scholarly journals Chemical constituents and phytochemical properties of floral maize pollen

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247327
Author(s):  
Japar Sidik Bujang ◽  
Muta Harah Zakaria ◽  
Shiamala Devi Ramaiya
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Maize Pollen ◽  
Fresh Pollen ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Maize Plants

Currently, bee-gathered pollen (bee pollen) is commonly used worldwide as a dietary supplement and is recognized for its curative properties. Floral pollen is also important but is less recognized due to a lack of investigation. This study aims to determine the morphological characteristics and nutritional and phytochemical properties of floral maize pollen. Fresh pollen grains harvested from a farm of maize plants are yellow in colour and spheroid in shape. They change to amber and indented prismatic solid shapes when dehydrated. The main composition of floral maize pollen is carbohydrates (44.30±3.73%), followed by moisture (23.38±5.73%), crude proteins (17.16±3.13%), crude fibres (9.56±0.92%), and ash (4.98±0.11%), while the lowest content is observed for crude fats (0.62±0.06%). The predominant mineral is potassium (768.50±11.40 mg 100 g-1), followed by sodium (695.10±9.70 mg 100 g-1), calcium (147.20±12.60 mg 100 g-1), and magnesium (97.30±2.9 mg 100 g-1). The microelements (with average values) consist of iron (49.50±3.30 mg 100 g-1) and zinc (30.00±3.70 mg 100 g-1). Excellent phytochemical properties add value to floral maize pollen. Maize pollen contains a high total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of 783.02 mg GAE 100 g-1 and 1706.83 mg QE 100 g-1, respectively, and possesses strong antioxidant activity of 10.54 mg mL-1. Maize floral pollen and derived products can serve as future food resources for human consumption and as a source of functional and bioactive compounds in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Evaluation of H2O2 radical scavenging activity, phenolic and flavonoid content of the formulated beverage made from T. erecta L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Diptarco Singha ◽  
Priyanka Ray ◽  
Abhijit Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Tagetes erecta, the Mexican marigold, also called Aztec marigold, is a species of the genus Tagetes native to Mexico. Despite its being native to the Americas, it is often called African marigold. It is well known for its antimicrobial, antiseptic, wound and ulcer healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral properties, and it has a long history of being used as an herbal remedy. T. erecta produces a variety of substances that possess pharmacological effects and antioxidant activity.  The present study aims to analyze the antioxidant property of a beverage made of dried T. erecta L. flowers petals, cultivated in West Bengal, India. Radical scavenging potential was determined using H2O2 (Hydrogen peroxide) scavenging assay, which showed that with increase in concentration of the sample, the % of inhibition also increased. The total flavonoid content of the residue left after filtering the beverage, made from dried and processed Tagetes flower was found to be 530.32 mg/g dry weight, using a standard curve of quercetin. Furthermore, the total phenolic content of the same was estimated, taking a standard curve of Gallic acid, and was calculated to be 78.31mg GAE/ g of dry sample. This study suggests that the flowers of Tagetes erecta L. are the possible sources of natural radical scavengers. Thus, black tea leaves could be used as natural antioxidants in the beverage, food and pharmaceutical industries that need further wide range in vivo studies.

scholarly journals FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY STUDIES AND EVALUATION OF TOTAL PHENOLICS, FLAVONOIDS, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CLEOME GYNANDRA

2019 ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMYA KUBER BANOTH ◽  
ASHWINI THATIKONDA
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Cleome Gynandra ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the nature of chemical constituents, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of Cleome gynandra and their functional groups with the help of phytochemical, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, colorimetric assay, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Methods: C. gynandra of the Cleomaceae family is an annual herb. The dried leaves were powdered and extracted using Soxhlet apparatus by different solvents. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out to identify the phytoconstituents present in the extract of C. gynandra, FTIR spectrum was scanned at the range of 4000-400 cm−1. The extracts were subjected to the colorimetric assay in triplicate manner to quantitative determination of total phenolic and total flavonoid content. Gallic acid and rutin used as standards to determine the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging method. Results: Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of C. gynandra revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, saponins, steroids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and tannins. FTIR spectrum showed intense bands at 3679.18, 3616.63, 3317.34, 2943.67, 1634.01, 1360.20, 1036.71, and 778.04 cm−1 corresponding to N-H2, O-H stretch, aliphatic C-H stretch, C=O, C-H benzene, C-O stretch, and C-Cl. The total phenolic content was found to be 8.39 ± 0.0952 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 66.76 ± 0.0333 mg rutin equivalent/g. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract was showed more scavenging activity compared to ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions. Conclusion: The present research work creates a platform to screen many bioactive chemical constituents present in C. gynandra to treat various diseases.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Metabolomic Profile and Antioxidant Content of Adult and In Vitro Leaves of Aristotelia chilensis

