Ball milling effect on structural and magnetic properties of Ni–Mn–Ga ferromagnetic nanoparticles

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 2071-2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaliyan Vallal Peruman ◽  
Manickam Mahendran
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Internal Stress ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Milling Duration ◽  
Average Internal Stress ◽  
Hard Magnetic Properties

The off-stoichiometric Ni2MnGa ferromagnetic alloys are one of the active materials that are of great interest when they are ball milled into nanopowder. These powders are prospective materials for nanosystem applications. However, the properties of the nano-crystalline Ni–Mn–Ga alloys depend strongly on their structure and internal stress, which develop during the milling process. Ni–Mn–Ga nanoparticles were prepared by ball-milling method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. The powders are found to be a disordered mixture structure of austenite and martensite. We calculated that an average internal stress is 0.28 to 2.05 MPa stored in the distorted lattice due to milling. Reduction in particle sizes is accompanied by increase of the lattice strain level when the milling time increases. The VSM reveals that magnetic saturation and coercivity decrease with increase of the milling duration. This phenomenon causes deterioration in the hard magnetic properties.

Processing of Nano Hydroxyapatite from Eggshell and Seashell

2010 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gréta Gergely ◽  
Ferenc Wéber ◽  
Mihály Tóth ◽  
Attila Lajos Tóth ◽  
Zsolt E. Horváth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Attrition Milling ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was successfully produced from recycled eggshell, seashell and phosphoric acid by using two different type of milling method (attrition milling and ball milling). According to the analysis, the attrition milling resulted nanosize HAp even after milling, while the ball milling process provided HAp only after a 400oC, 2 h long heat treatment. The grain size in both cases were approximately preserved during the heat treatment. The effect of temperature on stoichiometry, morphology and crystallinity of HAp powders were investigated. The structures of the HAp were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microsopy.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Ce14Fe78Co2B6 Nanopowders Prepared by Ball Milling at Low Temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Marian Grigoras ◽  
Mihaela Lostun ◽  
Firuta Borza ◽  
Marieta Porcescu ◽  
George Stoian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hard Magnetic Properties ◽  
Uniform Particle Size ◽  
Microstructure And Magnetic Properties

Ce14Fe78Co2B6 nanopowders with hard-magnetic properties have been successfully prepared by ball milling at low temperatures in liquid nitrogen. The morphology, structure, and magnetic properties of Ce14Fe78Co2B6 powders have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometry, respectively. It was found that powder ball milling at low temperature in liquid nitrogen, has the advantage that the oxidation of powders is inhibited and the particles rapidly reach nanometric dimensions. In comparison to the Ce14Fe78Co2B6 powders prepared by ball milling at room temperature, the powders milled at low temperature present a more uniform particle size and no rare-earth oxides, which leads thus to remarkable magnetic properties. The nanocrystalline Ce14Fe78Co2B6 powders with optimum characteristics, prepared at low temperature, have the size of 153 nm or less, present a coercivity of 5.1 kOe, and a saturation magnetization of 113 emu/g after milling for 6 h at low temperature. Low temperature milling may become a promising technique for the fabrication of high performance powders used for permanent magnets preparation.

The Impact of Preparation Techniques on the Properties of Magnesium Aluminate Spinel

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1460-1466
Author(s):  
Fahad Albanumay ◽  
Basheer Alshamari ◽  
Naif Alqahtani ◽  
Haytham Alodan ◽  
Turky Alopily ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Magnesium Aluminate ◽  
Magnesium Aluminate Spinel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Dry Mixing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Preparation Techniques ◽  
Sintered Product

In this work, two different methods namely; dry mixing and ball milling followed by the cold isostatic press were employed to synthesize Magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4). The phase diffraction and morphological characteristic of the sintered product were analyzed using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The Archimedes principle for determining viscosity and porosity of MgAl2O4. The main aim of this study to compare preparation techniques on the properties of the final spinel product. The results show that the ball milling method has an advantage over the dry mixing technique. In this technique, bigger crystals, well-compacted grains, higher density, and lesser reduction size and porosity were observed. an increase in the period of milling process was found to improve all these characteristics of MgAl2O4 spinel.

Structural Evaluation of Ti-22.2Si-11.1B Powders Milled with PCA Addition

2008 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Gilbert Silva ◽  
Erika Coaglia Trindade Ramos ◽  
N.S. da Silva ◽  
Alfeu Saraiva Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Argon Atmosphere ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structural Evaluation ◽  
Equilibrium Structures ◽  
Scanning Electron

A large amount of the Ti6Si2B compound can be formed by mechanical alloying and subsequent heat treatment from the elemental Ti-22.2at%Si-11.1at%B powder mixture, but the yield powder after ball milling is reduced due to an excessive agglomeration of ductile particles on the balls and vial surfaces. This work reports on the structural evaluation of Ti-22.2at%Si-11.1at%B powders milled with PCA addition, varying its amount between 1 and 2 wt-%. The milling process was carried out in a planetary ball mill under argon atmosphere, and the milled powders were then heated at 1200oC for 1h under Ar atmosphere in order to obtain equilibrium structures. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal analysis. Results revealed that the PCA addition reduced the excessive agglomeration during the ball milling of Ti-22.2at-%Si-11.1at-%B powders. After heating at 1200oC for 1h, the Ti5Si3, Ti3O and/or Ti2C phases were preferentially formed in Ti-22.2at%Si-11.1at%B powders milled with PCA addition, and the Ti6Si2B formation was inhibited.

