Social Administration in a Changing Society1

Author(s):  
Richard M. Titmuss

This chapter argues that the future of social administration depends, to some extent, on the future of the great experiments in social service which have been launched in Britain in recent years. To this uncertainty must be added, in the teaching of social administration, the awareness of intellectual uncertainty which attends on those concerned with the study of human relations, for only now are people beginning to grope their way towards some scientific understanding of society. Uncertainty, then, is part of the price that has to be paid for being interested in the many-sidedness of human needs and behaviour. The chapter also presents some generalizations about the nature of social change which, by their effect on the individual and the family, affect also the structure and roles of the social services.

Author(s):  
Abdelmajid Nayif Alawneh

    The research aims to study the impact of unemployment on the social conditions in the Palestinian society from the point of view of the unemployed youth, especially in the current time period (2019), the researcher used the descriptive analytical method, and the research community consists of young people in the governorate of Ramallah. The researcher used the questionnaire tool, and the data were analyzed by the analysis program (SPSS). It was found that the majority of youth are unemployed, they are middle age, single and large families, urban residents, people with specialties and low income. As for the results of the research, there was an increase in the impact of the forms of unemployment on the social conditions of the individual, family and society and their outlook towards the future, came the highest degree on the social conditions of the individual (6. 90%) and then the social conditions of the family (3. 83%), Followed by the societal conditions to reach the value (78%), came the lowest values ​​for the outlook for the future, which amounted to (67%). Some of the features of the impact of unemployment, including the tension, anxiety and frustration of the young group. As for the nature of the relationship between the variables of the study, there was a statistically significant relationship between the combined unemployment and the low income, between the apparent, persuasive and compulsory unemployment, and the individual, family and societal situations and the outlook for them. At the end of the research a number of recommendations were made, most notably the need to balance the types of education and activate the social and cultural role of the family.  


1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Rivlin

Direct federal support and corporate philanthropy are two of the many mechanisms of social service delivery in the U.S. The ongoing federal retrenchment reflects both a public decision to reduce the overall level of spending and a pressure to reallocate responsibility for providing some social services from one source to another. The success of this reallocation depends on the match between provider abilities and incentives and the characteristics of the social programs demanded from that provider. The author draws from theory and recent history a partial list of criteria for policymakers to consider in deciding who should be responsible for providing various public services.


Author(s):  
Mirosław Grewiński ◽  
Marek Kawa

The aim of the article is to present the empirical research conducted among Polish social workers in November of 2020 on the newly created institution named in Polish -  - Centrum Usług Społecznych, CUS (Social Service Centers). The article also presents the theoretical framework, but mostly the authors focus on presenting empirical research of 79 social welfare centers in Poland. The main research problem proposed within the article was how social workers perceive the creation of a new institution in municipalities - social service centers and what deficits and strengths they see in the field of creating new social services, that meet new challenges such as aging of society, transformations of labor markets and changes within the family, ecological threats and new pandemics. 


Author(s):  
J. Curtis McMillen ◽  
Danielle R. Adams

Social service settings offer numerous complexities in their staffing, consumers, and payer mix that require careful consideration in designing dissemination and implementation efforts. However, social services’ unique access to vulnerable populations with health problems may prove vital in efforts to improve the health status of many of our citizens and reduce health disparities. While a number of well-developed, blended dissemination and implementation models are being used in social service settings, they all require additional documentation, research, and field experience. Nonetheless, the lessons learned in the social services may help organizations in other sectors better implement health interventions with complex consumers in complex settings.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-619
Author(s):  
Morris Fishbein

