scholarly journals Repeated Sprints: An Independent Not Dependent Variable

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Taylor ◽  
Tom W. Macpherson ◽  
Iain R. Spears ◽  
Matthew Weston
Keyword(s):  
Team Sports ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Repeated Sprints ◽  
Training Strategy ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The ability to repeatedly perform sprints has traditionally been viewed as a key performance measure in team sports, and the relationship between repeated-sprint ability (RSA) and performance has been explored extensively. However, when reviewing the repeated-sprint profile of team-sports match play it appears that the occurrence of repeated-sprint bouts is sparse, indicating that RSA is not as important to performance as commonly believed. Repeated sprints are, however, a potent and time-efficient training strategy, effective in developing acceleration, speed, explosive leg power, aerobic power, and high-intensity-running performance—all of which are crucial to team-sport performance. As such, we propose that repeated-sprint exercise in team sports should be viewed as an independent variable (eg, a means of developing fitness) as opposed to a dependent variable (eg, a means of assessing fitness/performance).

Development of a Soccer Simulation Protocol to Include Repeated Sprints and Agility

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keeron J. Stone ◽  
Jonathan L. Oliver ◽  
Michael G. Hughes ◽  
Michael R. Stembridge ◽  
Daniel J. Newcombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Match Play ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Repeated Sprints ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
Simulation Protocol ◽  
And Performance

Existing procedures for the simulation of soccer match play fail to incorporate multidirectional and repeated-sprint activities, even though these movements are considered fundamental to match play. In the current study, selected physiological and performance responses were assessed during an adapted version of an existing soccer simulation protocol. Mean heart rates of 163 ± 14 beats·min–1, mean blood lactates of 4.9 ± 2.3 mmol·L-1 and decrements in single-sprint and repeated-sprint performances were observed. The presented adaptations to an existing soccer simulation protocol better reflect the movement characteristics as well as the physiological and performance responses of soccer match play.

Do Anxious Swimmers Swim Slower? Reexamining the Elusive Anxiety-Performance Relationship

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon Burton
Keyword(s):  
Low Complexity ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Moderate Complexity ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this investigation was to utilize a multidimensional measure of anxiety and a more sensitive intraindividual performance measure to evaluate the relationship between anxiety and performance. Three hypotheses were tested. First, cognitive anxiety is more consistently and strongly related to performance than is somatic anxiety. Second, somatic anxiety demonstrates an inverted-U relationship with performance, whereas self-confidence and performance exhibit a positive linear relationship and cognitive anxiety and performance exhibit a negative one. Finally, short duration and high and low complexity events demonstrate stronger relationships between somatic anxiety and performance than do long duration or moderate complexity events. Two samples of swimmers completed the CSAI-2 prior to competition, and performance data were obtained from meet results. Correlational and multiple regression analyses generally supported Hypotheses 1 and 3, while polynomial trend analyses on standardized CSAI-2 scores confirmed trends predicted in Hypothesis 2. Overall, these results not only revealed that improved instrumentation allows demonstration of consistent anxiety-performance relationships, but they also provided additional construct validity for the CSAI-2.

scholarly journals Self-efficacy and performance of the roundhouse kick in taekwondo

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Estevan ◽  
Octavio Álvarez ◽  
Coral Falcó ◽  
Isabel Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Total Response Time ◽  
Psychological Training ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Relationship

Development of self-efficacy scales allows the analysis of athletes’ perceptions and examination of the relationship between perception and performance. The aim of this paper was to: (1) develop a specific self-efficacy scale in a taekwondo task, the roundhouse kick, and (2) analyse the sport performance and its relationship with two self-efficacy scales (specific and general) outcomes according to the athletes’ gender.<strong> </strong>Forty-three taekwondo athletes (33 male and 10 female) participated in this study. The Physical (PSE) and Specific (RKSES) self-efficacy scales were administered. Performance data (impact force and total response time) were acquired by athletes kicking twice to an instrumented target. Results showed that the specific self-efficacy scale has high reliability and is able to predict sport performance in males and females. Males had higher self-efficacy scores and also higher performance results than females. Females’ taekwondo psychological training should be focus on improving their self-efficacy perception in order to increase their performance in the roundhouse kick. This specific self-efficacy scale for the taekwondo roundhouse kick offers empirical information to coaches, sport psychologists and researchers that allow them to predict athletes’ sport performance in the roundhouse kick.

Influence of Perceived Job Enrichment and Goal Characteristics on Employees' Satisfaction, Motivation, and Performance

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léandre J. Maillet
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Work Satisfaction ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Job Descriptive Index ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Job Enrichment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Goal Characteristics

This article describes (a) the relationship of goal setting and job enrichment with work satisfaction, intrinsic work motivation and performance, (b) the importance of growth need strength as a moderating variable, and (c) the evidence for a curvilinear association between job design variables and outcome measures. 117 penitentiary guards received the Job Diagnostic Survey of Hackman and Oldham, the Job Descriptive Index of Smith, et al., Steers' questionnaire on goal characteristics and a performance measure. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that the specificity of goal and job enrichment were equally effective in the prediction of satisfaction and motivation, while difficulty of goals appears to be the best single predictor of work performance. Growth need strength moderated the relationship between difficulty of goals and work satisfaction. The curvilinear effect was nonsignificant.

scholarly journals Volitional regulation and performance of sports gifted young athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 08042
Author(s):  
Natalya Ulyanova ◽  
Oksana Chernykh
Keyword(s):  
Joint Effect ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽  
Athletic Success ◽  
Significant Regression ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The empirical study of the involvement of personal volition in the athletic success of young athletes aged 9 to 18 yearsis presented. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between individual characteristics of volitional processes and the grade of sport performance, determined by the sports qualifications of the respondents.The specifics and requirements ofdifferent kinds of sport have been considered. At the sample of young athletes from 9 to 18 years old (N = 145, M = 13,2 years) for some sports (athletics, rock climbing, football)significant regression models were built. Particular characteristics of volitional processes or their combination were discovered as predictors, and the athlete’s performance was a dependent variable. For other sports disciplines (boxing, rowing, swimming, rhythmic gymnastics), such models could not be identified. Moreover, we established that emotional self-control and determination have a joint effect on the grade of sport performance of athletes who was younger than 13, while for athletesfrom 14 to 18 years oldcommon predictors of performance from among volitional qualities was not found.