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Karina Andrea Crisóstomo-Ayala ◽  
Ana Belén Sabater-Jara ◽  
Claudia Pérez Manriquez ◽  
Federico Ferreres ◽  
Ángel Gil-Izquierdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Aristotelia Chilensis ◽  
Excellent Source

This work aimed to identify the bioactive compounds present in adult maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) leaves from different stages of development and seasons of the year and compare them with leaves obtained from maqui plants grown in vitro. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of maqui leaf extracts by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn showed the presence of different polyphenolic compounds classified into galloyl and caffeoyl quinic acids, ellagitannins and ellagic acid- and flavonoid-derivatives. In general, the total phenolic content of the in vitro samples was higher than that of ex vitro samples, whereas the total flavonoid content was higher in winter basal leaves. Additionally, the analysis by HPLC-MS showed that the extract from spring basal leaves was enriched in quercetin, catechin, kaempferol and 3-caffeoyl quinic acids, while in the in vitro leaves extract, quercetin was not present. As regards lipophilic compounds identified by GC/MS, the samples of in vitro leaves showed a high presence of α-tocopherol and β-sitosterol. In contrast, the samples of adult leaves presented a hight level of linolenic and linoleic acids. These results suggest that maqui leaves could be an excellent source of antioxidants and lipophilic compounds for many industries, such as the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of bee pollen extracts from different regions of Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Hadia Hemmami ◽  
Bachir Ben Seghir ◽  
Mustapha Ben Ali ◽  
Abdelkrim Rebiai ◽  
Soumeia Zeghoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Full Diet

AbstractDue to its complex biochemical properties, the bee pollen is considered one of the functional foods. Bee pollen collected from pollen grains from different botanical sources offers almost a full diet such as carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, minerals. In this study, methanol extracts of 13 honeybee pollen samples were evaluated for flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity. Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, quercetin, rutin, vanillin, and naringin were identified as main phenolic compounds in pollen extracts by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The obtained results are: total phenolic content - 379.8 to 915.6 mg GAE/100 g, total flavonoid content - 207.1 to 550 mg QE/100 g, and antioxidant activity - 808.2 to 3311 mg GAE/100 g in bee pollen extracts.

Molecular and phytochemical characterization of F1 Streptocarpus hybrids and antioxidant potential of their flower extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1341-1356
Author(s):  
Monica HȂRŢA ◽  
Doru PAMFIL ◽  
Orsolya BORSAI ◽  
Rodica POP ◽  
Doina CLAPA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Streptocarpus x hybridus is a very popular houseplant with colourful flowers arousing thus the interest of plant breeders. Its potential value is even higher since different chemical compounds could be identified and used for food and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: to determine genetic relationships between twelve F1 Streptocarpus hybrids and their genitors; to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid content; to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the analysed individuals. Although 12 out of the 24 RAPD primers detected polymorphism among the individuals, the UPGMA dendrogram did not show a very clear grouping pattern for flower colour. In contrast, the phytochemical dendrogram shed more light on the dissimilarities among Streptocarpus flowers in terms of their polyphenolic content. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of the flower extracts determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods ranged from 680.02 to 2360.57 mg of GAE/100 g FW and from 12.52 to 78.36 mg QE/100 g FW. The radical scavenging activity against ABTS ranged from 27.17 to 130.35 µM Trolox/g FW. Due to its ornamental value, H12 was screened by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS to identify and quantify the chemical compounds involved in flower colour. Among the six compounds that were identified and quantified (i.e. cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-xyloside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, peonidin-3-O-glucoside and apigenin-6-C-glucoside), isovitexin reached the highest concentration 4183 µg rutin/100 g FW. These preliminary results, showing high total polyphenolic content and ABTS antioxidant activity, suggest that Streptocarpus flowers could be a valuable source of antioxidants.

Pollen Beads: A New Carrier for Propolis Active Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şaban Keskin ◽  
Boryana Trusheva ◽  
Merve Keskin ◽  
Milena Popova ◽  
Sevgi Kolaylı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Background: Pollen and propolis are two bee products with highly health promoting properties. But there are some limitations of raw propolis usage not only in daily consumption but also in putting it in food formulations. Propolis should be extracted to convert it into consumable form and ethanol is the first choice as a solvent. But ethanol consumption, either in health-wise or religion aspect, is one of the factors limiting the usage of propolis extract. The strong taste and strong smell of propolis are other factors. The immobilization of propolis active compounds could be a tool for overcoming either all or some of these factors. Objective: This study was aimed at immobilization of propolis active constituents on the surface of whole pollen grains. Results: Immobilization efficiency was calculated as 53%. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of pollen, propolis and pollen-propolis beads were measured. It was determined that pollen-propolis beads contain more phenolics than pollen and propolis itself. Ferric reducing activity of the samples was also investigated and pollen-propolis beads showed better activity. Release behavior of pollen and pollen-propolis beads was studied in simulated digestive systems. Better release properties of pollen-propolis beads were achieved in all tested systems as well. These findings support the immobilization of propolis active compounds on the surface of whole pollen grains. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the product obtained, pollen-propolis beads, could be considered as more valuable healthy product since the synergistic action of pollen and propolis.