THE POET John Donne wrote that no man is an island. Never was this more apt than when applied to the person who is suffering with a crippling disease. For him isolation is disastrous. If intelligent and left too much alone, he becomes embittered, sullen and perhaps an enemy of society. If unintelligent, he deteriorates slowly and steadily into a parasitic, vegetable-like existence, which may eventually sap the lives of all about him. The modern approach to the problem emphasizes adjustment of the handicapped person to the family, the community, and even the nation. All these forces are brought to bear from the social, economic and psychologic points of view, so that such a person is able to live an existence as nearly normal as possible. He contributes to rather than lives upon the society that encompasses him. This consideration of the social aspects of rheumatic heart disease is concerned with these problems and with the extent to which the individual, the family, the community and the nation are able to solve them. On July 29, 1789, Edward Jenner, who first introduced vaccination against smallpox, reported to the medical society in Gloucestershire, England, on "Disease of the Heart Following Acute Rheumatism." The case was illustrated by dissection. This was probably the first reference to rheumatic fever in scientific medical reports. Unfortunately neither the paper nor any record other than its title has ever been found. Perhaps the first physician who pointedly called attention to the association of acute rheumatism and heart disease was David Pitcairn, born in 1749.


Author(s):  
Olga Vasilyevna Zayats ◽  
Nadezhda Vladimirovna Osmachko

The paper reveals the essence and significance of digital socialization of older people, the importance of overcoming social exclusion by older citizens in terms of access to digital technologies. The purpose of the paper is to reveal the role of social service centers for the population, which act as agents of digital socialization of older people (based on the materials of a sociological study). The objects of the study were elderly people receiving social services in the Primorsky Center for Social Services of the Population, and senior citizens who were trained in computer literacy courses. The authors set the fol-lowing tasks: to determine elderly people’s interest in mastering computer literacy and how effective the “Internet ABC” program is. In addition, it was sup-posed to establish the importance of integrated cen-ters of social services for the population in ensuring computer literacy of pensioners. As a result of a sociological study, it was found that older people show a significant interest in modern information technologies. Computer courses organized on the basis of the center for social services help elderly people to get information about state and municipal services, work with the websites of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, the Social Insur-ance Fund, Public Services and Multifunctional Cen-ter.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Andrea Arango-Bernal

Objetivo: analizar los significados que construyen las madres de personas en condición de hemofilia, sobre ser portadoras de la enfermedad. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque del interaccionismo simbólico que, a través de una etnografía particularista y el uso de entrevistas semiestructuradas, observaciones y revisión documental, rescató el punto de vista de 17 madres pertenecientes a la Liga Antioqueña de Hemofílicos que participaron de manera voluntaria y residen en diferentes municipios del departamento de Antioquia. Resultados: Las participantes se reconocen a sí mismas como seres potenciales, es decir, no sólo como trasmisoras o cuidadoras de la enfermedad de sus hijos, sino como sujetos cognoscentes de su realidad dispuestas a reflexionar sobre sus aprendizajes e incorporarlos a favor de la relación consigo mismas y con los demás. Los significados más relevantes son: empezar a vivir con hemofilia, asumir la enfermedad, la familia, el cuidado y la crianza, la relación con los servicios de salud, caminando con algo que no se puede desprender y darse cuenta. Conclusiones: La salud colectiva es la posibilidad de tener un acercamiento más comprensivo al proceso salud – enfermedad – atención de los colectivos humanos, tomando en cuenta las condiciones económicas, sociales y culturales en las que estos se inscriben. La pregunta por los significados de estas madres develó el tejido de lo individual y lo colectivo, como un asunto que trasciende el plano biológico de la enfermedad y da cuenta de la construcción social en la que confluyen prácticas, saberes, imaginarios y sentimientos.Palabras Clave: Cuidadores, enfermedad crónica, hemofilia A, madresSignifi cance of being a hemophilia carrierAbstractObjective: Analyzing the meanings that mothers of people with hemophilia, build about being carriers of the disease. Materials and methods: Study based on the qualitative method supported by the approach of symbolic interaction, which through a particularistic ethnography, and the use of semi-structured interviews, observations and document review, rescued the point of view of 17 mothers belonging to the Liga Antioqueña de Hemofílicos. They participated voluntarily and reside in different municipalities of Antioquia. Results: The participants recognize themselves as potential beings, that is, not only as disseminators or carers of the illness of their children, but as cognocentes subject of their reality willing to reflect on their learning and incorporate them in favor of the relationship with herself and others. The most important meanings are: start living with hemophilia, assuming the disease, the family, the care and upbringing, relationships with health services, walking with something that can not be detached and realize. Conclusions: Collective health is the ability to have a more comprehensive approach to process health - disease - care of human groups, taking into account the economic, social and cultural conditions in which they are registered. The question of the meaning of these mothers, unveiled the tissue of the individual and the collective, as a matter that transcends the biological level of the disease and accounts for the social construction that blends practices, knowledge, imaginary and feelings.Key Words: Hemophilia A, chronic disease, mothers, caregivers. Significado de ser portadora de hemofiliaResumo                                   Objetivo: Analisar os significados construídos pelas mães de pessoas com hemofilia, sobre ser portadores da doença. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo qualitativo com foco no interacionismo simbólico, que, através de uma etnografia individualista e o uso de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, observações e revisão documental, resgatou o ponto de vista de 17 mães pertencentes à Liga Antioquia de Hemófilos que participaram voluntariamente e residem em diferentes municípios do departamento de Antioquia. Resultados: Os participantes se reconhecem como seres potenciais, ou seja, não apenas como transmissores ou cuidadores da doença de seus filhos, mas como sujeitos cognitivos de sua realidade que estão dispostos a refletir sobre sua aprendizagem e a incorporá-los em favor do relacionamento com eles mesmos e com os outros. Os significados mais relevantes são: começar a viver com hemofilia, assumir a doença, família, cuidados e educação, relacionar-se com os serviços de saúde, caminhar com algo que você não pode separar e perceber. Conclusões: A saúde coletiva é a possibilidade de ter uma abordagem mais abrangente para o processo saúde-doença-cuidado de grupos humanos, levando em consideração as condições econômicas, sociais e culturais nas quais estão registradas. A questão dos significados dessas mães revela o tecido do indivíduo e o coletivo como um problema que transcende o plano biológico da doença e explica a construção social em que as práticas, o conhecimento, o imaginário e os sentimentos convergem.Palavras-Chave: Cuidadores, doenças crônicas, hemofilia A, mães  


