scholarly journals Collective states and their transitions in football

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251970
Author(s):  
Mitchell Welch ◽  
Timothy M. Schaerf ◽  
Aron Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Team Sports ◽  
Team Formation ◽  
Collective Movement ◽  
Player Tracking ◽  
Group Motion ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Spatial Formations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Collective States

Movement, positioning and coordination of player formations is a key aspect for the performance of teams within field-based sports. The increased availability of player tracking data has given rise to numerous studies that focus on the relationship between simple descriptive statistics surrounding team formation and performance. While these existing approaches have provided a high-level a view of team-based spatial formations, there is limited research on the nature of collective movement across players within teams and the establishment of stable collective states within game play. This study draws inspiration from the analysis of collective movement in nature, such as that observed within schools of fish and flocking birds, to explore the existence of collective states within the phases of play in soccer. Order parameters and metrics describing group motion and shape are derived from player movement tracks to uncover the nature of the team’s collective states and transitions. This represents a unique addition to the current body of work around the analysis of player movement in team sports. The results from this study demonstrate that sequences of ordered collective behaviours exist with relatively rapid transitions between highly aligned polar and un-ordered swarm behaviours (and vice-versa). Defensive phases of play have a higher proportion of ordered team movement than attacking phases, indicating that movements linked with attacking tactics, such as player dispersion to generate passing and shooting opportunities leads to lower overall collective order. Exploration within this study suggests that defensive tactics, such as reducing the depth or width to close passing opportunities, allows for higher team movement speeds and increased levels of collective order. This study provides a novel view of player movement by visualising the collective states present across the phases of play in football.

scholarly journals The effect of subordinate motivation on performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-574
Author(s):  
Euijin Kang ◽  
EunKyoung Chung ◽  
YoungWoo Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Attributional Style ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Attribution Style ◽  
Personal Need For Structure ◽  
Emotional Display ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to examine whether subordinate attribution style on leader emotional (positive and negative) display moderates the relationship between subordinate achievement motivation/personal need for structure(PNS) and performance. 75 employees in the sales department of a pharmaceutical company participated in the survey. Results showed that subordinates using person-attribution style on leader negative emotional display performed better than those using performance-attribution style, though they had the same high level of explicit achievement motivation and PNS. That is, the moderating role of subordinate attributional style on leader negative emotional display was verified. On the contrary, subordinate attributional style on leader positive emotional display did not moderate the relationship between subordinate explicit achievement motivation/PNS and performance. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals The Perceived Significance of Spirituality on Sri Lankan National Team Players’ Performance

2019 ◽  
pp. 1501-1506
Author(s):  
Perera H. P. N. ◽  
Jusoh M. ◽  
Azam S. M. F. ◽  
Sudasinghe S. R. S. N.
Keyword(s):  
Team Sports ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
National Team ◽  
Perceived Performance ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
Study Population ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the relationship between spirituality and perceived performance in team sports players. A standard spirituality questionnaire was used to assess the exogenous variable. The endogenous variable of the study was perceived performance and was measured through a questionnaire of a likert scale which was adopted from literature. Subjective performances of the players were derived opposed to objective performance. Data had been collected from Sri Lankan national team players who are engaged in team sports of football, basketball, Elle, volleyball, Hockey, Kabaddi, Netball, Rugby and Throw ball. The study population was 308 national team players and the universal sampling technique was used. The study results reveal that there is a positive relationship between spirituality and performance of the players.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Self-Confidence and Performance of Gymnastic Elements // Povezanost samopouzdanja i uspješnosti izvođenja gimnastičkih elemenata

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Mrđa ◽  
Saša Jovanović ◽  
Sanja Srdić ◽  
Adrijana Ljubojević
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Back Handspring ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Confidence Scale

