The challenges of populism

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Sue Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
The Political ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Political World

This chapter discusses the contextual landscape of populism, considering it through the framework of political culture. A political culture refers to a set of shared views, imaginaries, beliefs, and normative judgements about the political world. The chapter then offers some introductory thoughts on the problematic intersections between community development, democracy, and populism. There are now many criticisms of populism, from a variety of perspectives. But for the purposes of the chapter, the focus is on the ways in which populism undermines civil society. Understanding populist assaults on civil society is important for community development, because civil society provides the habitat in which the various forms of community development operate. To understand how populism threatens civil society, one can begin with the contrast between civil society and populism in regard to pluralism. After analysing convergences and disjunctions, the chapter looks at the ways in which the beliefs and practices of populism challenge community development. It concludes with a brief discussion of community development responses to populism.

scholarly journals POLITICAL SYSTEM AS A CONDITION FOR DEVELOPMENT OF STATE AND LAW

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1803-1805
Author(s):  
Dimitar Spaseski
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Political System ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The People ◽  
Democratic Societies ◽  
The Government

The state has a central place in the political system. Through its structure and positioning the country has the strength to be a unifier of society against its overall division of the various classes and layers, ethnic, cultural and other groups. The legitimacy of all these processes is given by laws that determine the trajectory of all processes and the conditions under which the processes take place. The state, by adopting the highest legal acts such as: the constitution and the laws, achieves one of its most important functions, which is the management of society. The state directs society to promote development, but also punishes and sanction infringements and mistakes. Depending on who exercises power in the state, i.e. whether it belongs to the people, to an individual or to a powerful group, the political system can be determined. The political system in itself includes the overall state relations, the relations in society and the guidelines for the conduct of the policy of the state. A state in which the government is elected by the people through direct elections certainly fulfills the basic requirement for the development of a stable civil society. The political system is one of the sub-systems of the entire civil society. The political system is specific in that all the activities and relations of which it is composed are directed to the state and its functions. The structure of the political system is composed of political and legal norms, political knowledge, political culture and political structure. These elements confirm the strong relationship between the state, the law and the political system. Developed democratic societies can talk about a developed political system that abounds with political culture and democracy. It is the aspiration of our life. Investing in democratic societies we invest in the future of our children. If we separate the subjects of the political system, we will determine that the people are the basis of the political system. All competencies intertwine around people. Political systems are largely dependent not only on the political processes that take place in them every day, but also on the economic performance and the economic power of the states. Economic stagnation or regression in some countries often threatens democracy and its values. We often forget that we cannot speak of the existence of a functioning and well-organized democratic political system without its strong economic support. In conditions of globalization, it is necessary to pay special attention to international positions as the main factor of the political system, for the simple reason that the functions of the state in this process are increasingly narrowing.

A Wider Stage

2021 ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
Michael Llewellyn-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
The Political ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Political World ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
The People ◽  
Constitutional Changes

Venizelos's arrived in Athens in early September 1910. He addressed the people in a major speech in Constitution Square, making clear that he would work with the King, since 'crowned democracy' best fitted the political culture of the Greek people. He looked to the King to lead the reform program. He announced that he would create a new political party from like-minded people committed to new and liberal ideas. For the rest he condemned the failures of the old political world, over emigration, security, agriculture and industry, indeed across the board, and promised better. The speech quickly acquired mythical status, partly for the forthright way in which he squashed hecklers who cried out for fundamental changes in the constitution (i.e. affecting the prerogatives of the Crown). He defended limited constitutional changes. Foreign affairs hardly featured. This debut was rapidly followed by his appointment as prime minister, following the failure of the old party leaders to pick up the baton, and by his confirmation through new elections which gave him the desired majority in parliament. This was a brilliant start to his political career in Greece.

scholarly journals Following Fenno: Learning from Senate Candidates in the Age of Social Media and Party Polarization

The Forum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-170
Author(s):  
David C.W. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Outreach ◽  
American Political Culture ◽  
Political World ◽  
Home Style ◽  
Breaking Work

Abstract Students of American politics are indebted to Richard Fenno’s path-breaking work, Home Style, published four decades ago. But, given the book’s widespread acclaim, few have taken Fenno’s prescription to go back home with members of Congress to heart. In this essay, I echo Fenno’s call for scholars to become participant-observers of the political process while offering the modern “soaker and poker” a guide to the pitfalls and opportunities of pursuing such a research project. I respond to Fenno’s methodological treatise, written as the appendix to Home Style, focusing in particular on gaining access and how to remain publicly engaged while observing a competitive Senate campaign. I discuss how changes in American political culture create additional wrinkles for participant observation that must be considered, especially if scholars chose to remain engaged in public outreach. I conclude by addressing the need to consider carefully the ethics of engaging the political world we study, particularly in the light of the Stanford-Dartmouth experiment scandal rocking Montana in the weeks preceding the state’s 2014 judicial elections. We may not all do participant observation, but we should follow Fenno when considering the implications of interfering in the political world as we study it.

scholarly journals Political Culture and Civil Society in Algeria: Problematic relationship

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-49
Author(s):  
أ.عمر عبد الله مرزوقي ◽  
أ.م.فايزة ميلود صحراوي
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Cultural Factor ◽  
The Political ◽  
Problematic Relationship ◽  
Consolidation Phase ◽  
Democracy Building ◽  
The Relationship

In light of what constitutes the cultural factor from a great importance in the context of the incorporation of an active and participant civil society in the process of democracy- building and the achievement of political development, this article tries to look at the concept of the political culture and the civil society with the stand on the nature of existing relationship between them in its theoretical part, then the move to dissection of the civil society crisis in Algeria under the prevalent cultural values for understanding the relationship between the two variables in its empirical part, as a step towards the detection on the pivoting of democratic values in activating the political participation and attainment the democratic consolidation phase.