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Vishtalenko ◽  
◽  
Emma Andreasyan ◽  

Most researchers of socialization processes agree that the primary socialization carried out in the family is crucial. The phenomenon of the family was considered in terms of psychological, sociological, anthropological, philosophical, biological and cultural approaches. Now the question of surrogacy is being studied in terms of the psychology of the life path of the individual; as manifestations of the meaning of life, will, responsibility; as a world of the subjective, where is always something more. Many scientists pay attention to the methodology, organization, functioning of foster families; the problems of lifestyle of orphan children in general, and in particular – in a professionally foster family. Scientists have considered the motivation of the adopted child into the family and some socio-psychological characteristics of parents. However, there are almost no studies of some individual-typological features that dysfunctionally affect family relationships, although these features may be the reason for the denial of the family's ability to be a substitute. The relevance of the study is due to the need of supplement the structural and semantic components of the psychological diagnosis of potential parents in foster families. The empirical study was conducted on the basis of the Odessa Regional Center for Social Services for Families, Children and Youth, a territorial division of the Odessa Regional State Administration. In testing took a part about 30 applicants for foster parents. With the help of Individual-typological questionnaire LM Sobchyk (ITO) there was created an average statistical portrait of candidates for the role of parents in foster families. They are characterized by a high level of extraversion (48.6%); average level of rigidity (82.9%), aggression (54.3%), anxiety (82.9%), introversion (71.5%), lability (74.3%), sensitivity (62.9%), spontaneity (60%). All these qualities positively characterize all members of the sample and confirm their reliability as potential parents in foster families. These conclusions can be used by psychologists in the selection of candidates for the role of foster parents in foster families, as well as in psychological counseling.


