Association between hair cortisol concentration and dietary intake among normal weight preschool children predisposed to overweight and obesity

Abstract Screen time is increasing rapidly in young children. The aim of this study was to examine associations of long-term stress and temperament with screen time in Finnish preschool children and the moderating role of socioeconomic status. Cross-sectional DAGIS data were utilized. Long-term stress was assessed using hair cortisol concentration, indicating values of the past 2 months. Temperament was reported by the parents using the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (the Very Short Form), and three broad temperament dimensions were constructed: surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control. Screen time was reported by the parents over 7 days. The highest education level in the household was used as an indicator of socioeconomic status. In total, 779 children (mean age, 4.7 ± 0.9 years, 52% boys) were included in the study. Of the temperament dimensions, a higher effortful control was associated with less screen time (B = − 6.70, p = 0.002). There was no evidence for an association between hair cortisol concentration and screen time nor a moderating role of socioeconomic status in the associations (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that preschool children with a higher score in effortful control had less screen time. Because effortful control reflects general self-regulatory abilities, promoting these skills may be effective in reducing screen time in young children. What is Known: • Screen time has increased rapidly during the last decades, and higher screen time has been linked with numerous adverse health consequences in children. • There are no previous studies investigating associations of long-term stress and temperament with screen time in young children. What is New: • Of the temperament dimensions, effortful control was associated with higher screen time in preschool children, but there was no association found between long-term stress and screen time. • Since effortful control reflects general self-regulatory abilities, promoting these skills may be effective in reducing screen time in young children.

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Effects of the Healthy Start randomized intervention trial on physical activity among normal weight preschool children predisposed to overweight and obesity

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0185266 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. e0185266 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mina Nicole Händel ◽

Sofus Christian Larsen ◽

Jeanett Friis Rohde ◽

Maria Stougaard ◽

Nanna Julie Olsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Healthy Start ◽

Intervention Trial ◽

Randomized Intervention

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Accelerated skeletal maturation is associated with overweight and obesity as early as preschool age: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-26959/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

DanDan Ke ◽

Dajiang Lu ◽

Guang Cai ◽

Jing Zhang ◽

Xiaofei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Body Mass ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Skeletal Age ◽

Individual Growth ◽

Skeletal Maturation ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Body mass index and skeletal age are important indicators of individual growth and maturation. The recognition of their association could contribute to the prevention of childhood obesity and accelerated skeletal maturation. This study aimed to examine the effects of overweight and obesity on accelerated skeletal maturation in preschool children. Methods: Participants included 1330 children aged 3.1-6.6 years. The main outcomes were skeletal age assessed by left hand-wrist radiograph, and body mass index classified as thinness, normal weight, overweight and obesity. Results: The percentage of accelerated skeletal maturation increased with body mass index ( x 2 = 89.442, df = 3, P <0.01) and age group ( x 2 = 43.417, df = 5, P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed a higher risk of accelerated skeletal maturation in children with overweight and obesity than children with normal weight after adjusting for gender and age (Overweight, OR = 3.27, 95% CI : 2.20-4.87; Obese, OR = 4.73, 95% CI : 2.99-7.48). Conclusions: Accelerated skeletal maturation was associated with overweight and obesity in preschool children, and its prevalence increased with age. These findings suggest that parents and child-health managers should be aware of an existing risk of accelerated skeletal maturation in preschool children with overweight and obesity.

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Accelerated skeletal maturation is associated with overweight and obesity as early as preschool age: a cross-sectional study

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-020-02353-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dandan Ke ◽

Dajiang Lu ◽

Guang Cai ◽

Jing Zhang ◽

Xiaofei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Skeletal Age ◽

Skeletal Maturation ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Body mass index (BMI) and skeletal age (SA) are important indicators of individual growth and maturation. Although the results have not been unified, most studies indicated that accelerated skeletal maturation is associated with overweight/obesity. However, there have so far been insufficient studies about the association between accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity in preschoolers, particularly Asian children. A cross-sectional study was conducted on Chinese children to verify the association between accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity at preschool age. Methods The study involved 1330 participants aged 3.1–6.6 years old (730 males and 600 females) in Shanghai, China. The skeletal age was determined according to the method of TW3-C RUS. Accelerated skeletal maturation was defined as relative SA (SA minus chronological age [CA]) ≥1.0 years. BMI was classified as thinness, normal weight, overweight, and obesity according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) BMI cut-offs. The Chi-square was performed to determine the statistically significant difference in the frequency of accelerated skeletal maturation in BMI and age categories. The logistic regression model analyzed the association between accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity. Results The percentage of accelerated skeletal maturation increased with BMI (7.8% of children in thinness group had accelerated skeletal maturation; the percentage increased to 30.8% in obese group. x2 = 89.442, df = 3, P < 0.01) and age group (at age 3.5, 3.5% of participants had accelerated skeletal maturation; at age 6.0 years, this increased to 27.8%. x2 = 43.417, df = 5, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that children with overweight and obesity are more likely to have accelerated skeletal maturation than children with normal weight after adjusting for gender and age (Overweight, odds ratio [OR] = 3.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.20–4.87; Obese, OR = 4.73, 95% CI: 2.99–7.48). Conclusions There is an association between accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity among preschool children. This study suggests that accelerated skeletal maturation might coexist with overweight/obesity in preschool children, and interventions, such as dietary modifications and increasing levels of physical activity, should be employed to prevent both accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity as early as preschool age.

