scholarly journals Viscosity estimation model of fluorine-containing mold flux for continuous casting

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247828
Author(s):  
Zhongyu Zhao ◽  
Junxue Zhao ◽  
Boqiao Qu ◽  
Yaru Cui
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Mold Flux ◽  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Nonlinear Regression Analysis ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Cylinder Method

A viscosity estimation model for fluorine-containing mold flux for continuous casting was investigated based on the Arrhenius formula and the rotating cylinder method combined with nonlinear regression analysis. This model is highly applicable and not limited by the slag of a certain composition. For most slag compositions, the viscosities estimated with this model deviated from the measured values by no more than 10%, which was in better agreement with the measured values than the viscosities estimated by the Riboud, Iida and Mills models. According to the model calculation and experimental detection, a viscosity isogram of CaF2-Na2O-Al2O3-CaO-SiO2-MgO slag was produced, and the mass fraction of CaF2 in the low-viscosity zone was nearly 14%. An X-ray fluorescence spectrometric analysis of slag after the viscosity test showed that CaF2 and Na2O were significantly reduced, and the measured viscosity was greater than the theoretical viscosity due to the volatilization.

Research on the Viscosity of CaF2-SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO Slag System by the Thermodynamic Software

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Yuan She ◽  
Jian Tao Ju ◽  
Zhi Yuan Jiao ◽  
Zhao Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Slag System ◽  
Graphite Crucible ◽  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Slag Viscosity ◽  
Measuring Apparatus ◽  
Refining Slag ◽  
Cylinder Method

In order to find out a method of computation on the viscosity of CaF2-SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO slag system, which is accurate, rapid and convenient, a systematic study has been carried out. The refining slag samples have been made by the method of rotation-regression-orthogonal combination design during the test. When the temperature of the flux of the samples were 1600°C~1400°C, the experiment was performed by internal rotating cylinder method involving a spindle with the RTW-10 flux physical properties measuring apparatus in graphite crucible per 50°C, meanwhile, the viscosity of slag system were estimated by thermodynamic software FactSage per 50°C. Then, according to the viscosity results of calculation at 1600°C, the viscosity calculation equation was established, which was the relation of the mass fraction of every components and the value of the slag viscosity. Furthermore, the interaction of two components on the influence of the viscosity of slag was discussed.

Influence of Nb2O5 and basicity on the viscosity and structure of CaO-SiO2-Nb2O5-CeO2-CaF2 slag system

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Zhuang Ma ◽  
Zengwu Zhao ◽  
Wentao Guo ◽  
Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Slag System ◽  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reducing Atmosphere ◽  
Bayan Obo ◽  
Cylinder Method

In order to utilize niobium concentrate of Bayan Obo effectively, the effect of Nb2O5 and basicity on the viscosity of CaO-SiO2-Nb2O5-5.0 wt.% CeO2-5.0 wt.% CaF2 slag system was studied from 1653 to 1813 K in reducing atmosphere by rotating cylinder method. For the same condition, the as-quenched samples were investigated through X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the viscosity, break temperature and activation energy of viscous flow decrease with the increase of Nb2O5 and basicity. Raman spectra show that the Nb4+ ions exist in the form of [NbO6] octahedron with different distortion and little [NbO4] tetrahedron in the slags. The Nb2O5 addition and basicity lower the degree of polymerization, where the complex Si-O network is depolymerized into simple structural units.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Floater Formation in the Mold during Continuous Casting of Ti-Stabilized Austenitic Stainless Steels

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Chen ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Xufeng Wang ◽  
Shengping He ◽  
Qian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Mold Flux ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Coordinated Control ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mold Slag

During the continuous casting (CC) of Ti-bearing steel, a steel lump can solidify in the mold (i.e., floater steel) more easily than in the Ti-free steels. This causes severe surface defects or even a breakout. We have examined the mechanisms of floater formation during the CC of 321 stainless steel by analyzing the inclusions in the floater steel and in the 321 steel that was sampled from the mold. Additionally, we calculated the disregistry between the metallic phases and common inclusions. The mineralogy and morphology of the inclusions were examined while using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermodynamic calculations on the TixOy inclusions at different oxygen potentials were performed while using FactSage 7.2. Using this approach, we determined that ferrite nucleates grow on TiN and MgO inclusions following solidification, which then form micro-aggregates as a result of dynamic collisions and alliances. Analysis of the mold slag from the metallurgy stage indicated that altering the basicity and properties of the mold flux systematically might minimize the reaction between the slag and steel, which would achieve a coordinated control over lubrication and heat transfer.

scholarly journals Effects of BaO and B2O3 on the Absorption of Ti Inclusions for High Titanium Steel

