scholarly journals Selection of a Biosafety Level 1 (BSL-1) surrogate to evaluate surface disinfection efficacy in Ebola outbreaks: Comparison of four bacteriophages

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0177943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Gallandat ◽  
Daniele Lantagne
Keyword(s):  
Surface Disinfection ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Biosafety Level ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals PROSEDUR PENGGUNAAN ALAT PERLINDUNGAN DIRI DAN BIOSAFETY LEVEL 1 DAN 2

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Amertha Putra Manuaba Putra Manuaba
Keyword(s):  
Level 1 ◽  
Biosafety Level

scholarly journals Exploring the potential for collaborative use of an app-based platform for n-of-1 trials among healthcare professionals that treat patients with insomnia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Bobe ◽  
Jessica K. De Freitas ◽  
Benjamin S. Glicksberg
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Data Driven Decisions ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractBackgroundN-of-1 trials are single patient, multiple crossover, comparative effectiveness experiments. Despite their rating as “level 1” evidence, they are not routinely used in clinical medicine to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments.ObjectiveWe explored the potential for implementing a mobile app-based n-of-1 trial platform for collaborative use by clinicians and patients to support data-driven decisions around the treatment of insomnia.MethodsA survey assessing awareness and utilization of n-of-1 trials was administered to healthcare professionals that frequently treat patients with insomnia at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City. 1M electronic health records were analyzed to evaluate evidence for a comorbid relationship between insomnia and dementia or Alzheimer’s disease among a patient population that may benefit from n-of-1 trials for the selection of optimal sleep treatments.ResultsA total of 45 healthcare professionals completed the survey and were included in the analysis. We found that 64% of healthcare professionals surveyed had not heard of n-of-1 trials. After a brief description of these methods, 75% of healthcare professionals reported that they are likely or highly likely to use an app-based n-of-1 trial at least once in the next year if the service were free and easy to offer to their patients.ConclusionsAn app-based n-of-1 trials platform might be a valuable tool for clinicians and patients to identify the best treatments for insomnia. Educational interventions that raise awareness and provide training are also likely necessary. The electronic health record (EHR) may help identify eligible patients.

scholarly journals Rapid Quantification of SARS-CoV-2-Neutralizing Antibodies Using Propagation-Defective Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Pseudotypes

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Zettl ◽  
Toni Luise Meister ◽  
Tanja Vollmer ◽  
Bastian Fischer ◽  
Jörg Steinmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Virus Neutralization ◽  
Pseudotype Virus ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Biosafety Level

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2, a new member of the genus Betacoronavirus, is a pandemic virus, which has caused numerous fatalities, particularly in the elderly and persons with underlying morbidities. At present, there are no approved vaccines nor antiviral therapies available. The detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies plays a crucial role in the assessment of the immune status of convalescent COVID-19 patients, evaluation of recombinant therapeutic antibodies, and the evaluation of novel vaccines. To detect SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies, classically, a virus-neutralization test has to be performed at biosafety level 3, considerably limiting the general use of this test. In the present work, a biosafety level 1 pseudotype virus assay based on a propagation-incompetent vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has been used to determine the neutralizing antibody titers in convalescent COVID-19 patients. The neutralization titers in serum of two independently analyzed patient cohorts were available within 18 h and correlated well with those obtained with a classical SARS-CoV-2 neutralization test (Pearson correlation coefficients of r = 0.929 and r = 0.939, respectively). Most convalescent COVID-19 patients had only low titers of neutralizing antibodies (ND50 < 320). The sera of convalescent COVID-19 patients also neutralized pseudotype virus displaying the SARS-CoV-1 spike protein on their surface, which is homologous to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. In summary, we report a robust virus-neutralization assay, which can be used at low biosafety level 1 to rapidly quantify SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies in convalescent COVID-19 patients and vaccinated individuals.

scholarly journals Chemomicrobiome analysis of the ornithine molecule

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Torshin ◽  
O. A. Gromova ◽  
V. A. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Prebiotic Molecules ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Biosafety Level

Hepatoprotectors and prebiotic molecules that promote the growth of intestinal flora differ significantly in their effects on different representatives of the human microbiome. This work presents the results of a comparative chemomicrobiomic analysis of ornithine and reference molecules (S-ademetionine, ursodeoxycholic acid, lactulose, and fructose). For each of the studied molecules, estimates of the values of the area under the growth curve were obtained for a representative sample of human microbiota, which included 38 commensal bacteria (including bifidobacteria and lactobacilli) and the values of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for 152 strains of pathogenic bacteria. It has been shown that ornithine, to a lesser extent than the reference molecules, stimulates the growth of pathogenic bacteria of the genera Aspergillus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Candida fungi. Ornithine is also less likely to stimulate the growth of more aggressive bacteria (Biosafety Level 2) and to a greater extent less aggressive bacteria (Biosafety Level 1). By stimulating butyric and other short-chain fatty acid-producing microorganisms, ornithine can improve the profile of gut microbiota.