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Increased Scalp Hair Cortisol Concentrations in Obese Children

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2013-2924 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 285-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Margriet A. B. Veldhorst ◽

Gerard Noppe ◽

Mieke H. T. M. Jongejan ◽

Chantine B. M. Kok ◽

Selma Mekic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Scalp Hair ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Cortisol Concentration ◽

Hair Cortisol ◽

Obese Children ◽

Hair Samples

Context: Pathologically increased cortisol exposure induces obesity, but it is not known whether relatively high cortisol within the physiological range is related to childhood obesity. Objective: The aim of the study was to compare hair cortisol concentrations between obese and normal-weight children. Design: We performed an observational case-control study. Participants: Twenty obese children (body mass index-SD score [BMI-SDS] > 2.3) and 20 age- and sex-matched normal-weight children (BMI-SDS < 1.1) aged 8–12 years were recruited. Main Outcome Measures: Scalp hair samples from the posterior vertex were collected, and hair cortisol concentrations were measured using ELISA. Body weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. From the obese children, additional data on blood pressure and blood lipid concentrations were collected. Results: In both groups, five boys and 15 girls were included; their mean age was 10.8 ± 1.3 vs 10.8 ± 1.2 years (obese vs normal weight; not significant). Body weight, BMI, BMI-SDS, and waist circumference were higher in the obese children compared with the normal-weight children (69.8 ± 17.2 vs 35.5 ± 7.2 kg; 29.6 ± 4.9 vs 16.4 ± 1.6 kg/m2; 3.4 ± 0.5 vs −0.2 ± 0.8 SDS; 94 ± 13 vs 62 ± 6 cm; P < .001 all). Hair cortisol concentration was higher in obese than normal-weight children (median [interquartile range], 25 [17, 32] vs 17 [13, 21] pg/mg; P < .05). Conclusions: Hair cortisol concentration, a measure for long-term cortisol exposure, was higher in obese children than normal-weight children. This suggests long-term activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in obese children and may provide a novel target for treatment of obesity in children.

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Fatty Acid Profile of Mature Red Blood Cell Membranes and Dietary Intake as a New Approach to Characterize Children with Overweight and Obesity

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12113446 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3446

Author(s):

Iker Jauregibeitia ◽

Kevin Portune ◽

Itxaso Rica ◽

Itziar Tueros ◽

Olaia Velasco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Red Blood Cell ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Membrane Phospholipids ◽

Red Blood Cell Membranes

Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease of high complexity and of multifactorial origin. Understanding the effects of nutrition on childhood obesity metabolism remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid (FA) profile of red blood cell (RBC) membranes as a comprehensive biomarker of children’s obesity metabolism, together with the evaluation of their dietary intake. An observational study was carried out on 209 children (107 healthy controls, 41 who were overweight and 61 with obesity) between 6 and 16 years of age. Mature RBC membrane phospholipids were analyzed for FA composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Dietary habits were evaluated using validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children (KIDMED) test. Compared to children with normal weight, children with obesity showed an inflammatory profile in mature RBC FAs, evidenced by higher levels of ω-6 polyunsaturated FAs (mainly arachidonic acid, p < 0.001). Children who were overweight or obese presented lower levels of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) compared to children with normal weight (p = 0.001 and p = 0.03, respectively), resulting in an increased saturated fatty acid (SFA)/MUFA ratio. A lower intake of nuts was observed for children with obesity. A comprehensive membrane lipidomic profile approach in children with obesity will contribute to a better understanding of the metabolic differences present in these individuals.

