scholarly journals Emotions and decisions in the real world: What can we learn from quasi-field experiments?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243044
Author(s):  
Syon P. Bhanot ◽  
Daphne Chang ◽  
Julia Lee Cunningham ◽  
Matthew Ranson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Real World ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Sports Fans ◽  
The Social ◽  
Powerful Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biased Estimates

Researchers in the social sciences have increasingly studied how emotions influence decision-making. We argue that research on emotions arising naturally in real-world environments is critical for the generalizability of insights in this domain, and therefore to the development of this field. Given this, we argue for the increased use of the “quasi-field experiment” methodology, in which participants make decisions or complete tasks after as-if-random real-world events determine their emotional state. We begin by providing the first critical review of this emerging literature, which shows that real-world events provide emotional shocks that are at least as strong as what can ethically be induced under laboratory conditions. However, we also find that most previous quasi-field experiment studies use statistical techniques that may result in biased estimates. We propose a more statistically-robust approach, and illustrate it using an experiment on negative emotion and risk-taking, in which sports fans completed risk-elicitation tasks immediately after watching a series of NFL games. Overall, we argue that when appropriate statistical methods are used, the quasi-field experiment methodology represents a powerful approach for studying the impact of emotion on decision-making.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Impact of Production Globalization through Application of the Life Cycle Inventory Methodology and Its Influence on Decision Making in Industry

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1271
Author(s):  
Humberto. J. Prado-Galiñanes ◽  
Rosario Domingo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company ◽  
Key Parameter ◽  
Do So

Industries are nowadays not only expected to produce goods and provide services, but also to do this sustainably. What qualifies a company as sustainable implies that its activities must be defined according to the social and ecological responsibilities that are meant to protect the society and the environment in which they operate. From now on, it will be necessary to consider and measure the impact of industrial activities on the environment, and to do so, one key parameter is the carbon footprint. This paper demonstrates the utility of the LCI as a tool for immediate application in industries. Its application shall facilitate decision making in industries while choosing amongst different scenarios to industrialize a certain product with the lowest environmental impact possible. To achieve this, the carbon footprint of a given product was calculated by applying the LCI method to several scenarios that differed from each other only in the supply-chain model. As a result of this LCI calculation, the impact of the globalization of a good’s production was quantified not only financially, but also environmentally. Finally, it was concluded that the LCI/LCA methodology can be considered as a fundamental factor in the new decision-making strategy that sustainable companies must implement while deciding on the business and industrial plan for their new products and services.

Types of CSR Initiatives and Fans’ Social Outcomes: The Case of Professional Sport Organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoseph Mamo ◽  
Kwame Agyemang ◽  
Damon Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Sport Organizations ◽  
Sports Fans ◽  
Sport Fans ◽  
The Social ◽  
External Stakeholders ◽  
Sustain Ability ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

While the burgeoning research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) indicates the importance of tracking the interest of external stakeholders to obtain societal goals, insight into what types of CSR activities contribute to social outcomes remain scarce. As such, the purpose of this study was to identify the relevant dimensions of CSR that can enhance the social outcomes of one specific group of external stakeholders (i.e., sport fans). Data were collected from US sports fans (n = 312) over the course of two weeks. The present research indicates that fans gain more excitement and happiness as well as increased their social cohesion if sport organization CSR initiatives are concentrating on sport governance, environmental management and sustain-ability, and philanthropy issues. Assessing the impact of CSR from micro-level approach would be one way to strengthen the relationship between existing fans and sport organizations to make positive social impact

scholarly journals Field Experiments and Behavioral Theories: Science and Ethics

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Real World ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Constant Field ◽  
Relevant Factor ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Behavioral Theories ◽  
Political Theories

ABSTRACTThe design of field experiments makes them inappropriate for testing many common political theories. These theories propose that certain factors—for example, income or information—affect how individuals make choices. To test these theories, researchers typically investigate the correlation between the relevant factor and individuals’ choices, holding other factors constant. Field experiments, in contrast, allow multiple factors to vary at once: they create real-world disruption and do not control how actors behave in response. Subjects’ choices will be affected by the experimental treatment as well as by other changes that occur as the larger system reacts. It will be difficult to isolate the effect of any one factor, particularly without a good preexisting model of the system and how it is likely to respond. If a field experiment will not tell us what we need to know, the benefit of the study cannot outweigh harm, and it also will be unethical.

scholarly journals Violent Conflict and Behavior: A Field Experiment in Burundi

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 941-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten J Voors ◽  
Eleonora E. M Nillesen ◽  
Philip Verwimp ◽  
Erwin H Bulte ◽  
Robert Lensink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Time Preferences ◽  
Altruistic Behavior ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Risk Seeking ◽  
Long Run ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

We use a series of field experiments in rural Burundi to examine the impact of exposure to conflict on social, risk, and time preferences. We find that conflict affects behavior: individuals exposed to violence display more altruistic behavior towards their neighbors, are more risk-seeking, and have higher discount rates. Large adverse shocks can thus alter savings and investments decisions, and potentially have long-run consequences—even if the shocks themselves are temporary. (JEL C93, D12, D74, 012, 017, 018)

