scholarly journals Microbiome diversity of cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) is associated with host alternation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-jie Ma ◽  
Hao-peng He ◽  
Hai-meng Zhao ◽  
Yi-dan Xian ◽  
Hui Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Host Alternation ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

AbstractAphids are infected by a series of bacteria that can help them survive on specific host plants. However, the associations between aphids and these bacteria are not clear, and the bacterial communities in many aphid species are poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the bacterial communities of cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) on 2 representative winter host plants and transferred to 3 summer host plants by 16S rDNA sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Our results revealed that the bacterial communities varied among cotton aphids on hibiscus, cotton aphids on pomegranate, cotton aphids on cotton transferred from hibiscus, cotton aphids on muskmelon transferred from hibiscus, cotton aphids on cucumber transferred from hibiscus,. The diversity and richness of the bacterial communities were significantly higher in aphids on muskmelon and aphids on cucumber than in the other treatments. There were two main factors influencing the distribution of internal bacterial OTUs revealed by principal component analysis, including the differences among Punicaceae, Malvaceae and Cucurbitaceae. There were 28 bacterial communities with significant differences between two arbitrary treatments, which could be grouped into 6 main clusters depending on relative abundance. Moreover, our results indicated that in addition to the obligate endosymbiont Buchnera, with a dominant position (> 52%), A. gossypii also harbored 3 facultative endosymbiotic bacteria (Serratia, Arsenophonus, and Wolbachia) and 3 possibly symbiotic bacteria (Acinetobacter, Pantoea, and Flavobacterium). There were several correspondences between the symbiotic bacteria in cotton aphids and the specific host plants of the aphids. This study provides a better understanding of the interactions among symbiotic bacteria, aphids and host plants, suggesting that the selection pressure on aphid bacterial communities is likely to be exerted by the species of host plants.

scholarly journals Bacterial Communities of Two Parthenogenetic Aphid Species Cocolonizing Two Host Plants across the Hawaiian Islands

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (23) ◽  
pp. 8345-8349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan T. Jones ◽  
Alberto Bressan ◽  
April M. Greenwell ◽  
Noah Fierer
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alpinia Purpurata ◽  
Melon Aphid ◽  
Aphid Populations

ABSTRACTAphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) have been the focus of several studies with respect to their interactions with inherited symbionts, but bacterial communities of most aphid species are still poorly characterized. In this research, we used bar-coded pyrosequencing to characterize bacterial communities in aphids. Specifically, we examined the diversity of bacteria in two obligately parthenogenetic aphid species (the melon aphid,Aphis gossypii, and the cardamom aphid,Pentalonia caladii) cocolonizing two plant species (taro,Colocasia esculenta, and ginger,Alpinia purpurata) across four Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, Kauai, Maui, and Oahu). Results from this study revealed that heritable symbionts dominated the bacterial communities for both aphid species. The bacterial communities differed significantly between the two species, andA. gossypiiharbored a more diverse bacterial community thanP. caladii. The bacterial communities also differed across aphid populations sampled from the different islands; however, communities did not differ between aphids collected from the two host plants.

scholarly journals The Bacterial Flora Associated with the Polyphagous Aphid Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Is Strongly Affected by Host Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shifen Xu ◽  
Liyun Jiang ◽  
Gexia Qiao ◽  
Jing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Symbiotic Associations

AbstractAphids live in symbiosis with a variety of bacteria, including the obligate symbiont Buchnera aphidicola and diverse facultative symbionts. The symbiotic associations for one aphid species, especially for polyphagous species, often differ across populations. In the present study, by using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing, we surveyed in detail the microbiota in natural populations of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii in China and assessed differences in bacterial diversity with respect to host plant and geography. The microbial community of A. gossypii was dominated by a few heritable symbionts. Arsenophonus was the most dominant secondary symbiont, and Spiroplasma was detected for the first time. Statistical tests and ordination analyses showed that host plants rather than geography seemed to have shaped the associated symbiont composition. Special symbiont communities inhabited the Cucurbitaceae-feeding populations, which supported the ecological specialization of A. gossypii on cucurbits from the viewpoint of symbiotic bacteria. Correlation analysis suggested antagonistic interactions between Buchnera and coexisting secondary symbionts and more complicated interactions between different secondary symbionts. Our findings lend further support to an important role of the host plant in structuring symbiont communities of polyphagous aphids and will improve our understanding of the interactions among phytophagous insects, symbionts, and environments.