High-Energy Ball Milling and Sintering of Ti-2Ta-22Si-11B and Ti-6Ta-22Si-11B Powders Mixtures

2014 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Moreira Ferreira ◽  
Luciano Braga Alkmin ◽  
Érika C.T. Ramos ◽  
Carlos Angelo Nunes ◽  
Alfeu Saraiva Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Equilibrium Structures ◽  
Rotary Speed ◽  
Steel Balls

The milling process of elemental Ti-2Ta-22Si-11B and Ti-6Ta-22Si-11B (at-%) powder mixtures were performed in a planetary Fritsch P-5 ball mill using stainless steel vials (225 mL) and hardened steel balls (19 mm diameter). Ball-to-powder weight ratio of 10:1 and a rotary speed of 300 rpm were adopted, varying the milling time. Wet milling (isopropyl alcohol) for 20 more minutes was used to increase the yield powder in to the vial. Following the Ti-Ta-Si-B powders milled for 600 min were heat-treated at 1100°C for 1 h in order to obtain the equilibrium structures. The milled powders and heat-treated samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. Supersaturated Ti solid solutions were formed during ball milling of Ti-Ta-Si-B powders while that the Ti5Si3 phase was formed after milling for 620 min of the Ta-richer powder mixture only. The particles sizes were initially increased during the initial milling times, and the wet milling provided the yield powder into the vials. A large amount of pores was found in both the sintered samples which presented the formation of the TiSS,(ss-solid solution) Ti6Si2B and TiB.

Microstructure and Oxidation Resistance of Mechanically Alloyed and Sintered Ni-Nb and Ni-Nb-Ta Alloys

2017 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Lucas Moreira Ferreira ◽  
Stephania Capellari Rezende ◽  
Antonio Augusto Araújo Pinto da Silva ◽  
Gael Yves Poirier ◽  
Gilberto Carvalho Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
Static Oxidation ◽  
Energy Ball

The present work reports on the microstructure and oxidation resistance of Ni-25Nb, Ni-20Nb-5Ta and Ni-15Nb-10Ta alloys produced by high-energy ball milling and subsequent sintering. The sintered samples were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectrometry, and static oxidation tests. Homogeneous microstructures of the binary and ternary alloys indicated the major presence of the β-Ni3Nb compound as matrix, which dissolved large amounts of tantalum. Consequently, the β-Ni3Nb peaks moved toward the direction of smaller diffraction angles. Iron contamination lower than 6.7 at.-% was detected by EDS analysis, which were picked-up during the previous ball milling process. After the static oxidation tests (1100°C for 4 h) the sintered Ni-25Nb, Ni-20Nb-5Ta and Ni-15Nb-10Ta alloys presented mass gains of 31.5%, 30.5% and 28.8%, respectively. Despite the higher densification of the Ni-15Nb-10Ta alloy, the results suggested that the tantalum addition contributed to improve the oxidation resistance of the β-Ni3Nb compound.

SYNTHESIS OF NANO-CRYSTALLINE Cu-Cr ALLOY BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING

2012 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
pp. 496-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SHEIBANI ◽  
S. HESHMATI-MANESH ◽  
A. ATAIE
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
High Energy Ball Mill ◽  
Energy Ball

In this paper, the influence of toluene as the process control agent (PCA) and pre-milling on the extension of solid solubility of 7 wt.% Cr in Cu by mechanical alloying in a high energy ball mill was investigated. The structural evolution and microstructure were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, respectively. The solid solution formation at different conditions was analyzed by copper lattice parameter change during the milling process. It was found that both the presence of PCA and pre-milling of Cr powder lead to faster dissolution of Cr . The mean crystallite size was also calculated and showed to be about 10 nm after 80 hours of milling.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature on the Performance of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Prepared by High-Temperature Ball-Milling Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Tian ◽  
Xuetian Li ◽  
Zhongbao Shao ◽  
Fengman Shen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Milling Temperature

Aiming at the preparation of high electrochemical performance LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material for lithium-ion battery, LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was prepared with lithium carbonate, nickel (II) oxide, cobalt (II, III) oxide, and manganese dioxide as raw materials by high-temperature ball-milling method. Influence of ball-milling temperature was investigated in this work. It was shown that the fine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 powder with high electrochemical performance can be produced by the high-temperature ball-milling process, and the optimal ball-milling temperature obtained in the current study was 750°C. Its initial discharge capacity was 146.0 mAhg−1 at the rate of 0.1 C, and over 50 cycles its capacity retention rate was 90.2%.

Mechanically Driven Alloying and Magnetic Properties in Immiscible Mn80Bi20 Nanocrystalline Powders

2013 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Min Xu ◽  
Qun Jiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Saturation Magnetization ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Solid Solubility ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Nanocrystalline Powders ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

The paper has described the formation of nanocrystalline Mn80Bi20powders by mechanical alloying and studied the changes of structure and magnetic properties of the powders during the process of ball milling by using X-ray diffraction and saturation magnetization σsmeasurements. The solid solubility of bismuth in manganese increases with milling time and tends to a stable value after 80h milling. The σsof Mn80Bi20increases abruptly with milling time at the early stage and begins to decrease after 15h. At the time of 15h, the σsreaches a maximum, which is about 7Am2/kg. The result shows an interesting information that the antiferromagnetic Mn and the diamagnetic Bi produce ferromagnetic Mn80Bi20in process of mechanical alloying.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document