotho

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabeta Seeiso ◽  
Mamutle M. Todd-Maja
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Danger Signs ◽  
In Pregnancy

Antenatal care (ANC) literacy is particularly important for pregnant women who need to make appropriate decisions for care during their pregnancy and childbirth. The link between inadequate health literacy on the educational components of ANC and maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is undisputable. Yet, little is known about the ANC literacy of pregnant women in SSA, with most studies inadequately assessing the four critical components of ANC literacy recommended by the World Health Organization, namely danger signs in pregnancy; true signs of labour; nutrition; and preparedness for childbirth. Lesotho, a country with one of the highest maternal mortality rates in SSA, is also underexplored in this research area. This cross-sectional study explored the levels of ANC literacy and the associated factors in 451 purposively sampled women in two districts in Lesotho using a structured questionnaire, making recourse to statistical principles. Overall, 16.4 per cent of the participants had grossly inadequate ANC literacy, while 79.8 per cent had marginal levels of such knowledge. The geographic location and level of education were the most significant predictors of ANC literacy, with the latter variable further subjected to post hoc margins test with the Bonferroni correction. The participants had the lowest scores on knowledge of danger signs in pregnancy and true signs of labour. Adequate ANC literacy is critical to reducing maternal mortality in Lesotho. Improving access to ANC education, particularly in rural areas, is recommended. This study also provides important recommendations critical to informing the national midwifery curriculum.

scholarly journals Coverage of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy in four sub-Saharan countries: findings from household surveys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Pons-Duran ◽  
Mireia Llach ◽  
Charfudin Sacoor ◽  
Sergi Sanz ◽  
Eusebio Macete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is a key malaria prevention strategy in areas with moderate to high transmission. As part of the TIPTOP (Transforming IPT for Optimal Pregnancy) project, baseline information about IPTp coverage was collected in eight districts from four sub-Saharan countries: Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Madagascar, Mozambique and Nigeria. Methods Cross-sectional household surveys were conducted using a multistage cluster sampling design to estimate the coverage of IPTp and antenatal care attendance. Eligible participants were women of reproductive age who had ended a pregnancy in the 12 months preceding the interview and who had resided in the selected household during at least the past 4 months of pregnancy. Coverage was calculated using percentages and 95% confidence intervals. Results A total of 3911 women were interviewed from March to October 2018. Coverage of at least three doses of IPTp (IPTp3+) was 22% and 24% in DRC project districts; 23% and 12% in Madagascar districts; 11% and 16% in Nigeria local government areas; and 63% and 34% in Mozambique districts. In DRC, Madagascar and Nigeria, more than two-thirds of women attending at least four antenatal care visits during pregnancy received less than three doses of IPTp. Conclusions The IPTp3+ uptake in the survey districts was far from the universal coverage. However, one of the study districts in Mozambique showed a much higher coverage of IPTp3+ than the other areas, which was also higher than the 2018 average national coverage of 41%. The reasons for the high IPTp3+ coverage in this Mozambican district are unclear and require further study.

scholarly journals Management of thyroid disease in pregnancy – Room for improvement in the first trimester

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Robinson ◽  
Philip Robinson ◽  
Michael D’Emden ◽  
Kassam Mahomed
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Background First-trimester care of maternal thyroid dysfunction has previously been shown to be poor. This study evaluates early management of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy in Australia. Methods Patients reviewed by the Obstetric Medicine team for thyroid dysfunction from 1 January 2012 to 30 June 2013 were included. Data were collected on gestation at referral from the patient’s general practitioner to the antenatal clinic, information provided in the referral letter, thyroid function tests and thyroid medications. Results Eighty-five women were included in the study. At the time of general practitioner referral to antenatal services, 19% of women with preexisting thyroid disease had no thyroid function tested. Forty-three percent had an abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone defined as being outside the laboratory-specific pregnancy reference range if available, or outside the level of 0.1–2.5 mIu/L in the first trimester, 0.2–3.0 mIu/L in the second trimester and 0.3–3.0 mIu/L in the third trimester. Only 21% of women increased their thyroxine dose prior to their first antenatal clinic review. Conclusion This study highlights that a significant proportion of women with known thyroid disease either have untested thyroid function in the first trimester or a thyroid-stimulating hormone outside of levels recommended by guidelines.