scholarly journals The Political Culture of Russian Society (Sociological Analysis)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir K. Levashov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
National Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
The Russian Federation

The monograph presents the results of sociological research on the project “The political culture of the Russian society in the transition to a new technological structure and implementation Of the strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation and the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation from 07.05.2018 № 204 «On national goals and strategic objectives of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024»”. The all-Russian survey was conducted in May-June 2019 in 22 regions of the Russian Federation. The study of the structure and nature of citizens’ opinions on national development goals and digital society shows that the Russian society has formed the initial elements of the fundamental components of an innovative political culture: knowledge, beliefs and attitudes for the actual behavior of citizens in terms of the introduction and use of information and communication technologies and the implementation of national projects. The problematic situation is identified and described in the monograph, according to the author, requires a thought-out and verified program of political actions, both on the part of the Government of the Russian Federation and on the part of civil society institutions in order to create a high cognitive, labor motivation in this strategically decisive area of life of the Russian society. The urgency, scale and complexity of the tasks require the unification of the efforts of civil society with a leading role and strategic coordination of state actions. The monograph summarizes the results of sociological research on topical issues on the agenda of Russian society and the state, and can be useful for management personnel of state and municipal administration, production organizers, managers of social and educational institutions, researchers, University teachers, graduate students and students.

Revisiting the Role of the President during Caretaker Government in Ensuring Credible Free Elections in Bangladesh

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Masudul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
The Political

AbstractThe holding of free, fair, and credible elections in Bangladesh remains a big challenge. In an effort to ensure credible, free and fair elections, the Constitution was amended, known as the Constitution (Thirteenth Amendment) Act 1996. This provided some extraordinary powers to the titular President without mechanisms of proper accountability. This paper critically analyses the provisions of this amendment, particularly the role of the President. We argue that this innovation in holding election is itself unconstitutional. In light of the experiences from the events leading to the declaration of emergency, the role of the President during the caretaker mode needs to be re-examined. It argues that formal provisions of the constitution through important but successful enforcement of constitutional provisions, including holding free and fair elections, largely depends on political culture and the willingness of the political parties, including civil society, to abide by those formal provisions along with their spirit.

scholarly journals RELASI BUDAYA ORGANISASI DAN POLITIK TERHADAP SUKSESI REFORMASI BIROKRASI

PERSPEKTIF ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudi Salam Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Bureaucratic Reform

Bureaucratic reform requires the creation of good governance, namely the process of interaction between state institutions to the community derived from elements of civil society in order to perform the construction and establishment of good governance. In the practice to achieve Good Governance found "stagnation" due to the political culture of the organization and not show his support for a succession of bureaucratic reform. This study will look at organizational culture and political relations to the establishment of Good Governance in Indonesia. The method used is descriptive evaluative with the type of qualitative research. The results showed that organizational culture and politics play a major role in the"stagnant" succession of reforms would require strong leadership and visionary in order to oversee the achievement of a succession of bureaucratic reform in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Nahdlatul Ulama Dalam Pusaran Politik: Sebuah Otokriktik Orientasi NU Dalam Politik Perspektif Insider

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Mahathir Muhammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
The Political ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Political World ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The World ◽  
Practical Politics ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
Mass Organization ◽  
The Government

A healthy and strong democratic state does not only require a strong political world. Of course, it is important to have a strong party, a strong leader, and a strong government. However, democracy also requires civil society which is also healthy and strong. In the political science literature, the political world and civil society are distinguished by political positions. The world of politics is the political territory of citizens who are prepared to fight for positions of government. The main vehicle is a political party. Meanwhile, civil society is the area of activity for citizens outside the government. The main vehicle is mass organizations. Deliberately, the world of civil society did not want to take part in the power struggle for the position of government. They deliberately chose a position outside the government to control the government. NU is expected to be in this position. Who always kept his distance from the world of practical politics and power. That way, the independence of NU as an authoritative mass organization is maintained.

scholarly journals Public deliberative discourse as an instrument for political modernization

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
O. O. Demyanenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Political System ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Consciousness ◽  
Deliberative Discourse ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Political Modernization

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of public deliberative discourse as one of the leading instruments for political modernization. The emphasis is placed on the fact that deliberative communication became possible in practical terms as a result of consolidation of postmodern as a world outlook. It is emphasized that deliberative discourse is a communicative act of equal members, aimed at achieving a compromise in the form of a concrete public decision. The author argues that deliberative discourse contributes to the strengthening of civil society, which, in turn, acts as a kind of trigger for political modernization. After all, the consolidated community is better aware of its own interests, properly formulates common requirements and communicates them to the state and other political institutions. Deliberation offers a new interpretation of rationality, legitimacy, publicity, etc. Public policy is a sphere of partnership interaction of public entities, including the state as a carrier of political power and civil society as a carrier of communication power. It is systematically proved that deliberative discourse has a complex effect on the political system, which is objectified at the level of its individual components. Political modernization is understood as the logical existential deployment of the political system, which states the dynamics and denies the static of the latter. In the course of a deliberative discourse, changes take place in the political consciousness of a citizen, emotional expressions turn into logical and rational beliefs. It is argued that inclusiveness, equality and transparency of deliberative measures allow a citizen to become an active actor of public policy, suggesting a new political culture. Changing values provokes a new way of action. Therefore, a delibearative political culture leads to a new format of political relations – cooperation. As a result, a number of changes take place at the institutional level (the public administration model and its tools are updated). That is how the paradigm of good governance is strengthened and the e-governance method is activated. Modernization measures at the level of political consciousness and culture, political relations and institutions with necessity lead to the improvement of the normative and legal basis for the functioning of the political sphere of public life.

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