Trophic Scaling and Occupancy Analysis Reveals a Lion Population Limited by Top-Down Anthropogenic Pressure in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique

Abstract Gala Lake National Park that has an international importance is one of the most important wetland ecosystems for Turkey. As same as many aquatic habitats, Gala Lake is under a significant anthropogenic pressure originated from agricultural activities conducted around the lake and from industrial discharges by means of Ergene River. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sediment quality of Gala Lake and Irrigation Canal by investigating some toxic element accumulations (As, B, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu) from a statistical perspective. Pearson Correlation Index (PCI) and Factor Analysis (FA) were applied to detected data in order to determine the associated contaminants and effective factors on the system. Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI) and Biological Risk Index based sediment quality guidelines (mERM-Q) applied to detected data in order to assess the ecological and biological risks of heavy metals in the ecosystem. Also Geographic Information System (GIS) technology was used to make visual explanations by presenting distribution maps of investigated elements. According to the results of PCI, significant positive correlations were recorded among the investigated toxic elements at 0.01 significance level. According to the results of FA, two factors, which were named as “Agricultural Factor” and “Industrial Factor”, explained 86.6% of the total variance. According to the results of Potential Ecological Risk Index, cadmium was found to be the highest risk factor and according to results of Biological Risk Index, nickel and chromium were found to be the highest risk factors for Gala Lake and Irrigation Canal. As a result of the present study, it was also determined that heavy metal contents in sediments of Gala Lake National Park reached to critical levels and the system is intensively under effect of agricultural and industrial originated pollution.

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RIQUEZA ESPECÍFICA EM ÁREAS DE CAMPO NATIVO IMPACTADAS POR VISITAÇÃO TURÍSTICA E PASTEJO NO PARQUE NACIONAL DOS CAMPOS GERAIS, PR

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v41i2.22762 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Karine Dalazoana ◽

Rosemeri Segecin Moro

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

National Park ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Species Number ◽

Anthropogenic Pressure ◽

Grassland Community ◽

Campos De Altitude ◽

Resistant Species ◽

Native Grassland ◽

Selection Of

O Parque Nacional dos Campos Gerais (PNCG) detém áreas de campos de altitude sob forte pressão antrópica, com a expansão das atividades agrícolas, pecuária, silvicultura e visitação turística desordenada. Devido ao impacto gerado, existe uma tendência à diminuição da riqueza específica, através da seletividade de espécies. Este trabalho analisa a resposta das comunidades campestres em termos de composição de espécies aos impactos de pastejo, roçada e pisoteio humano. Em quatro estações de coleta, foram determinados 107 táxons distribuídos em 23 famílias botânicas. As famílias com maior riqueza específica foram Asteraceae e Poaceae, ambas com 24 táxons, e Fabaceae, com 14 táxons. A riqueza específica variou de 27 a 75 espécies, com maior riqueza na estação não pastejada nem roçada, apenas visitada por turistas. O levantamento mostrou que, apesar da pressão antrópica, as áreas estudadas exibem considerável riqueza específica quando comparadas a outros trabalhos na região, mantendo ainda seu potencial biótico dinâmico. Floristicamente, os impactos gerados por gado ou por manejo com roçadeira se equivalem. Seis gêneros têm potencial para serem utilizados como bioindicadores de áreas conservadas: Croton, Galactia, Periandra, Cuphea, Pavonia e Commelina, mas há necessidade de ampliação das áreas estudadas para estabelecer mais claramente seu valor de bioindicação.Palavras-chave: Campo nativo; Campos Gerais; área impactada; pastejo; visitação turística. AbstractThe species diversity in native grassland areas that are under impact of tourism and grazing at Campos Gerais National Park, Parana, Brazil. Campos Gerais National Park (PNCG) has areas of grassland under high anthropogenic pressure, as expansion of agricultural activities, livestock, forestry and disorderly tourism. Due to these impacts, there is a tendency to decrease local biodiversity by selection of more resistant species. This paper focuses the grassland community answers to mowing, grazing and tourism. In four sampling sites it was determined 107 taxa belonging to 23 botanic families. The main families are Asteraceae (24 taxa), Poaceae (24 taxa) and Fabaceae (14 taxa). Species diversity varied from 27 to 75 species. In relation to species number, non-grazed areas presented greater diversity than other ones; it points to that touristic visitation may cause lower impact than grazing or mowing. In spite of the anthropogenic factors, the focused sites presented high specific diversity in relation to related areas. In relation to species diversity, grazing or mowing are equal. Six genera presented potentiality as bioindicators of preserved environments: Croton, Galactia, Periandra, Cuphea, Pavonia, and Commelina, although more sample areas are necessary to reliable results.Keywords: Grasslands; Campos Gerais; impacted area; grazing; touristic activities.