Syphilis and pregnancy: Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaniego Haro VJ ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Recurrent Abortions ◽  
Penicillin Treatment ◽  
In Pregnancy

Syphilis is a disease that has not been eradicated in part due to inadequate management of antibiotic therapy which is selected according to the stage of the disease and to the misuse of the type of penicillin. Treatment of this disease should be done to prevent it´s chronic complications, to avoid infecting sexual partners and the fetus in a pregnant woman. Syphilis in pregnancy causes increase in the rate of recurrent abortions and neonatal morbidity and mortality, that´s the main reason why early detection and treatment without delay is extremely important. Pregnancy alters immunity, so the serological diagnosis can provide false positives, with the use of inverse algorithms these results may decrease, by increasing the sensitivity of the tests. Today, after 69 years since the advent of penicillin, it has become the drug of choice for any stage of syphilis and in pregnant women; if the patient has allergy, desensitization is indicated either orally or intravenously and other antibiotic shouldn´t be used because of the security offered by penicillin in the cure rate and in the reduction of congenital syphilis. Keywords: Syphilis; Pregnancy; Inverse algorithms.

Prevalence and factors associated with anemia in pregnancy among women receiving antenatal care at the West Gonja District Hospital of Northern Ghana.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-12
Author(s):  
Martin Malick
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
The West ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Folate Supplement ◽  
Anemia In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem especially in Low and Middle-income countries (LMIC) including Ghana and is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being present when the hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral blood is 11g/dl or less. In most African countries anemia in pregnancy occurs if the hemoglobin concentration falls below 10g/dl. Pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing anemia due to several factors such as hemodilution, nutritional factors, multiple gestation, socio-economic status and malaria infestation. Anemia in pregnancy is an important cause of maternal mortality and affects half of pregnant women worldwide; with 56% of West African pregnant women being anemic. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and identify the risk factors associated with anemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the West Gonja Hospital (WGH) Methods: A cross-sectional was conducted with 136 pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the WGH between January 2017 to February 2018. Random sampling was used to select participants and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the SPSS Version 24.0. Results: A total 71(52.2%) of the study population were anemic, while 65 (47.8%) were not anemic. 20(74.1%) of the 27 pregnant housewives were anemic, while 11(64.7%) of the pregnant farmers were anemic. 27 (96.4%) of the 28 pregnant women who took their iron/folate supplement only some few days were anemic. 12 (100%) of the 12 participants who took their iron/folate supplement a few times a week were anemic. 4 (80%) of the 5 participants who never took their iron/folate supplement were anemic. 21 (70%) of those who did not sleep under ITN were anemic. 33 (84.6%) of the 39 patients who were diagnosed with malaria were also anemic. 28 (87.5%) of the 32 participants who took only 2 meals a day were anemic. 27 (79.4%) of the 34 patients who took liver, beef, chicken and fish only twice weekly were anemic. 15 (88.2%) of the 17 patients who drank tea some days in a week were anemic. Conclusion: Although most of the pregnant women were adequately educated on the most relevant aspects of anemia in pregnancy, more than half of them were still anemic. Anemia was more prevalent among pregnant uneducated housewives with poor nutritional habits. All the pregnant sickle cell disease patients as well as those diagnosed with malaria were also anemic.

The Effect of Counselling Intervention during Antenatal Care on the Knowledge and Attitude about Danger Signs in Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study in Takalar Regency -

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Nurhikmah ◽  
Tahir Abdullah ◽  
Stang ◽  
Suriah ◽  
Andi Imam Arundhana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Community Health Service ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Danger Signs ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objective: This study was to examine the effects of counselling delivered during antenatal care on the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women about danger signs in pregnancy.Methods: This was a pre-experimental design using one group pre- and post-test only. This study was conducted in Takalar, specifically within Sanrobone Community Health Service working area. Takalar is located in South Sulawesi Province Indonesia and this area is coastal with the majority of people working as a fisherman. Participants of this study were pregnant women living in the villages which are included in the working area of Sanrobone Community Health Service.Results: The study shows that counselling improved knowledge and attitude of pregnant women about danger signs in pregnancy (p=0.011 and p=0.025, respectively). The number of pregnant women with good knowledge and positive attitude increased after the intervention (43.8% vs 93.8%, 62.5% vs 93.8%, respectively).Conclusions: In can be concluded that intervention by means of counselling can improve the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women about danger signs in pregnancy. Therefore, it is important to implement the counselling program delivered by health workers in Community Health Service in order to mitigate the risk of maternal mortality.

Cholangiocarcinoma in pregnancy (clinical case)

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Ralnikova ◽  
V. F. Bezhenar ◽  
B. V. Arakelyan ◽  
N. A. Tatarova ◽  
M. E. Malysheva
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Late Diagnosis ◽  
Biliary Cancer ◽  
In Pregnancy

The article discusses the problems of diagnosing biliary cancer during pregnancy, proceeding under the guise of complications associated with gestation. A clinical observation of late diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma in a pregnant woman is presented.

GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN, UMUR,DUKUNGAN SUAMI, DAN EKONOMI, PADA IBU HAMIL TENTANG KEPATUHAN PEMERIKSAAN KLINIK PRATAMA SANTA ELISABETH MEDAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Lilis Sumardiani
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Mothers And Children ◽  
Knowledge Age ◽  
Husband Support ◽  
In Pregnancy

Introduction :antenatal care is an examination of pregnant women both physically and mentally as well as saving mothers and children in pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium, so that they post partum healthy and normal not only physically but also mentallyMethod : The study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to pregnant women with emesis gravidarum. Data analysis using univariants for frequency distribution. Result : The results showed an overview of knowledge of pregnant women with good knowledge of 13 people (65%), sufficient knowledge of 5 people (25%) and lack of knowledge of 1 person (5%) while lacking knowledge of pregnant women who did not comply did 1 pregnancy check up (5) %). overall obedient pregnant women undergo pregnancy examinations aged <20 years 7 people (35%), 20-30 years there are 7 people (35%) and there are 4 people> 35 years (20%). while those aged <20 years who are not compliant pregnant women do pregnancy examinations 2 people (10%). pregnant women about compliance with antenatal care namely, support from the husband is very good there are 12 people (60%), good 4 people (20%) and enough 4 people (40%). 20%), the middle economy there are 13 people (65%), and the low economy 4 people (20%), while the economy is lacking in pregnant women who do not comply with one pregnancy checkup (5%). parity, shows that the total number of pregnant women regarding compliance with antenatal care is, that has children who live 1 times 4 people (20%), the number of children who live 2-5 times 11 people (55%), and the number of children who live> 5 times 5 people (25%) while parity, in pregnant women who do not comply with pregnancy examination 1 person (5%) Duscussion:From this study it can be concluded that knowledge, age, husband support, economy and parity in pregnant women regarding compliance with antenatal care in the Klinik Pratama Santa Elisabeth Medan is said to be a minority who are disobedient and more who are obedient do ANC visits

scholarly journals Impact of regional socioeconomic variation on coordination and cost of ambulatory care: investigation of claims data from Bavaria, Germany

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e016218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mehring ◽  
Ewan Donnachie ◽  
Antonius Schneider ◽  
Martin Tauscher ◽  
Roman Gerlach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hierarchical Models ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
District Level ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Specialist Care ◽  
Physician Density

ObjectivesA considerable proportion of regional variation in healthcare use and health expenditures is to date still unexplained. The aim was to investigate regional differences in the gatekeeping role of general practitioners and to identify relevant explanatory variables at patient and district level in Bavaria, Germany.DesignRetrospective routine data analysis using claims data held by the Bavarian Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians.ParticipantsAll patients who consulted a specialist in ambulatory practice within the first quarter of 2011 (n=3 616 510).Outcomes measuresOf primary interest is the effect of district-level measures of rurality, physician density and multiple deprivation on (1) the proportion of patients with general practitioner (GP) coordination of specialist care and (2) the mean amount in Euros claimed by specialist physicians.ResultsThe proportion of patients whose use of specialist services was coordinated by a GP was significantly higher in rural areas and in highly deprived regions, as compared with urban and less deprived regions. The hierarchical models revealed that increasing age and the presence of chronic diseases are the strongest predictive factors for coordination by a GP. In contrast, the presence of mental illness, an increasing number of medical condition categories and living in a city are predictors for specialist use without GP coordination. The amount claimed per patient was €10 to €20 higher in urban districts and in regions with lower deprivation. Hierarchical models indicate that this amount is on average higher for patients living in towns and lower for patients in regions with high deprivation.ConclusionThe present study shows that regional deprivation is closely associated with the way in which patients access primary and specialist care. This has clear consequences, both with respect to the role of the general practitioner and the financial costs of care.

scholarly journals Support, Access and Antenatal Care to Women with a history of Preeclampsia in Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Evi Diliana Rospia ◽  
Andari Wuri Astuti ◽  
Retno Mawarti
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Need Support ◽  
History Of ◽  
In Pregnancy

Preeclampsia and eclampsia are the second direct cause of maternal death worldwide, estimated to complicate 2-8% of all pregnancies, the global prevalence of preeclampsia is around 4.6%. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an overview of studies related to antenatal support, access and services to mothers with a history of preeclampsia in pregnancy. The authors identify studies that explain preeclampsia in pregnancy from several databases namely PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO and Springer Link. Searches are limited to studies published in English and present data for the 2009-2019 period. The identified study was reviewed using PRISMA Flowchart. Studies with qualitative and quantitative designs that explore the experiences of pregnant women regarding antenatal support, access and services were selected for review, while studies that were not experience related to antenatal support, access and services to mothers with a history of preeclampsia in pregnancy were excluded. A total of twelve articles were reviewed which obtained three sub-themes of support, namely the support of husband, family and health workers, from the theme of access obtained three sub-themes namely information search, modification programs and the availability of health workers. From the theme of antenatal care, four sub-themes are found, namely unsustainable care, lack of information, screening and feeling empowered. Pregnant women with preeclampsia need support from a partner or family and health workers. Information and screening need to be improved in antenatal care.

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