scholarly journals Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity, and Associations with Socio-Demographic Factors in Kuwait

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M Oguoma ◽  
Neil Coffee ◽  
Saad Alsharrah ◽  
Mohamed Abu-Farha ◽  
Faisal H Al-Refaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Obesity ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Background: Kuwait is amongst countries in the Gulf region with high income economy. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), one in five adults in the Gulf region is obese. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of both overweight and obesity, and their relationships with socio-demographic factors, in Kuwait.Methods:A population-based survey of diabetes and obesity in Kuwait – part of the Kuwait Diabetes Epidemiology Program – was conducted between 2011-2013, targeting adults aged 18-82 years using the WHO STEPwise approach to non-communicable disease surveillance. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated to classify overweight and obesity, and waist circumference (WC) used to expressed central obesity. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate relationships between socio-demographic factors, overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), obesity (≥30.0 kg/m2) or central obesity (WC≥80cm women; WC≥94cm men).Results:Records for gender (57% Men), age, BMI, governorate and nationality existed for 4963 individuals. Mean age and BMI were 43 years and 30kg/m2, respectively. Non-Kuwaiti nationals were more prevalent than Kuwaitis (87% vs 13%). Prevalence rates for overweight, obesity and central obesity were 38% (95%CI: 37-40%), 42% (95%CI: 41-44%) and 75% (95%CI: 73-76%), respectively. The youngest age group (18-29 years) had rates of 33% (95%CI: 28-39%), 25% (95%CI: 20-30%) and 49% (95%CI:43-55%) for overweight, obesity and central obesity, respectively. In covariate-adjusted analyses, the odds of being overweight was 23% greater for men than for women. Conversely, women had a 29% (95%CI: 4-60%) and 6-fold (95%CI: 5-9-fold) greater odds of obesity/central obesity, respectively, than men. Greater educational attainment, physical activity, and non-Kuwaiti status were associated with lower odds of obesity/central obesity. History of smoking, elevated blood pressure, higher income, being married, greater age and female sex related to greater odds of obesity/central obesity.Conclusion:Overweight was greater in men, obesity greater in women. Overweight and obesity prevalence were high in young adults ages 18-29 years, a significant public health concern. Efforts to integrate mandatory physical education to the school curriculum and promoting the creation of recreation spaces/parks to promote physical activities, will play a vital role in the early prevention of overweight/obesity in Kuwait.

scholarly journals Prevalence of overweight and obesity, and associations with socio-demographic factors in Kuwait

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M. Oguoma ◽  
Neil T. Coffee ◽  
Saad Alsharrah ◽  
Mohamed Abu-Farha ◽  
Faisal H. Al-Refaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Obesity ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Background Kuwait is amongst countries in the Gulf region with high income economy. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), one in five adults in the Gulf region is obese. This study sought to evaluate the prevalence and magnitude of association between overweight, obesity, central obesity, and socio-demographic factors in Kuwait. Methods A population-based cross-sectional survey of diabetes and obesity in Kuwait – part of the Kuwait Diabetes Epidemiology Program – was conducted between 2011 and 2014, targeting adults aged 18–82 years using the WHO STEPwise approach to non-communicable disease surveillance. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated to classify overweight and obesity, and waist circumference (WC) used to express central obesity. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate relationships between socio-demographic factors, overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), obesity (≥30.0 kg/m2) or central obesity (WC ≥ 80 cm women; WC ≥ 94 cm men). Results Records for gender (56% Men), age, BMI, governorate, and nationality existed for 4901 individuals. Mean age and BMI were 43 years and 30 kg/m2, respectively. Non-Kuwaiti nationals were more prevalent than Kuwaitis (76% vs 24%). Prevalence rates for overweight, obesity and central obesity were 40.6% (95%CI: 38.4–42.8%), 42.1% (95%CI: 40.0–44.3%) and 73.7% (95%CI: 71.7–75.6%), respectively. The youngest age group (18–29 years) had rates of 38.2% (95%CI: 29.2–47.7%), 27.2% (95%CI: 19.0–36.7%) and 49.9% (95%CI: 40.6–59.1%) for overweight, obesity and central obesity, respectively. In covariate-adjusted analyses, the odds of being overweight was 26% greater for men than for women. Conversely, women had a 54% (95%CI: 19–99%) and 7-fold (95%CI, 5–10-fold) greater odds of obesity/central obesity, respectively, than men. Greater educational attainment, physical activity, and non-Kuwaiti status were associated with lower odds of obesity/central obesity. History of smoking, elevated blood pressure, higher income, being married, greater age and female sex related to greater odds of obesity/central obesity. Conclusion Overweight was greater in men, obesity greater in women. Overweight and obesity prevalence were high in young adults aged 18–29 years, a significant public health concern. Efforts to integrate mandatory physical education to the school curriculum and promoting the creation of recreation spaces/parks to promote physical activities, will play a vital role in the early prevention of overweight/obesity in Kuwait.