scholarly journals Chemical constituents and pharmacological profile of Gunnera manicata L. extracts

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristiane de Cássia Mariotti ◽  
Roselena Silvestri Schuh ◽  
Jéssica de Matos Nunes ◽  
Sabrina Pinto Salamoni ◽  
Gabriela Meirelles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
South African ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
South American ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Gunnera perpensa L. (Gunneraceae) is a native South African plant widely used in traditional medicine as an antibacterial and antifungal. In southern Brazil there is the native species called Gunnera manicata L. that also belongs to the Gunneraceae. Nevertheless, there is no information about chemical and pharmacological properties of South American Gunnera species. Therefore this study aimed at assessing the phytochemical and pharmacological profiles of aqueous and methanol Brazilian G. manicata extracts. The results showed that antimicrobial activity in an agar diffusion assay was effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans . Phenolic compounds were investigated by liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) and all extracts presented gallic acid and only the methanol extract obtained from the leaves exhibited hyperoside. Rutin, quercetin and chlorogenic acid were not found in the samples analysed. Total phenolic content was higher in methanol extract and total flavonoid content was low in all extracts. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical test, and all samples presented good to moderate antioxidant activity. These results encourage complementary studies on the chemical composition of the plant extracts focusing on isolation and structure elucidation of their active compounds.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Phenolic Profiles of Soaked and Germinated Peanut Cultivars via UPLC-QTOF-MS

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong-Qiong Yang ◽  
Lin Cheng ◽  
Zhi-Yuan Long ◽  
Hua-Bin Li ◽  
Anil Gunaratne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phenolic Profiles ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

Diverse peanut varieties are widely cultivated in China. However, few studies have investigated the effects of germination on the phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of specific Chinese peanut cultivars. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of germination on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and phenolic profiles of seven peanut cultivars in China. The TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities were determined by spectrophotometry, while phenolic profiles were analyzed by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). The results found that germination significantly increased TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity was found to be closely related to TPC in germinated peanut extracts, which indicates that phenolics are the main contributors of antioxidants in germinated peanuts. In addition, germination induced significant changes in polyphenolic profiles. In the analyzed samples, 36 phenolic compounds were identified in which most were flavonoids. Overall, these findings highlight that germinated peanuts can be a good natural source of natural antioxidants for human consumption and functional food development.

Antioxidant capacity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Grewia serrulata DC and Grewia nervosa (Lour.) Panigrahi

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Mentham Ramesh ◽  
Chandu Babu Rao
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content

The current investigation is intended to evaluate the content of phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential of hydroalcoholic extracts of stem and root of Grewia serrulata DC (HAESGS & HAERGS) and leaf and bark of Grewia Nervosa (Lour.) panigrahi (HAELGN & HAEBGN). Initially, all the extracts at different concentrations were estimated for their total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. The study was further extended for their antioxidant potential evaluation using various in vitro methods such as 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical scavenging assays. The total phenolic content (mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of extract) was high in HAELGN (170.82±0.19) and HAERGS (123.00±0.48) than HAESGS (111.2±0.26) and HAEBGN (119.60±0.23). The total flavonoid content (mg quercetin equivalent per gram) is greater in HAERGS (71.24±0.50) and HAESGS (65.68±0.27) than HAELGN (55.82±0.35) and HAEBGN (62.38±0.45). The IC50 values (µg/ml) of different plant extracts inferred that DPPH radical scavenging activity is greater in HAELGN (42.91±0.88) and HAEBGN (53.87±0.35) than HAESGS (126.73±1.20) and HAERGS (88.87±1.25). However, hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activity is more in HAERGS (135.41±1.19 & 88.00±1.42) and HAELGN (172.28±1.91 & 108.163±1.09) than HAESGS (237.3±1.65 & 110.074±0.87) and HAEBGN (204.7±1.04 & 125.54±1.07). The results of present comprehensive analysis demonstrated that both the plants Grewia serrulata DC and Grewia Nervosa (Lour.) panigrahi possess high phenolic, flavonoid contents and potential antioxidant activity, and could be used as a valid source of natural antioxidants and might be utilized for pharmacological screening of various therapeutic activities. Keywords: Grewia serrulata; Grewia Nervosa; Total Phenolic content; Total flavonoid content; Antioxidant potential

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