Author(s):  
Rafael Vidal Jiménez

Es tiempo para reflexionar sobre las consecuencias que, para el pensamiento historiográfico, significan los nuevos modos de representación simbólica del tiempo relacionados con los cambios materiales e intelectuales de fin de siglo. Los viejos paradigmas positivistas y estructuralistas, de naturaleza moderna (racionalidad, explicación, objetividad, linealidad, teleología, necesidad, normativismo, universalidad), van dando paso a nuevos modelos de construcción del relato histórico según patrones fenomenológico-hermenéuticos (interpretación, ruptura, azar, relativismo, localismo). La crisis de la idea ilustrada de progreso está impulsando una nueva concepción "anti-histórica», en la medida en que la historia se convierte en espacio temporal pluridimensional, ambiguo, efímero, atemporal. El nuevo tiempo de la historia deja de ser proyectivo. ¿No estaremos ante la elaboración simbólica de una experiencia vital verdaderamente ahistóríca? ¿Qué puede representar ello en lo que respecta al cambio social? ¿Paralización? ¿Congelación y perpetuación del nuevo orden? ¿Es posible ya la anticipación del futuro desde un presente desligado de toda secuencia racionalmente inteligible para el sujeto?.It's time to think about the consequences which, to the historiographic though, mean the new ways of symbolic representation of time related to the material and intelectual changes at the end of this century. The old positivist and structuralist paradigms, of modern nature (rationality, explanation, objectivity, lineality, teleology, necessity, universality), are giving way to the new models of construction of the historical discourse following phenomenological-hermeneutical patterns (interpretation, rupture, chance, relativism, localism). The crisis of the enlightened idea of progress is urging a new non-historie conception, as for as history turns inte temporal space which is also multi-dimensional, ambiguous, ephemeral, nontemporal. The new time of history is no longer projecting to the future. Isn´t it possible we are facing a symbolic elaboratlon of a vital experience which is truely nonhistorie? What can it represent in the social change? Can it be paralysation? Can it be freezing and perpetuation of a new order? Is it already possible the anticipation of the future from a present which is detached from any sequence rationaly understandable to the subject?


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Irena Leliūgienė ◽  
Inga Stūglytė – Novickienė ◽  
Angelė Kaušylienė

The article introduces the significance of social worker's assistance to prospective foster parents: a case of an X Lithuanian town. The best place for the child development and improvement is the family. For some reasons not all the children are raised in families. Some children have no possibility to live with their biological families, therefore according to the established legislation, they live in foster homes under the supervision of foster parents or are adopted. Children adoption in our country is regulated by different acts of legislation. The activity of the ombudsperson for children’s rights is governed by the Law on the Ombudsman for Children Rights Protection of the Republic of Lithuania (2000), Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania, Regulations of organization and management of children guardianship (2002), etc. Research <strong>aim</strong> is to analyze the social service worker's assistance to the prospective foster parents. The following objectives to reach our <strong>goal</strong> are presented: to analyze theoretical conception of adoption procedure and enforcement; to discuss the system of the social service workers’ assistance to prospective foster parents; to investigate foster parents' approach towards the social service worker's assistance and to reveal the main problems. <strong>Research methods</strong>: analysis of the scientific literature – scientific analysis of adoption issues. The stages of adoption procedures and the requirements overviewed and analysed are provided; document analysis: documents, acts of legislation, laws and regulations of child adoption regulations are analysed and overviewed; a qualitative study: semi-structured interview, analyzing the foster parents' approach towards the social service workers' assistance; problems and probable solutions are identified. The research results are obtained by content analysis. <strong>The article presents the following generalizations:</strong> 1) adoption is considered as a social process when specific rights and responsibilities are provided to foster parents in order to guarantee the child's safety. In case of inter-country adoption, the adoption opportunities are estimated, the child is prepared for the adoption and the family for the child is selected. At that period foster parents face internal and external factors. Seeking to grant the children rights and smooth adoption process, professional social workers should coordinate it; 2) institution of the Ombudsman for Children Rights of the Republic of Lithuania and State Child Rights Protection and Adoption Service under the Ministry of Social Security and Labour are also engaged in the adoption and foster care; 3) the research results reveal that the biggest problems for prospective foster parents are extensively long adoption period, lack of social service workers' assistance and poor knowledge on the available assistance.


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