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Hair cortisol concentration and neurocognitive functions in preschool children at risk of developing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Psychoneuroendocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105322 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105322

Author(s):

Christopher Mann ◽

Susan Schloß ◽

Alisa Cosan ◽

Katja Becker ◽

Nadine Skoluda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Cortisol Concentration ◽

Hair Cortisol ◽

Children At Risk ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Neurocognitive Functions

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Accelerated skeletal maturation is associated with overweight and obesity as early as preschool age: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-26959/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

DanDan Ke ◽

Dajiang Lu ◽

Guang Cai ◽

Jing Zhang ◽

Xiaofei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Skeletal Age ◽

Skeletal Maturation ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Body mass index (BMI) and skeletal age (SA) are important indicators of individual growth and maturation. Although the results have not been unified, most studies indicated that accelerated skeletal maturation is associated with overweight/obesity. However, there have so far been insufficient studies about the association between accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity in preschoolers, particularly Asian children. A cross-sectional study was conducted on Chinese children to verify the association between accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity at preschool age.Methods: The study involved 1330 participants aged 3.1-6.6 years old (730 males and 600 females) in Shanghai, China. The skeletal age was determined according to the method of TW3-C RUS. Accelerated skeletal maturation was defined as relative SA (SA minus chronological age [CA]) ≥1.0 years. BMI was classified as thinness, normal weight, overweight, and obesity according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) BMI cut-offs. The Chi-square was performed to determine the statistically significant difference in the frequency of accelerated skeletal maturation in BMI and age categories. The logistic regression model analyzed the association between accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity.Results: The percentage of accelerated skeletal maturation increased with BMI (7.8% of children in thinness group had accelerated skeletal maturation; the percentage increased to 30.8% in obese group. x2 = 89.442, df = 3, P <0.01) and age group (at age 3.5, 3.5% of participants had accelerated skeletal maturation; at age 6.0 years, this increased to 27.8%. x2 = 43.417, df = 5, P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that children with overweight and obesity are more likely to have accelerated skeletal maturation than children with normal weight after adjusting for gender and age (Overweight, odds ratio [OR] = 3.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.20-4.87; Obese, OR = 4.73, 95% CI: 2.99-7.48). Conclusions: There is an association between accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity among preschool children. This study suggests that accelerated skeletal maturation might coexist with overweight/obesity in preschool children, and interventions, such as dietary modifications and increasing levels of physical activity, should be employed to prevent both accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity as early as preschool age.

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Effect of overweight and obesity on the left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Clinical & Investigative Medicine ◽

10.25011/cim.v35i4.17152 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 229 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fatih Poyraz ◽

Murat Turfan ◽

Sinan A. Kocaman ◽

Huseyin U. Yazici ◽

Nihat Sen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Diastolic Function ◽

Systolic Function ◽

Study Groups ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Weight Group ◽

Normal Weight Group ◽

Diastolic Functions

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a association exits among overweight and obesity and left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in patients admitted with first ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: The present study was performed on 451 consecutive patients diagnosed with first STEMI (376 men, 75 women; mean age 56.1±10.8 years). The patients were classified into three groups based on their body mass index (BMI) as normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI: 25-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2). Echocardiographic features were evaluated and compared among the three groups. Results: Mitral annulus E velocities were higher in obese individuals than normal weight group (p < 0.01). In contrast, mitral A velocities were lower (p =0.03); consequently, E\A and E'\A' ratios were lower (both p =0.01) in the obese group with respect to normal weight group. When the correction of entire variations existing among the groups were performed using multivariate linear regressions analyses, it turned out that BMI was independently associated with E/A (β= -0.19, p =0.044) and with E'/A' (β= -0.016, p=0.021). Ejection fraction, wall motion score index and myocardial S velocities were comparable among the study groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that while obesity has no adverse effect on the left ventricular systolic function, it has unfavorable consequences on the left ventricular diastolic function in the patients with first STEMI. In contrast, no unfavorable effects of overweight on the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function were detected.

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Accuracy of Age-Based Formula to Predict the Size and Depth of Cuffed Oral Preformed Endotracheal Tubes in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/0145561320980511 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014556132098051

Author(s):

Matula Tareerath ◽

Peerachatra Mangmeesri

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Endotracheal Tube ◽

Body Mass ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

Insertion Depth ◽

Endotracheal Tubes ◽

Endotracheal Tube Size ◽

Actual Size

Objectives: To retrospectively investigate the reliability of the age-based formula, year/4 + 3.5 mm in predicting size and year/2 + 12 cm in predicting insertion depth of preformed endotracheal tubes in children and correlate these data with the body mass index. Patients and Methods: Patients were classified into 4 groups according to their nutritional status: thinness, normal weight, overweight, and obesity; we then retrospectively compared the actual size of endotracheal tube and insertion depth to the predicting age-based formula and to the respective bend-to-tip distance of the used preformed tubes. Results: Altogether, 300 patients were included. The actual endotracheal tube size corresponded with the Motoyama formula (64.7%, 90% CI: 60.0-69.1), except for thin patients, where the calculated size was too large (0.5 mm). The insertion depth could be predicted within the range of the bend-to-tip distance and age-based formula in 85.0% (90% CI: 81.3-88.0) of patients. Conclusion: Prediction of the size of cuffed preformed endotracheal tubes using the formula of Motoyama was accurate in most patients, except in thin patients (body mass index < −2 SD). The insertion depth of the tubes was mostly in the range of the age-based-formula to the bend-to-tip distance.

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