The aim of this research was to establish a relation between self-confidence and self-concept, on the one hand, and the performance of the apparatus elements and the floor routine, on the other. The research included 29 subjects, aged 20 to 27, with the average age of the subjects being 21 years old (M= 21.16, SD= 1.54). The following measurement instruments were used: RSES (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) and SC-6, as well as the evaluation of the performance of the floor exercises (side-to-side and front-to-back cartwheel, roundoff, front and back handspring, forward and backward flip) and a vault (squat through on the vault and straddle vault with pre-flight, front handspring on vault, roundoff vault) and with the apparatus: the high bar (uprise on bars with legs together, kip, front mill circle, back circle, underswing dismount) and the parallel bars (swing, forward roll, back roll, shoulder stand, front toss dismount, back toss dismount) by a three-member committee. The results showed that Rosenberg’s confidence scale produced statistically significant correlations with all the remaining subscales of moderate or high intensity, and the highest one with the scale of the self-concept (rs= .73), while the lowest one with the scale related to the performance of gymnastic elements on the apparatus (rs = .45) (Cohen, 1988 according to Cumming, 2012). In contrast to this scale, the scale of the self-concept is in statistically significant correlation with the gymnastic elements (rs = .61) on the floor and the vault, while the statistically significant correlation of this scale is missing with the gymnastic elements on the apparatus. It can be concluded that a high level of confidence in one’s own abilities through the entire training period enabled a better access to learning, repetition and, finally, the demonstration of the selected gymnastics elements, while the level of general satisfaction was not a decisive factor in the process.

scholarly journals Repeated Sprints: An Independent Not Dependent Variable

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Taylor ◽  
Tom W. Macpherson ◽  
Iain R. Spears ◽  
Matthew Weston
Keyword(s):  
Team Sports ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Repeated Sprints ◽  
Training Strategy ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The ability to repeatedly perform sprints has traditionally been viewed as a key performance measure in team sports, and the relationship between repeated-sprint ability (RSA) and performance has been explored extensively. However, when reviewing the repeated-sprint profile of team-sports match play it appears that the occurrence of repeated-sprint bouts is sparse, indicating that RSA is not as important to performance as commonly believed. Repeated sprints are, however, a potent and time-efficient training strategy, effective in developing acceleration, speed, explosive leg power, aerobic power, and high-intensity-running performance—all of which are crucial to team-sport performance. As such, we propose that repeated-sprint exercise in team sports should be viewed as an independent variable (eg, a means of developing fitness) as opposed to a dependent variable (eg, a means of assessing fitness/performance).

scholarly journals The Relationship between Preseason Common Screening Tests to Identify Inter-Limb Asymmetries in High-Level Senior and Professional Soccer Players

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1805
Author(s):  
Fernando J. Santos ◽  
Aníbal J. Valido ◽  
Inês S. Malcata ◽  
Cátia C. Ferreira ◽  
Dalton M. Pessôa Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Important Evidence

This study sought to examine inter-limb asymmetries in common screening tests performed during preseason and to analyze the relationship between the performance in the different tests. Nineteen high-level senior and professional soccer players (age: 23.2 ± 3.1 years; height: 181 ± 0.06 cm; body mass: 75.2 ± 4.8 kg) performed several common screening tests during preseason: Dorsiflexion lunge test (DLT); bent knee fall out test (BKFO); y-balance anterior test (YBT A); y-balance posterolateral test (YBT PL); Y-balance posteromedial test (YBT PM); Heel-rise test (HRT) and single leg hamstring bridge test (SLHBT). High levels of reliability (ICC > 0.88 and <0.94) were observed in all the studied variables. Inter-limb significant differences were observed in DLT and YBT PM test (p < 0.01) but YBT A, HRT and SLHBT presented trivial effect size (ES) (0.03; 0.07 and 0.13, respectively), contrary to DLT, BKFO and YBT PL, all with small ES (0.20; −0.23 and −0.22) and YBT PM, which revealed very large ES (2.91). Considering all data, high-level senior and professional soccer players present fairly good mean values of lower limb symmetry. Performance considering all tests was different, a fact associated with different biomechanical dynamics (e.g., YBT), nonetheless, the correlations between tests underline the relationship between these, which could represent important evidence to consider for injury prevention and performance enhancement programs.

scholarly journals Affective States and Performance Outcomes – The Findings of Preliminary Research Involving Pentathletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Samełko ◽  
Monika Guszkowska
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
State Variables ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction. The aim of this article is to discuss the relationship between affective states experienced by athletes and the outcome of their performance. The article presents the findings of a pilot study which made it possible to determine the relationship between the emotional states, mood, and level of stress of a group of pentathletes and the outcomes they achieved in a sports competition. Material and methods. The study involved 12 senior modern pentathletes, including 7 male and 5 female athletes. The following standard psychology questionnaires were used in the study: the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and the Profile of Mood State (POMS). Performance was assessed based on the number of points achieved by the pentathletes in particular events in the pentathlon, which are held according to the rules set by the International Modern Pentathlon Union (UIPM). Results. The findings of the study confirmed that there was a correlation between the athletes’ mood and emotions and the outcome of their performance. The level of stress strongly negatively correlated with both the outcome they expected to achieve and the one they actually achieved for the combined event (running and shooting). For this event a relationship was also found between the athletes’ affective states and their outcomes: in running and shooting there was a positive and statistically significant correlation between the level of positive emotions and anger and the results achieved. However, friendliness, one of the other affective state variables that were measured, correlated negatively with the outcomes of the athletes’ performance. Conclusions. In the group of pentathletes who participated in the study, a high level of anger was associated with better outcomes, and a high level of friendliness had an adverse effect on the results achieved. The findings of the current study confirm that there is a relationship between affective states and performance outcomes, but the findings do not correspond with Morgan’s iceberg profile.