Assessment of Body Composition and Sport Performance of Brazilian Paralympic Swim Team Athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radamés M.V. Medeiros ◽  
Eduardo S. Alves ◽  
Valdir A. Lemos ◽  
Paulo A. Schwingel ◽  
Andressa da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Reduced Fat ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Context:Body-composition assessments of high-performance athletes are very important for identifying physical performance potential. Although the relationship between the kinanthropometric characteristics and performance abilities of Olympic swimmers is extremely important, this subject is not completely understood for Paralympic swimmers.Objective:To investigate the relationship between body composition and sport performance in Brazilian Paralympic swimmers 6 mo after training.Design:Experimental pre/posttest design.Setting:Research laboratory and field evaluations of swimming were conducted to verify the 50-m freestyle time of each athlete.Participants:17 Brazilian Paralympic swim team athletes (12 men, 5 women).Main Outcome Measures:Body-composition assessments were performed using a BOD POD, and swimming performance was assessed using the 50-m freestyle, which was performed twice: before and after 6 mo of training.Results:Increased lean mass and significantly reduced relative fat mass and swimming time (P < .05) were observed 6 mo after training. Furthermore, a positive correlation between body-fat percentage and performance (r = .66, P < .05) was observed, but there was no significant correlation between body density and performance (r = –.14, P > .05).Conclusions:After a 6-mo training period, Paralympic swimmers presented reduced fat mass and increased lean body mass associated with performance, as measured by 50-m freestyle time. These data suggest that reduced fat-mass percentage was significantly correlated with improved swimming performance in Paralympic athletes.

scholarly journals The Perceived Significance of Spirituality on Sri Lankan National Team Players’ Performance

2019 ◽  
pp. 1501-1506
Author(s):  
Perera H. P. N. ◽  
Jusoh M. ◽  
Azam S. M. F. ◽  
Sudasinghe S. R. S. N.
Keyword(s):  
Team Sports ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
National Team ◽  
Perceived Performance ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
Study Population ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the relationship between spirituality and perceived performance in team sports players. A standard spirituality questionnaire was used to assess the exogenous variable. The endogenous variable of the study was perceived performance and was measured through a questionnaire of a likert scale which was adopted from literature. Subjective performances of the players were derived opposed to objective performance. Data had been collected from Sri Lankan national team players who are engaged in team sports of football, basketball, Elle, volleyball, Hockey, Kabaddi, Netball, Rugby and Throw ball. The study population was 308 national team players and the universal sampling technique was used. The study results reveal that there is a positive relationship between spirituality and performance of the players.

scholarly journals Industrial diversification and performance in an emerging market

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emel Yücel ◽  
Yıldırım Önal
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Industrial Diversification ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Diversified Firms ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, we investigated the relationship between industrial diversification and firm performance using a market-based performance measure and an accounting measure. We used the data of the firms listed on Borsa Istanbul during the period between 2006 and 2012. The results of the panel data indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between diversification and performance. We found that diversified firms outperformed the single firms. As is compatible with a resource-based approach, it was found that diversified firms tended to use their resources more efficiently compared to single firms.

scholarly journals Predicting Race Performance in Triathlon: The Role of Perfectionism, Achievement Goals, and Personal Goal Setting

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Stoeber ◽  
Mark A. Uphill ◽  
Sarah Hotham
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Personal Goal ◽  
Personal Standards ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Approach Goals ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Race Performance

The question of how perfectionism affects performance is highly debated. Because empirical studies examining perfectionism and competitive sport performance are missing, the present research investigated how perfectionism affected race performance and what role athletes’ goals played in this relationship in two prospective studies with competitive triathletes (Study 1: N = 112; Study 2: N = 321). Regression analyses showed that perfectionistic personal standards, high performance-approach goals, low performance-avoidance goals, and high personal goals predicted race performance beyond athletes’ performance level. Moreover, the contrast between performance-avoidance and performance-approach goals mediated the relationship between perfectionistic personal standards and performance, whereas personal goal setting mediated the relationship between performance-approach goals and performance. The findings indicate that perfectionistic personal standards do not undermine competitive performance, but are associated with goals that help athletes achieve their best possible performance.

The Arousal-Performance Relationship: Task Characteristics and Performance Measures in Track and Field Athletics

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Ebbeck ◽  
Maureen R. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Maximal Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Relationship

Two issues regarding the arousal-performance relationship in sport were addressed in this study: the relationship between task complexity, optimal arousal, and maximal performance, and the appropriateness of using various measures of performance. Data were collected from high school athletes (n=51) across four track and field meets. State anxiety was obtained prior to each performance and three performance measures were obtained (event results, and quality of performance evaluated by the athlete and by the coach). Results indicated that the three performance measures were not equally related to A-state, suggesting that the relationship between arousal and performance results in a different description depending upon the performance measure that is used. Furthermore, degree of task complexity could not be distinguished across various track and field events. When individual events were used to examine the arousal-performance/task complexity relationship, results revealed that level of A-state needed for maximal performance could not be differentiated for specific events, nor could it be determined for above average, average, or below average performances on any one event.

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