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Birds Without Borders

Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences ◽

10.1525/hsns.2020.50.4.433 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 433-455

Author(s):

Lino Camprubí

Keyword(s):

Small Group ◽

National Park ◽

Special Issue ◽

Top Down ◽

Science Diplomacy ◽

The World ◽

Large Project ◽

Environmental Diplomacy ◽

Ecological Dimension

The Spanish Doñana Biological Station, inaugurated in 1964, poses two historiographical puzzles. First, it was the first large project of the World Wildlife Fund, which is usually seen as a response to the very specific post-imperial challenges of African parks. Second, it was the first non-alpine park in Spain, and although it was designed and inaugurated in the midst of Francisco Franco’s nationalist dictatorship, it was an explicitly transnational project. This paper approaches Doñana’s unique story through the concept of ecological diplomacy. It points to the diplomatic strategies mobilized by a small group of ecologists with managerial and financial skills. Promoting Doñana, British ornithologists presented it as an African wilderness, which created tensions with Spanish ecologists, themselves colonial scientists. Ecological diplomacy, moreover, refers to a characteristic period between conservation diplomacy and environmental diplomacy. In it, conservation was understood as the top-down management of foreign territories for research purposes. While this can be partly understood as the globalization of the Swiss model for conservation, it arrived in Spain through the mediation of the French Tour du Valat station and of English ecology. Finally, stressing the ecological dimension of this type of conservation diplomacy helps in studying the role of the science of ecology and its transformations. As Doñana became a national park, the WWF’s early emphasis on research was replaced by a new attention to recreation. Max Nicholson’s participation in the International Biology Program granted him an opportunity to favor this model when Doñana became a national park. This essay is part of a special issue entitled Science Diplomacy, edited by Giulia Rispoli and Simone Turchetti.

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Białowieża Forest (Ne-Poland) and Valday Np ( Nw-Russia) – Biogeographical Characteristics of Eutrophic Deciduous Forests

Quaestiones Geographicae ◽

10.2478/quageo-2014-0034 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 111-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jan Marek Matuszkiewicz ◽

Elena Bielonowska ◽

Anna Kowalska ◽

Nadjeżda Cariewska ◽

Jarosław Baranowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Deciduous Forests ◽

Anthropogenic Pressure ◽

The Past ◽

The North ◽

Ne Poland ◽

North Eastern ◽

Białowieża National Park ◽

Eastern Border

Abstract During geobotanical studies in the north-eastern border of hemi-boreal zone, in Valday (NW Russia), rare eutrophic deciduous forests dominated by oak Quercus robur were observed. A comparison of these forests with the model of European deciduous forest in Białowieża National Park (NE-Poland) indicates a great similarity. Therefore, eutrophic deciduous forests in Valday can be classified to the Querco-Fagetea class, the Fagetalia sylvaticae order and to the Capinion betuli alliance, despite the absence of hornbeam Carpinus betulus in the region. Rarity of eutrophic deciduous forests in Valday region results probably from strong anthropogenic pressure in the past.

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Dynamique des peuplements ligneux dans le Parc National de Manda, au sud du Tchad

Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences ◽

10.35759/janmplsci.v42-1.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42.1 ◽

pp. 7139-7152

Author(s):