A Study on Mediating Effect of Learning on Training and Performance: Evidence from the Banking Sector in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 411-417
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Performance Training ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Bank Employees ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Learning And Performance

Literature is abundant on the relationship between training and learning; learning and performance; training and performance, but there is little evidence for mediating of learnings on the relationship between training and performance for bank employees. Using regression analysis, the current study, based on a sample of 600 bank employees from India, studied the mediation of learning on the relationship between training and performance. The study found a high level of mediating effect of learning on performance. The relationship between learning and performance was found to be 61.7 percent which implied that performance resulted from learnings and more training bring about enhanced learning which shall translate into better performance. Another significant finding was that employees who were not promoted or working in the same position for a long time did not show an improvement in performance even with training. Therefore, periodic changes in designation (promotions) would make training more effective.

Strength Training for Athletes: Does It Really Help Sports Performance?

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. McGuigan ◽  
Glenn A. Wright ◽  
Steven J. Fleck
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Training Research ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The use of strength training designed to increase underlying strength and power qualities in elite athletes in an attempt to improve athletic performance is commonplace. Although the extent to which strength and power are important to sports performance may vary depending on the activity, the associations between these qualities and performance have been well documented in the literature. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of strength training research to determine if it really helps improve athletic performance. While there is a need for more research with elite athletes to investigate the relationship between strength training and athletic performance, there is sufficient evidence for strength training programs to continue to be an integral part of athletic preparation in team sports.

scholarly journals The relationship between resilience and empowering leader behaviour of nurse managers in the mining healthcare sector

Curationis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babalwa Tau ◽  
Emmerentia Du Plessis ◽  
Daleen Koen ◽  
Suria Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Nurse Managers ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Team Members ◽  
High Staff Turnover ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The South African mining healthcare sector faces injuries, illnesses including HIV and AIDS and high staff turnover rates. In this sector, nurse managers should create an optimal environment for providing nursing care by motivating, influencing and empowering nurses.Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nurse managers’ resilience and empowering leader behaviour in this sector.Method: The study employed a quantitative, descriptive and correlational design. The research population comprised 31 nurse managers, 101 professional nurses, 79 enrolled nurses and 79 enrolled nursing auxiliaries who participated in the study. Two questionnaires were used as data collection methods, namely Wagnild and Young’s Resilience Scale Questionnaire to investigate the resilience of nurse managers and the Empowering Leadership Questionnaire to measure empowering leader behaviour of the nurses supervised by a particular nurse manager.Results: Out of 31 nurse managers, 8 had a low level, 19 had a moderate level and 4 had a high level of resilience. According to Hoteling’s t-test the nurse managers in the low resilience group displayed lower empowering leader behaviour as perceived by their team members than those in the high resilience group in terms of the five factors included in the Empowerment Leadership Questionnaire.Conclusion: Respondents with high resilience scores tended to have higher leader empowering behaviour.Recommendations include the strengthening of nurse managers’ resilience through workshops and reflection practices, debriefing and performance feedback sessions.

Attentional Control and Performance Across Increasing Degrees of Unreliable Automation

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1238-1241
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Out Of The Loop ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Task

Automation is becoming increasingly pervasive across various technological domains. As this trend continues, work must be done to understand how humans interact with these automated systems. However, individual differences can influence performance during these interactions, particularly as automation becomes more complex, potentially leaving operators out-of-the-loop. Much of the current research investigates the role of working memory and performance across low and high levels of unreliable automation. There is little work investigating the connection between other high-level cognitive processes such as attentional control and performance. Foroughi et al. (2019) found a positive correlation between attentional control and task performance. However, they only included a low-level form of automation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between attentional control and performance using increasing degrees of unreliable automation. Our results demonstrated a positive correlation between attentional control and performance using high-level unreliable automation.

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