scholarly journals Overweight and Obesity Epidemic in Developing Countries: A Problem with Diet, Physical Activity, or Socioeconomic Status?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trishnee Bhurosy ◽  
Rajesh Jeewon
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Obese Individual ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern

Obesity is a significant public health concern affecting more than half a billion people worldwide. Obesity rise is not only limited to developed countries, but to developing nations as well. This paper aims to compare the mean body mass index trends in the World Health Organisation- (WHO-) categorised regions since 1980 to 2008 and secondly to appraise how socioeconomic disparities can lead to differences in obesity and physical activity level across developing nations. Taking into account past and current BMI trends, it is anticipated that obesity will continue to take a significant ascent, as observed by the sharp increase from 1999 to 2008. Gender differences in BMI will continue to be as apparent, that is, women showing a higher BMI trend than men. In the coming years, the maximum mean BMI in more developed countries might be exceeded by those in less developed ones. Rather than focusing on obesity at the individual level, the immediate environment of the obese individual to broader socioeconomic contexts should be targeted. Most importantly, incentives at several organisational levels, the media, and educational institutions along with changes in food policies will need to be provided to low-income populations.

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of overweight and obesity in school going adolescents and its association with socio-demographic factors in Lucknow district

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3792
Author(s):  
Sudhanshu Mishra ◽  
Pratibha Gupta ◽  
Mrinal Ranjan Srivastava ◽  
Beena Sachan ◽  
Zeashan Haider Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. Obesity has become a global public health issue and is widely recognized as a key risk factor for coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and many other health problems. The objectives of present study were to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its association with socio-demographic factors amongst school-going adolescents in Lucknow district.Methods: This study was a school-based cross-sectional study and was carried out in urban and rural areas of Lucknow, from January 2018 to June 2018. Sample size was 620. A multi-stage random sampling technique has been used to select the required sample size. Data analysis was done using software MS Office excel and SPSS 18 for windows.Results: A total of 620 adolescents were studied. Majority (82.1%) of adolescents were found to be non-overweight/obese while 17.9% were found to be overweight/obese. Majority (66.7%) of students were overweight or obese, belonging to social class I while only 15.7% students were overweight or obese belonging to social class V.Conclusions: The results of our study show that overweight/obesity continues to be a public health concern in adolescents. The current study shows that adolescent overweight and obesity are increasing even in low socio-economic status. Emphasis should be placed on awareness program for obesity prevention among school students by strengthening lifestyle change.

scholarly journals The role of social exposure in predicting weight bias and weight bias internalisation: an international study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah-Jane F. Stewart ◽  
Jane Ogden
Keyword(s):  
Personal Exposure ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Weight Bias ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Social Exposure

Abstract Background Whilst the consequences of weight bias and weight bias internalisation (WBI) have been explored, less is known about the factors contributing to their development. Some research has explored the role of social exposure in weight bias and WBI but has been limited in its definition of exposure and focused solely on western countries. The present study therefore aimed to assess the role of social exposure defined in terms of both population and personal exposure in predicting weight bias and WBI, in an international sample. Methods Participants (N = 1041) from 33 countries, aged 18–85 years completed online measures of demographics, weight bias, WBI, and population and personal social exposure. Population exposure was defined using national obesity prevalence data from the World Health Organisation to classify countries as low (obesity rates ≤19.9%; n = 162), medium (20.0–29.9%; n = 672) or high prevalence (≥30%; n = 192). Personal exposure was defined in terms of personal contact and health and attractiveness normalisation. Results Using regression analysis, greater weight bias was significantly predicted by being younger, male, less educated, and personal exposure in terms of normalisation beliefs that thinner body types are healthier and more attractive, greater daily exposure and overall exposure to thinner friends. The strongest predictors of weight bias (adj R2 = 13%) were gender (β = −0.24, p < .001), and personal exposure in terms of normalisation beliefs that thinner body types are more attractive (β = −0.13, p = .001). The strongest predictors of WBI (adj R2 = 6%) were attractiveness normalisation (β = −0.23, p < 0.001) and participants’ perceived body shape (β = −0.27, p < 0.001). Population exposure did not predict either weight bias or WBI. Conclusions Personal exposure is more important than population exposure in predicting both weight bias and WBI. Findings hold implications for improving the wellbeing and lived experiences of those living with overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic determinants of motorcycle speeding in Maha Sarakham, Thailand