Guiguindibaye MADJIMBE ◽

Goy SARADOUM ◽

Touroumgaye GOALBAYE ◽

Esaïe WAYA ◽

Jonathan POUNAKOUMNA

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Basal Area ◽

Average Density ◽

Anthropogenic Pressure ◽

Average Volume ◽

Specific Composition ◽

Gradual Evolution ◽

Standing Timber ◽

Composition Spécifique ◽

Structure Des Peuplements

1 RÉSUMÉ La présente étude a pour but d’étude la dynamique des peuplements ligneux dans le Parc National de Manda. Elle vise à déterminer les caractéristiques structurales, la composition spécifique et la régénération des peuplements ligneux. Quatre sites ont été implantés depuis 2012. Nous avons procédé à la caractérisation des peuplements ligneux par des relevés dendrométriques. La flore ligneuse dans l’ensemble des sites est riche de 87 espèces reparties en 56 genres et 22 familles. Les sites 1 et 2 ont des effectifs plus élevés en 2019 comparativement en 2014 et en 2012. Une forte régénération s’est effectuée durant l’année 2019. Contrairement aux sites, 1 et 2, les sites 3 et 4 présentent pour l’année 2019 une forte baisse des effectifs de jeunes plants. Ces jeunes plants sont très sensibles non seulement à la disponibilité des ressources en eau pour franchir la saison sèche mais aussi à l’intensité et à la fréquence de passage des feux. Les résultats ont permis de noter que la densité moyenne entre 2012 et 2014 s’est accrue et à partir de 2014 elle s’est stabilisée. La surface terrière par hectare est, en moyenne de 10,12 m2/ha pour 2012 ; 11,16 m2/ha pour l’année 2014 et de 11, 65 m2/ha pour l’année 2019. Pour l’ensemble des sites expérimentaux, on évalue le volume moyen de bois sur pieds à 12,31 m3/ha en 2012, à 12,46 m3/ha en 2014 et 12,08 m3/ha en 2019. Ces valeurs indiquent que les variations de volume moyen de bois sur pieds sont très faibles pour les sites pris dans leur ensemble. Les résultats obtenus, montrent aussi que 8 espèces se situent dans un processus d’évolution régressive et 4 autres dans un processus d’évolution progressive. La structure des peuplements ligneux n’a pas beaucoup évolué en 8 ans mais, elle apparaît fortement tributaire de la topographie et de la pression anthropique. ABSTRACT Dynamic of the woody populations in the National Park of Manda, to the south of Chad The purpose of this study is to study the dynamics of woody stands in the Manda National Park. It aims to determine the structure, specific composition and regeneration of woody stands. Four sites have been established since 2012. We have characterized the woody stands by dendrometric surveys. The woody flora in all sites is rich in 87 species divided into 56 genera and 22 families. Sites 1 and 2 have higher numbers in 2019 compared to 2014 and 2012. Strong regeneration took place in 2019. Unlike sites 1 and 2, sites 3 and 4 present for the year 2019 a sharp decline in the number of young plants; these seedlings are very sensitive not only to the availability of water resources to cross the dry season but also to the intensity and frequency of fire. The results showed that the average density between 2012 and 2014 increased and from 2014 it stabilized. The basal area per hectare is, on average, 10.12 m2 / ha for 2012; 11.16 m2 / ha for the year 2014 and 11, 65 m2 / ha for the year 2019. For all the experimental sites, the average volume of standing timber is estimated at 12.31 m3/ ha in 2012, 12.46 m3 / ha in 2014 and 12.08 m3 / ha in 2019. These values indicate that variations in average volume of standing timber are very low for sites taken as a whole. The results obtained also show that 8 species are in a process of regressive evolution and 10 in a process of gradual evolution. The structure of woody stands has not changed much in 8 years, but it appears highly dependent on topography and anthropogenic pressure.

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Development and Application of Earth Observation Based Machine Learning Methods for Characterizing Forest and Land Cover Change in Dilijan National Park of Armenia between 1991 and 2019

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13152942 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 2942

Author(s):

Nathalie Morin ◽

Antoine Masse ◽

Christophe Sannier ◽

Martin Siklar ◽

Norman Kiesslich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Land Use ◽

Land Cover ◽

National Park ◽

Forest Degradation ◽

Forest Monitoring ◽

Anthropogenic Pressure ◽

Learning Methods ◽

Forest Density ◽

Machine Learning Methods

Dilijan National Park is one of the most important national parks of Armenia, established in 2002 to protect its rich biodiversity of flora and fauna and to prevent illegal logging. The aim of this study is to provide first, a mapping of forest degradation and deforestation, and second, of land cover/land use changes every 5 years over a 28-year monitoring cycle from 1991 to 2019, using Sentinel-2 and Landsat time series and Machine Learning methods. Very High Spatial Resolution imagery was used for calibration and validation purposes of forest density modelling and related changes. Correlation coefficient R2 between forest density map and reference values ranges from 0.70 for the earliest epoch to 0.90 for the latest one. Land cover/land use classification yield good results with most classes showing high users’ and producers’ accuracies above 80%. Although forest degradation and deforestation which initiated about 30 years ago was restrained thanks to protection measures, anthropogenic pressure remains a threat with the increase in settlements, tourism, or agriculture. This case study can be used as a decision-support tool for the Armenian Government for sustainable forest management and policies and serve as a model for a future nationwide forest monitoring system.