scholarly journals Complex evolution in Aphis gossypii group (Hemiptera: Aphididae), evidence of primary host shift and hybridization between sympatric species

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0245604
Author(s):  
Yerim Lee ◽  
Thomas Thieme ◽  
Hyojoong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Host Shift ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Approximate Bayesian

Aphids provide a good model system to understand the ecological speciation concept, since the majority of the species are host-specific, and they spend their entire lifecycle on certain groups of host plants. Aphid species that apparently have wide host plant ranges have often turned out to be complexes of host-specialized biotypes. Here we investigated the various host-associated populations of the two recently diverged species, Aphis gossypii and A. rhamnicola, having multiple primary hosts, to understand the complex evolution with host-associated speciation. Using mitochondrial DNA marker and nine microsatellite loci, we reconstructed the haplotype network, and analyzed the genetic structure and relationships. Approximate Bayesian computation was also used to infer the ancestral primary host and host-associated divergence, which resulted in Rhamnus being the most ancestral host for A. gossypii and A. rhamnicola. As a result, Aphis gossypii and A. rhamnicola do not randomly use their primary and secondary host plants; rather, certain biotypes use only some secondary and specific primary hosts. Some biotypes are possibly in a diverging state through specialization to specific primary hosts. Our results also indicate that a new heteroecious race can commonly be derived from the heteroecious ancestor, showing strong evidence of ecological specialization through a primary host shift in both A. gossypii and A. rhamnicola. Interestingly, A. gossypii and A. rhamnicola shared COI haplotypes with each other, thus there is a possibility of introgression by hybridization between them by cross-sharing same primary hosts. Our results contribute to a new perspective in the study of aphid evolution by identifying complex evolutionary trends in the gossypii sensu lato complex.

scholarly journals Population dynamics of aphid and coexisting predators in tomato agroecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
SHIVANI KHOKHAR ◽  
KRISHNA ROLANIA
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Positive Density ◽  
Aphid Infestation

Aphids generally attack vegetative plant parts, preferably leaves, and devitalize the plant by sucking the cell sap. Thorough knowledge of pest-predator ecology and their interaction is requisite to initiate timely pest management strategies. Therefore, we aimed to study the population dynamics of aphids and their predators on tomato in Hisar, Haryana during Rabi, 2016-17 and 2017-18. We observed two dominant aphid species viz., Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae and three aphidophagous predator groups viz., coccinellids, spiders and syrphid fly maggots in the tomato agroecosystem. Aphid infestation started during the 9th standard meteorological week (SMW) and attained a peak during the 12th SMW (22.65 aphids per three leaves per plant). Aphid population exhibited highly significant negative correlation with minimum temperature (r= -0.917**), maximum temperature (r= -0.895**) and wind speed (r= -0.809**). However, it was positively correlated with morning relative humidity (r= 0.933**) and evening relative humidity (r= 0.856**). We used Principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensions of data and variables were transformed into principal components (PC) to explain the nature and extent of the relationships among different variables. PC1 and PC2 capture 57.6 and 20.3% of the variability in the data, respectively. Aphid predators exhibited a significant positive correlation with the prey population suggesting a positive density-dependent response.

scholarly journals Innovative Approach for the Use of Huwa-San TR50 in Controlling Cotton Aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Saleh S. Alhewairini
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Observable Effect ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
And Behavior

Chemical control remains the main method of controlling the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover). Millions of dollars have been lost due to plant damage which resulted in reduced quality and yield of cotton. Nevertheless, A. gossypii can rapidly develop resistance to different groups of insecticides such as organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids. The potential of Huwa-San TR50 in controlling A. gossypii is yet to be tested. Huwa-San TR50 is a formula of hydrogen peroxide which has been stabilized by the addition of a small quantity of silver and has extensively used as a disinfectant. In this study, it was found to be very potent in killing A. gossypii and produced 93.5, 96.5, 97 and 95.5% mortality at 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm, respectively, after 48 h of exposure. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between four Huwa-San TR50 concentrations after 48 h of exposure, on the mortality of A. gossypii. Huwa-San TR50 of up to 4000 ppm had no observable effects on the mortality and behavior of adult honeybee workers (Apis mellifera lamarckii) as compared with the control. Also, Huwa-San TR50 concentration of up to 3000 ppm had no observable effect on seven-spot ladybird beetles (Coccinella septempunctata) whereas a concentration of 4000 ppm produced 100% mortality after 24 h of exposure. Huwa-San TR50 concentrations of up to 2000 ppm failed to produce any symptoms on cucumber leaves. The differential effects of Huwa-San TR50 on aphids and beneficial insects, suggest the need for further investigation to understand the effects of Huwa-San TR50 on other host plants of aphids and aphid species.