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Boyang Li ◽  
Xin Geng ◽  
Zhouhua Jiang ◽  
Yu Hou ◽  
Wei Gong
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Mass Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Mold Flux ◽  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Mold Fluxes ◽  
Cylinder Method

In order to study the effect of BaO or B2O3 on the absorption of Ti inclusions, the effects of mold fluxes with different contents of BaO (0~15%) or B2O3 (0~15%) on the mass transfer coefficients of TiO2 or TiN were studied with the rotating cylinder method. The experimental results show that with the addition of BaO in the mold flux, the mass transfer coefficient of TiO2 increases from 4.58 × 10−4 m/s to 6.08 × 10−4 m/s, that of TiN increases from 3.09 × 10−4 m/s to 4.41 × 10−4 m/s, 2CaO·MgO·2SiO2 is transformed into BaO·2CaO·MgO·2SiO2, and the Ti inclusions combine with CaO to form CaTiO3. With the addition of B2O3 in the mold flux, the mass transfer coefficient of TiO2 increases from 4.58 × 10−4 m/s to 7.46 × 10−4 m/s, that of TiN increases from 3.09 × 10−4 m/s to 5.50 × 10−4 m/s, CaO and B2O3 combine to 2CaO·B2O3, and Ti inclusions exist in the form of TiO2. During the experiment, TiN will be transformed into titanium oxide.

scholarly journals Influences of Al2O3 and TiO2Content on Viscosity and Structure of CaO–8%MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2–5%FeO Blast Furnace Primary Slag

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingle Li ◽  
Changyu Sun ◽  
Sunny Song ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Al2o3 Content ◽  
Slag Viscosity ◽  
Tio2 Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Viscosity Variation ◽  
Cylinder Method ◽  
Networks Structure ◽  
Ftir And Raman Spectroscopy

In view of the fact that Ti–bearing blast furnace primary slag has been explored limitedly and its viscosity–structural property is not fully understood, the phase compositions, viscosity and structure of CaO–8%MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2–5%FeO slag are investigated by X-ray diffractometer, rotating cylinder method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy respectively, considering the effect of Al2O3 and TiO2. The critical temperature that is defined as the temperature below which the viscosity of slag increases quickly, could be explained by the relative amount of perovskite to melilite from phase compositions analysis. The slag viscosity first increases with increasing Al2O3 content from 10 to 15 mass%, and then decreases with the further increase of Al2O3 to 18 mass%. Increasing TiO2 content continuously lowers the viscosity. FTIR and Raman spectra results show that increasing Al2O3 or decreasing TiO2 content leads to complex Si–O and Ti–O networks structure, corresponding to the slag viscosity variation. The effect of weak linkages of Si–O–Al is more dominant when Al2O3exceeds 15 mass%, which results in the decrease of viscosity.

Viscosity Evaluation of Multi-phases Flux by Rotating Cylinder Method

2009 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 807-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohei Sukenaga ◽  
Shinichiro Haruki ◽  
Yoshinori Yamaoka ◽  
Noritaka Saito ◽  
Kunihiko Nakashima
Keyword(s):  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Cylinder Method

Effect of Non-Sinusoidal Oscillation Parameters on Mold Flux Consumption Rate

2011 ◽  
Vol 66-68 ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Hong Ming Wang ◽  
Ting Wang Zhang ◽  
Yong Qi Yan ◽  
Bang Min Song ◽  
Gui Rong Li
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Mold Flux ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Sinusoidal Oscillation ◽  
Continuous Casting Mold ◽  
Casting Mold ◽  
Mold Oscillation ◽  
Flux Consumption

According to the rule of non-sinusoidal oscillation of continuous casting mold, a mathematical model was established to study the effects of oscillation parameters on the consumption rate of mold flux. The results indicated that the mold flux consumption rate is remarkably affected by the non-sinusoidal factor. This proves that the non-sinusoidal oscillation of mold contributes to increase the flux consumption. Moreover, the amplitude and frequency of mold oscillation have effects on mold flux consumption rate. The non-sinusoidal oscillation parameters must be optimized.

Preparation of β-PbO2 and β-PbO2-MnO2 Coating on Stainless Steel Substrate

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 3486-3490
Author(s):  
Qiang Yu ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Zhong Cheng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Stainless Steel Substrate ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Type ◽  
Plating Solution ◽  
Element Mass Fraction

In order to prepare a new type of anode material, stainless steel was selected as substrate material. The β-PbO2 coating on stainless steel substrate was prepared under the appropriate plating solution, and the PbO2-MnO2 coating was prepared with thermal decomposition. The crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction; Surface morphology was test by Scanning Electron Microscopy; the energy spectrum was used to determine element mass-fraction and the ratio of atomic number of the coatings.

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