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Space Use by Woolly Wolf Canis lupus chanco in Gangotri National Park, Western Himalaya, India

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.3389/fevo.2021.782339 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Ranjana Pal ◽

Anshu Panwar ◽

Surendra Prakash Goyal ◽

Sambandam Sathyakumar

Keyword(s):

Canis Lupus ◽

Activity Pattern ◽

National Park ◽

Prey Availability ◽

Positive Association ◽

Space Use ◽

Western Himalaya ◽

Livestock Grazing ◽

Anthropogenic Pressure ◽

Data Set

The woolly wolf Canis lupus chanco is increasingly being accepted as a unique taxon that needs immediate protection and management; however, information on its ecology remains limited across its range. We used camera trapping data set of 4 years (2015–2019) to investigate seasonal activity patterns and space use and assessed woolly wolf food habits in the Gangotri National Park, western Himalaya, India. We used generalized linear mixed models to assess the distribution of the wolf about prey, seasonal livestock grazing, human presence, habitat, and seasons. We observed a positive association with elevation and a negative response to an increase in ruggedness. The capture of wolves increased in winters, indicating a possible effect of snow on the ranging pattern. Spatial avoidance to anthropogenic pressure was not evident in our study; however, temporal avoidance was observed. The activity pattern of the wolf varied among seasons. Wolves were mostly active in the morning and late evening hours in summer and showed a diurnal activity pattern in winter. A less diverse diet was observed where the mean percentage frequency of occurrence and relative biomass was highest for bharal, followed by livestock. Himalayan marmot Marmota himalayana, birds, and rodents also form minor constituents to the diet. Synthesizing all three factors (space, diet, and activity), it may be stated that the wolf presence in the region is influenced by both wild prey availability and seasonality. Therefore, conservation of woolly wolves would require securing a vast landscape with optimal wild prey.

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Dnister river canyon in the national park

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Geography ◽

10.17721/1728-2721.2016.64.4 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

V. Getman

Keyword(s):

Cultural Values ◽

National Park ◽

Hydropower Station ◽

Anthropogenic Pressure ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Protected Territory ◽

Recreational Resources

There have been raised several questions about saving natural, historical and cultural values of the territory of national park “Dnister river canyon” in this article. Also, this work highlights historical and natural conditions of canyon’s formation. Landscape, aesthetic and recreational resources of Dnister river canyon are incomparable among the territory of Ukraine. That is why it is important to save it from massive anthropogenic pressure. On of the stresses is a planned construction of upper Dnister river cascade hydropower station on the protected territory of national park “Dnister river canyon”.

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Synanthropization of riparian plant communities in the Ojców National Park (Southern Poland)

Biodiversity Research and Conservation ◽

10.1515/biorc-2016-0020 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 35-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anna Sołtys-Lelek ◽

Beata Barabasz-Krasny ◽

Katarzyna Możdżeń

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Riparian Forests ◽

Anthropogenic Pressure ◽

Natural Forests ◽

Alluvial Forests ◽

Synanthropic Species ◽

Riparian Plant Communities ◽

Riparian Communities

Abstract Although riparian forests are still common in Europe, their variants - similar to natural forests - are rare. They are, as communities, early stages of forest-shrub succession, particularly vulnerable to the expansion of neophytes for which they are an important type of vegetation that enables their spread. In the Ojców National Park (ON P), these types of phytocoenoses are heavily influenced by anthropogenic pressure. The preservation of their biodiversity is particularly difficult because of the fragmentation and small area occupied by the Park - just 2.89 ha. There have been no data on synanthropization of ON P riparian forests until now. The ‘conservation status’ of these communities was determined by examining the degree of anthropophyte participation in their floristic composition. This determination is necessary to take effective preventive measures. In 2012-2014, phytosociological studies were carried out on the ON P riparian communities. A particular attention was paid to the presence and quantitative participation of alien species in research plots. The obtained results revealed that there were 189 plant species in alluvial forests of the ON P, including 80 synanthropic species. The group of synanthropes comprised 32 anthropophytes: 5 diaphytes, 9 archaeophytes and 18 kenophytes.

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Perencanaan Pengembangan Wisata Desa Edelweis Berbasis Masyarakat (Studi pada Balai Besar Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru)

Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik ◽

10.21776/ub.jiap.2020.006.03.11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 006 (03) ◽

pp. 423-430

Author(s):

Tri Wiyanto

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Tourism Development ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Top Down ◽

Community Based ◽

Planning Support ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

Village People ◽

Funding Support ◽

Corporate Social

One of the efforts of the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP) Office for conservation Edelweiss, which is through community-based Edelweiss village tourism development. The purpose of this research are to analyze the planning, supporting and restricting factors of community-based Edelweis village tourism development at BTSNP Office. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The results showed that the top down planning went well enough. While the bottom up planning shows that community participation has not been maximized. Supporting factors include Edelweis' needs by the Wonokitri and Ngadisari Village people, leadership policies, and funding support from BTSNP Office and Bank Indonesia Corporate Social Responsibility. While the restricting factors include awareness and motivation of the Wonokitri and Ngadisari Village people were relatively lacking, unavailability of functional planner at BTSNP Office, unavailability planning support in the RPJMD of Pasuruan and Probolinggo Regency Government, and existence of sectoral egos and management priority differences.

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