The Human-IoT Ecosystem

2020 ◽  
pp. 1132-1156
Author(s):  
Vaughan Michell ◽  
James Olweny
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Context Information ◽  
Situation Theory ◽  
Powerful Approach ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
World Environment ◽  
Support Decision Making

IoT devices offer a cheap and powerful approach to identifying real world states and situations and acting on this real world environment to change these states and the environment. Augmenting real world things with IoT technology enables the capture of real world context to support decision making and actions in the real world via powerful smart objects in a human- IoT ecosystem. Increasingly we will have to understand the Human-IoT or smart device ecosystem interaction in order to optimise and integrate the design of human and IoT systems. This chapter explores the design and categorisation of IoT devices in terms of their functionality and capability to support context to add to human perception. It then proposes how we can model the context information of both IoT devices and humans in a way that may help progress Human-IoT Ecosystem design using situation theory.

Extracting Social Relationships from Social Software

2012 ◽  
pp. 405-417
Author(s):  
Jürgen Dorn ◽  
Stefan Labitzke
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Personal Relationship ◽  
Social Software ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Software System ◽  
Internet Technologies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

We present an analytical approach to detect relationships between persons in the real world, such as friendship, rivalry, or others, out of the behavior of members in a social software system. In social software systems, users often evaluate submissions of other users. If these actions are somehow biased, we assume a personal relationship between these users. If we know about the relationship between two users, the validity of the evaluation, and with that, the trust into the social software, can be improved. For example, if a rival evaluates a submission unfairly, we should decrease the impact of this evaluation. We apply the approach in TechScreen, a social software system that supports the exchange of knowledge about Internet technologies. Since we try to mine competencies of its users, the validity of evaluations is very important. In this chapter we show results of experiments with about 50 users.

Extracting Social Relationships from Social Software

2014 ◽  
pp. 902-914
Author(s):  
Jürgen Dorn ◽  
Stefan Labitzke
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Personal Relationship ◽  
Social Software ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Software System ◽  
Internet Technologies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

We present an analytical approach to detect relationships between persons in the real world, such as friendship, rivalry, or others, out of the behavior of members in a social software system. In social software systems, users often evaluate submissions of other users. If these actions are somehow biased, we assume a personal relationship between these users. If we know about the relationship between two users, the validity of the evaluation, and with that, the trust into the social software, can be improved. For example, if a rival evaluates a submission unfairly, we should decrease the impact of this evaluation. We apply the approach in TechScreen, a social software system that supports the exchange of knowledge about Internet technologies. Since we try to mine competencies of its users, the validity of evaluations is very important. In this chapter we show results of experiments with about 50 users.

The influencing role of social media in the consumer’s hotel decision-making process

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Media Platform ◽  
The Social ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the role of social media on the hotel decision-making process of consumers during the evaluation stage of searching, identifying the alternatives and selecting a hotel in India. It will help the stakeholders in the hotel industry of India to make the social media platform more efficient for consumers by providing inputs on the factors consumers consider while making online hotel purchase. Design/methodology/approach This study involves an exploratory qualitative approach which includes 32 face-to-face, semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews with the social media platform users. The selection of interviewees for this study has been done on the basis of a non-random purposive sampling approach. Findings The findings reveal that social media plays an important role in affecting the way consumers search, decide and book hotels. It also suggests that social media helps consumers in collecting information about products and services, assessing alternatives and making their choices. It confirms that while negative facets exist, the positive benefits outweigh the negative aspects of using social media when selecting a hotel. The results also reveal the impact of circumstantial influence related to social media on hotel selection, on the basis of content source and the level of trust and accuracy in the content. Practical implications This study has some strategic implications for hospitality marketing and management related to a better understanding of the influence of social media on the hotel customer decision-making process. The study shows that a variety of social media with associated content sources and levels add to the complexity of hotel-related information search and decision behaviour. Originality/value The study makes a contribution by addressing the existing gaps and bridging the arena of consumer behaviour and social media literature in a hotel context and sheds light on how consumer decisions while selecting a hotel are influenced through social media. The core contribution is the generation of factors through in-depth interviews which are based on real-life scenarios relating to the influence of social media on hotel decision-making.

Injecting Charter School Best Practices into Traditional Public Schools: Evidence from Field Experiments *

2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 1355-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland G. Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Charter Schools ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Math Achievement ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
School Level ◽  
Traditional Public Schools ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study examines the impact on student achievement of implementing a bundle of best practices from high-performing charter schools into low-performing, traditional public schools in Houston, Texas, using a school-level randomized field experiment and quasi-experimental comparisons. The five practices in the bundle are increased instructional time, more effective teachers and administrators, high-dosage tutoring, data-driven instruction, and a culture of high expectations. The findings show that injecting best practices from charter schools into traditional Houston public schools significantly increases student math achievement in treated elementary and secondary schools—by 0.15 to 0.18 standard deviations a year—and has little effect on reading achievement. Similar bundles of practices are found to significantly raise math achievement in analyses for public schools in a field experiment in Denver and program in Chicago.

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