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243930
Author(s):  
Vennis Hong ◽  
Sage K. Iwamoto ◽  
Rei Goto ◽  
Sean Young ◽  
Sukhawadee Chomduangthip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Linear Network ◽  
Time Discounting ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Thailand has the highest road traffic fatality rate in Southeast Asia, making road safety a critical public health concern. A 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Report showed that speeding behavior was the most important determinant for road traffic crashes in Thailand. Here, we aimed to examine associations of socio-demographic factors (gender, age, socioeconomic status) with self-reported motorcycle speeding behavior. Additionally, we examined a potential role of time discounting and risk preference as mediators in the association of socio-demographic factors with speeding. We used data obtained from the Mahasarakham University Social Network Survey 2018 (MSUSSS) (N = 150). We ran linear network autocorrelation models (lnam) to account for the data's social network structure. We found that males are more likely than females to engage in speeding behavior (β = 0.140, p = 0.001) and to discount the future (β = 5.175, p = 0.017). However, further causal mediation analysis showed that time discounting does not mediate the gender-speeding association (p for mediation = 0.540). Although socioeconomic status (subjective social class) was not associated with speeding (β = 0.039, p = 0.177), age was marginally associated with speeding (β = 0.005, p = 0.093). Future studies may consider using a larger sample.

scholarly journals Analysis of childhood overweight and obesity in Namibia using spatio-temporal quantile interval models

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Paweni Loss Mtambo ◽  
Legesse Kassa Debusho
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Fully Bayesian

AbstractThe global prevalence of overweight (including obesity) in children under 5 years of age was 7% in 2012, and it is expected to rise to 11% by the year 2025. The main objective of this study was to fit spatio-temporal quantile interval regression models for childhood overweight (including obesity) in Namibia from 2000 to 2013 using fully Bayesian inference implemented in R-INLA package in R version 3.5.1. All the available Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) datasets for Namibia since 2000 were used in this study. Significant determinants of childhood overweight (including obesity) ranged from socio-demographic factors to child and maternal factors. Child age and preceding birth interval had significant nonlinear effects on childhood overweight (including obesity). Furthermore, we observed significant spatial and temporal effects on childhood overweight (including obesity) in Namibia between 2000 and 2013. To achieve the World Health Organisation (WHO) global nutrition target 2025 in Namibia, the existing scaling-up nutrition programme and childhood malnutrition policy makers in this country may consider interventions based on socio-demographic determinants, and spatio-temporal variations presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Observed magnitude and trends in socioeconomic and geographic area inequalities in obesity prevalence among non-pregnant women in Chad: evidence from three waves of Chad demographic and health surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebretsadik Shibre ◽  
Betregiorgis Zegeye ◽  
Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuiel ◽  
Wassie Negash ◽  
Gorems Lemma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Urban Rural

