Optimizing sowing date for peanut genotypes in arid and semi-arid subtropical regions

Peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an important nut crop extensively grown in rainfed regions of Pakistan. The crop requires low inputs; thus, could grow successfully under diverse environmental conditions. Due to pegging ability, peanut grows aggressively in sandy and sandy-loam soils. However, it has not introduced to Thal region of southern Punjab, Pakistan. A two-year field experiment was conducted to optimize sowing dates for two peanut genotypes (‘BARI-2016’ and ‘NO-334’) in Thal region (Layyah). Similarly, a yield trial was conducted at Chakwal where both genotypes are extensively grown. Five sowing dates (10th April, 1st May, 20th May, 10th June and 30th June) were included in the study. The highest seed yield was obtained with early sown crop (10th April) during both years. Pod formation reduced with increasing atmospheric temperature and no pods were formed on the plants sown on 30th June. Decreased pod formation seemed a major reason for low yield in late-sown crop. The highest yield was observed for the crop sown on 10th April, which was decreased by 40% for the crop sown on 1st May. Genotype ‘BARI-2016’ performed better for seed yield at both locations compared with ‘NO-334’. The results suggested that genotype ‘BARI-2016’ is more adaptive to arid and semi-arid condition under rainfed or irrigated conditions. Sowing peanut at optimum time would increase seed yield in arid and semi-arid regions. Nonetheless, ‘BARI-2016’ can be grown under rainfed and irrigated conditions successfully.

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Physiological Traits Study to Identify Suitable Mustard Genotype for Late Sown Condition of Northern Part of India

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-5692 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Akanksha Singh Yadav ◽

Lallu . ◽

Maharaj Singh

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Oil Content ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Indian Mustard ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Rabi Season ◽

Sowing Time ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Loam Soil

Background: Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is a prominent seed crop grown in most of the northern part of India. It is also grown in different cropping systems where sowing time differs as per availability of vacant field prior to preceding crop. Being a rabi season (winter) crop its physiological as well as morphological developments are markedly influenced by temperature condition.Methods: An investigation was carried out during rabi season of 2010-11 and 2011-2012 at oilseeds research farm Kanpur (UP) with 4 sowing dates (30th Sept. 11th 21st, 31st Oct.) and 5 genotypes (Kranti, Maya, PAC-437, PBR-357, Rohini) of mustard on sandy loam soil under irrigated condition to study different physiological and yield attributing characters.Result: The results shown that among the sowing dates, 11th October registered the highest values of specific leaf weight (SLW), Crop Growth rate (CGR) estimated at 60-90 DAS, seed yield and oil content. The early sowing at 30th Sept. registered significantly lowest seed yield (1880 Kgha-1) and seed oil content (38%). In case of genotypes, PAC-437 registered highest values of SLW (29.60 mgcm-2), NAR (113.3 mg dm-2 day-1), RGR (26.7 mg g-1 day-1), CGR (0.94g plant-1 day) at 60-90 DAS, seed yield (2079 kg ha-1). The interaction effect of sowing date × genotypes was found significant in most of the cases. Thus, the results concluded in Indian condition specially the northern part, 11th October proved to be the optimum sowing time of mustard. As far as the genotype is concerned, Kranti perform well of this date of sowing while PAC-437 proved its superiority over other genotypes as well as different sowings date of October month.

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Evaluation of Genotype, Environment, and Management Interactions on Fava Beans under Mediterranean Field Conditions

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1088

Author(s):

Mohamed Houssemeddine Sellami ◽

Antonella Lavini ◽

Davide Calandrelli ◽

Giuseppe De Mastro ◽

Cataldo Pulvento

Keyword(s):

Vicia Faba ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Sowing Date ◽

South Italy ◽

Vicia Faba L ◽

Fava Beans ◽

Total Seed

Faba beans (Vicia faba L.), also known as fava beans, like other crops, are influenced by several factors: their genotype, environment, and management, as well as the interaction between these, have an important impact on seed yielding and seed quality traits. This study was conducted at three locations in South Italy between 2017 and 2019 to evaluate the sowing date effect on yield and yield components of three Vicia faba L., originating from cool climates. The results showed that seed yield (SY) and yield components declined with sowing delay. The crop’s environment (year × site) and management (sowing date) were found to explain 34.01% and 42.95% of the total seed yield variation, respectively. The data showed that the tested genotypes were positively influenced by the environment with sandy loam soil and early winter sowing date, resulting in either a greater number of SY and THS than in the other environment. The three faba bean genotypes showed tolerance to winter frost conditions in the two growing seasons.