Recent Developments on Seismic PRA

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Coman ◽  
Justin Onisoru
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Fragility ◽  
Seismic Model ◽  
Damage State ◽  
Earthquake Scenario ◽  
State Fragility ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
External Events ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Significant Effort ◽  
Selection Of

Recent developments of the Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) applications have tendency to use one integrated model for Level 1 both internal and external events. In this approach external events logic models are mapped on internal model. Some relevant aspects related to selection of seismic initiating events, seismic sequences, seismic basic events, fragility analysis, development of seismic logic model and seismic quantification are discussed in the paper. Development of seismic model mapped on internal PRA model may require to define seismic basic events (and associated switches) that may replace a group of internal basic events (at the level of system function or top event). Seismic fragility task is very resource intensive especially for high quality SPRA. When more than one seismic scenario is used significant effort can be saved by scaling fragility parameters developed for one earthquake scenario to correspond to the other earthquake scenario. The paper presents some tools developed by the authors capable to perform damage state fragility calculations and fragility scaling.

scholarly journals Milk Flow Rates From Bottle Nipples Used for Feeding Infants Who Are Hospitalized

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt F. Pados ◽  
Jinhee Park ◽  
Suzanne M. Thoyre ◽  
Hayley Estrem ◽  
W. Brant Nix
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Breast Pump ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Wide Neck ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose This study tested the milk flow rates and variability in flow of currently available nipples used for bottle-feeding infants who are hospitalized. Method Clinicians in 3 countries were surveyed regarding nipples available to them for feeding infants who are hospitalized. Twenty-nine nipple types were identified, and 10 nipples of each type were tested by measuring the amount of infant formula expressed in 1 min using a breast pump. Mean milk flow rate (mL/min) and coefficient of variation were used to compare nipples within brand and within category (i.e., Slow, Standard, Premature). Results Flow rates varied widely between nipples, ranging from 2.10 mL/min for the Enfamil Cross-Cut to 85.34 mL/min for the Dr. Brown's Y-Cut Standard Neck. Variability of flow rates among nipples of the same type ranged from a coefficient of variation of 0.05 for Dr. Brown's Level 1 Standard- and Wide-Neck to 0.42 for the Enfamil Cross-Cut. Mean coefficient of variation by brand ranged from 0.08 for Dr. Brown's to 0.36 for Bionix. Conclusions Milk flow is an easily manipulated variable that may contribute to the degree of physiologic instability experienced by infants who are medically fragile during oral feeding. This study provides clinicians with information to guide appropriate selection of bottle nipples for feeding infants who are hospitalized.

scholarly journals Low-methane yield sheep have smaller rumens and shorter rumen retention time

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Goopy ◽  
Alastair Donaldson ◽  
Roger Hegarty ◽  
Philip E. Vercoe ◽  
Fay Haynes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Nutritional Physiology ◽  
Computer Tomography Scanning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tomography Scanning ◽  
Selection Of

In the present study, following the measurement of methane emissions from 160 mature ewes three times, a subset of twenty ewes was selected for further emission and physiological studies. Ewes were selected on the basis of methane yield (MY; g CH4/kg DM intake) being low (Low MY: >1 sd below the mean; n 10) or high (High MY: >1 sd above the mean; n 10) when fed a blended chaff ration at a fixed feeding level (1·2-fold maintenance energy requirements). The difference between the Low- and High-MY groups observed at the time of selection was maintained (P= 0·001) when remeasured 1–7 months later during digesta kinetics studies. Low MY was associated with a shorter mean retention time of particulate (P< 0·01) and liquid (P< 0·001) digesta, less amounts of rumen particulate contents (P< 0·01) and a smaller rumen volume (P< 0·05), but not apparent DM digestibility (P= 0·27) or urinary allantoin excretion (P= 0·89). Computer tomography scanning of the sheep's rumens after an overnight fast revealed a trend towards the Low-MY sheep having more clearly demarcated rumen gas and liquid phases (P= 0·10). These findings indicate that the selection of ruminants for low MY may have important consequences for an animal's nutritional physiology.

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