Abstract Background While the prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, the growing rates of overweight and obesity in developing countries are disquieting. Obesity is widely recognized as a risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Available evidence on whether obesity has been more prevalent among higher or lower socioeconomic groups, across regions and urban-rural women’s are inconsistent. This study examined magnitude of and trends in socioeconomic, urban-rural and sub-national region inequalities in obesity prevalence among non-pregnant women in Chad. Method Using cross-sectional data from Chad Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) conducted in 1996, 2004 and 2014; we used the World Health Organization (WHO) Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) to analyze socio-economic, urban-rural and regional inequalities in obesity prevalence among non-pregnant women aged 15–49 years. Inequalities were assessed using four equity stratifiers namely wealth index, educational level, place of residence and subnational region. We presented inequalities using simple and complex as well as relative and absolute summary measures such as Difference (D), Population Attributable Risk (PAR), Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) and Ratio (R). Results Though constant pattern overtime, both wealth-driven and place of residence inequality were observed in all three surveys by Difference measure and in the first and last surveys by Ratio measure. Similarly, including the recent survey (D = -2.80, 95% CI:-4.15, − 1.45, R = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.50) absolute (in 1996 & 2014 survey) and relative (in all three surveys) educational status inequality with constant pattern were observed. Substantial absolute (PAR = -2.2, 95% CI: − 3.21, − 1.34) and relative (PAF = − 91.9, 95% CI: − 129.58, − 54.29) regional inequality was observed with increasing and constant pattern by simple (D) and complex (PAR, PAF) measures. Conclusion The study showed socioeconomic and area-based obesity inequalities that disfavored women in higher socioeconomic status and residing in urban areas. Prevention of obesity prevalence should be government and stakeholders’ priority through organizing the evidence, health promotion and prevention interventions for at risk population and general population.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the roles of HIV co-infection and socio-demographic factors as determinants of Quality of Life among Nigerians with Tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Peter J Olagunju ◽  
Olukemi O Odukoya ◽  
Andrew T Olagunju ◽  
Mobolanle R Balogun
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization Quality ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Tuberculosis [TB] remains a major global public health problem, and particularly in resource-restricted settings with disproportionately high burden. This study is aimed at assessing quality of life [QoL] and the roles of HIV co-infection along with socio-demographic factors on QoL among subjects with TB.Methodology: This is a multi-center cross-sectional study among 440 participants recruited by multi-stage sampling technique across 40 Directly Observed Treatment Short-course [DOTS] centres. Interviews were done using designed questionnaire to collect information on socio-demographic and clinical details of respondents. Subsequently, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF [WHOQOL-BREF] questionnaire was used to evaluate QoL.Results: Most (61.1%) of the participants was aged between 21 and 40 years, 61.6% were married and 74.5% had a paid job. Majority of the subjects reported fair QoL across all domains. Employment status and monthly income were significantly associated with participants overall QoL and their satisfaction with health (p<0.05). Also, age, gender, marital status, ethnicity and educational status were significantly associated with the social domain of QoL. The HIV co-infection was found to be significantly associated with the physical aspect of their QoL (p<0.05).Conclusion: Optimal treatment of HIV co-infection and incorporation of psychosocial medicine into TB management are indicated for improved QoL. Similarly, routine assessment of QoL is desirable.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(1) 2018 p.21-29

scholarly journals Simple and adaptable R implementation of WHO/ISH cardiovascular risk charts for all epidemiological subregions of the world

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Collins ◽  
Joseph Lee ◽  
Niklas Bobrovitz ◽  
Constantinos Koshiaris ◽  
Alison Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Risk Charts ◽  
Free Open Source

The World Health Organisation and International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment charts have been implemented in many low- and middle-income countries as part of the WHO Package of Essential Non-Communicable Disease (PEN) Interventions for Primary Health Care in Low-Resource settings. Evaluation of the WHO/ISH cardiovascular risk charts and their use is a key priority and since they only exist in paper or PDF formats, we developed a simple R implementation of the charts for all epidemiological subregions of the world. The main strengths of this implementation are that it is built in a free, open-source, coding language with simple syntax, can be modified by the user, and can be used with a standard computer.

High BMI: an important health risk factor among older adults in Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
E Yorke ◽  
J Tetteh ◽  
Vincent Boima ◽  
AE Yawson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Risk Factor ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Objective: We examined BMI as a health risk factor for self-reported diabetes mellitus, angina, strokes and arthritis among older Ghanaians aged 50 years and above. Design: We analysed the individual-level data from the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health Ghana Wave 2 (2014/2015). The influence of BMI on self-reported chronic conditions including diabetes, angina, stroke and arthritis was examined. Setting: Households from all the administrative regions of Ghana. Participants: Included 3350 adults aged 50 years and older. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among participants was 22·8 % (95 % CI 20·6, 25·2) and 13·2 %, respectively (95 % CI 11·5, 15·1). With respect to individual chronic conditions, arthritis emerged with the highest prevalence rate of 7·3 (95 % CI 5·3, 9·9), while the prevalence rate of diabetes, angina and stroke was 2·8 % (95 % CI 2·0, 3·9), 1·7 % (95 % CI 1·1, 2·6) and 1·3 % (95 % CI 1·0, 1·8), respectively. The risk of diabetes among overweight and obesity was over three and two times, respectively, higher compared with participants with normal weights. Overweight and obesity were significantly more than two and three times likely to experience angina, respectively, compared with participants with normal weight. Obesity significantly influences arthritis with approximately two times increased odds compared with normal weight participants. Conclusion: Prevalence of obesity and overweight in Ghana is high and increasing, which poses a health risk at the individual and population levels. Inter-sectorial and multidisciplinary measures in line with the national non-communicable disease policies aimed at curbing this trend are imperative.

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