scholarly journals Impact of Soil-Applied Microbial Inoculant and Fertilizer on Fungal and Bacterial Communities in the Rhizosphere of Robinia sp. and Populus sp. Plantations

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1218
Author(s):  
Zoltán Mayer ◽  
Andrea Gógán Csorbainé ◽  
Ákos Juhász ◽  
Attila Ombódi ◽  
Antal Pápai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soil Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
The Impact

The impact of chemical fertilization on rhizosphere soil communities is a growing concern due to the changes they cause on microbes in soil ecosystems. The present study aims to compare mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilizer applications on bacterial and fungal communities in rhizosphere soil of intensively cultivated Robinia pseudoacacia and Populus × euramericana plantations using the Illumina Miseq sequencing platform. Our results revealed that the different host plants and applied treatments did not significantly affect soil bacterial diversity, but interfered with native rhizosphere bacterial communities in plantation sites. In contrast, host plants and inorganic fertilizer had a strong effect at the family and genus level on the composition of soil fungal communities. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the structure and composition of the fungal community are more sensitive to the nutrient sources in soil than bacteria.

scholarly journals Effect of Environmental Factors and Influence of Rumen and Hindgut Biogeography on Bacterial Communities in Steers

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo A. Romero-Pérez ◽  
Kim H. Ominski ◽  
Tim A. McAllister ◽  
Denis O. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Access Time ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Alfalfa Silage

ABSTRACTFeces from cattle production are considered important sources of bacterial contamination of food and the environment. Little is known about the combined effects of arctic temperatures and fodder tannins on rumen and hindgut bacterial populations. Individual rumen liquor and rectal fecal samples from donor steers fed either alfalfa silage or sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifoliaScop.) silage and waterad libitumwere collected weekly on the first three sampling days and fortnightly afterwards. The daily ambient temperatures were registered and averaged to weekly mean temperatures. Steers fed sainfoin silage had lower (P< 0.05) concentrations of branched-chain volatile fatty acids (VFA) than those fed alfalfa silage. All VFA concentrations were higher (P< 0.001) in rumen liquor samples than in fecal samples. The interaction of sample type and diet showed a significant effect (P< 0.05) on the proportions of the bacterial community that were from the phylaProteobacteriaandVerrucomicrobia.Ambient temperature had an indirect effect (P< 0.05) on the phylumFirmicutes, as it affected its proportional balance. The bacterial population diversity in samples appeared to decrease concurrently with the ambient temperature. The phylumFirmicutesexplained the first principal component at 64.83 and 42.58% of the total variance in rumen liquor and fecal samples, respectively. The sample type had a larger effect on bacterial communities than diet and temperature. Certain bacterial populations seemed to be better adapted than others to environmentally adverse conditions, such as less access time to nutrients due to higher motility and rate of passage of digesta caused by extreme temperatures, or antimicrobials such as tannins, possibly due to an influence of their biogeographical location within the gut.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Potential Vectors and Reservoirs of Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus in Southeastern Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1188-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona A. Kassem ◽  
Miguel Juarez ◽  
Pedro Gómez ◽  
Carmen M. Mengual ◽  
Raquel N. Sempere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Southeastern Spain

The genetic variability of a Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) (genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae) population was evaluated by determining the nucleotide sequences of two genomic regions of CABYV isolates collected in open-field melon and squash crops during three consecutive years in Murcia (southeastern Spain). A phylogenetic analysis showed the existence of two major clades. The sequences did not cluster according to host, year, or locality of collection, and nucleotide similarities among isolates were 97 to 100 and 94 to 97% within and between clades, respectively. The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitutions reflected that all open reading frames have been under purifying selection. Estimates of the population's genetic diversity were of the same magnitude as those previously reported for other plant virus populations sampled at larger spatial and temporal scales, suggesting either the presence of CABYV in the surveyed area long before it was first described, multiple introductions, or a particularly rapid diversification. We also determined the full-length sequences of three isolates, identifying the occurrence and location of recombination events along the CABYV genome. Furthermore, our field surveys indicated that Aphis gossypii was the major vector species of CABYV and the most abundant aphid species colonizing melon fields in the Murcia (Spain) region. Our surveys also suggested the importance of the weed species Ecballium elaterium as an alternative host and potential virus reservoir.

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