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Application of physiological understanding in soybean improvement. I. Understanding phenological constraints to adaptation and yield potential

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp10289 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

R. J. Lawn ◽

A. T. James

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Environmental Control ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Companion Paper ◽

Interaction Effects ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Eastern Australia

The purpose of this paper and its companion1 is to describe how, in eastern Australia, soybean improvement, in terms of both breeding and agronomy, has been informed and influenced over the past four decades by physiological understanding of the environmental control of phenology. This first paper describes how initial attempts to grow soybean in eastern Australia, using varieties and production practices from the southern USA, met with limited success due to large variety × environment interaction effects on seed yield. In particular, there were large variety × location, variety × sowing date, and variety × sowing date × density effects. These various interaction effects were ultimately explained in terms of the effects of photo-thermal environment on the phenology of different varieties, and the consequences for radiation interception, dry matter production, harvest index, and seed yield. This knowledge enabled the formulation of agronomic practices to optimise sowing date and planting arrangement to suit particular varieties, and underpinned the establishment of commercial production in south-eastern Queensland in the early 1970s. It also influenced the establishment and operation over the next three decades of several separate breeding programs, each targeting phenological adaptation to specific latitudinal regions of eastern Australia. This paper also describes how physiological developments internationally, particularly the discovery of the long juvenile trait and to a lesser extent the semi-dwarf ideotype, subsequently enabled an approach to be conceived for broadening the phenological adaptation of soybeans across latitudes and sowing dates. The application of this approach, and its outcomes in terms of varietal improvement, agronomic management, and the structure of the breeding program, are described in the companion paper.

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Effective Seed Yield and Flowering Synchrony of Parents of CIMMYT Three-Way-Cross Tropical Maize Hybrids

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11020161 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 161

Author(s):

Alberto A. Chassaigne-Ricciulli ◽

Leopoldo E. Mendoza-Onofre ◽

Leobigildo Córdova-Téllez ◽

Aquiles Carballo-Carballo ◽

Félix M. San Vicente-García ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Planting Density ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Flowering Synchrony ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Grain Filling Period ◽

Hybrid Maize

Genotype, environmental temperature, and agronomic management of parents influence seed yield in three-way cross hybrid maize seed production. The objective of this research was to generate information on the seed production of six three-way cross hybrids and their progenitors, adapted to tropical lowlands. Data on days to—and duration of—flowering, distance to spike and stigmas, and seed yield of five female single crosses and five male inbred lines were recorded for different combinations of four planting densities and four sowing dates in Mexico. The effect of planting density was not significant. The male inbred line T10 was the earliest and highest seed yield and T31 the latest, occupying second place in yield. The single crosses T32/T10 and T13/T14 were the earliest and had the highest effective seed yield. At the earliest sowing date, the females were later in their flowering, accumulated fewer growing degree days (GDD), and obtained higher yields since the grain-filling period coincided with hot days and cool nights. To achieve greater floral synchronization and therefore greater production of hybrid seed, differential planting dates for parents are recommended based on information from the accumulated GDD of each parent. The three-way cross hybrids were classified according to the expected seed yield of the females and the complexity in the synchronization of flowering of their parents.

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Selection of Lentil (Lens culunaris L.) Lines Grown at Different Sowing Dates for Their Precocity and Their Agronomic Performance under Semi-arid Climate of Tunisia

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-623 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. Ouji ◽

M. Mechri ◽

S. Wassli ◽

K. Shiv ◽

M. Kharrat

Keyword(s):

Arid Zone ◽

Sowing Date ◽

High Yield ◽

Research Station ◽

Short Cycle ◽

Cropping Season ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Significant Yield ◽

Semi Arid ◽

Selection Of

Background: In Tunisia, water deficit and heat stress during the end of cycle are more frequent and causes significant yield losses. Selection of short cycle lines could be a good solution to escape the effect of heat and drought during the end of cycle. Furthermore, there is little published information on the effect of the sowing date on yield and its components in lentils. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the sowing date on yield and its components of some lentil lines. The best productive and early lines will be selected and therefore proposed for registration in the official catalog of plant varieties. The availability of these varieties to farmers could increase lentil production. Methods: Sixteen genotypes of lentil out of which 14 were advanced lines and 2 were checks varieties were used in this study. The field experiment was conducted during the 2017-2018 cropping season at Kef research station located in a semi-arid zone in north western Tunisia. Genotypes were sown on December 15th, 2017 and February, 7th, 2018. Seventeen agro-morphological parameters were recorded. Result: Based on agro-morphological analysis, lentil lines exhibited considerable genetic variability. Among the tested lines, L3 line seem to be the earliest lines. It showed high yield as well in timely and late sown dates. This line deserves more attention to develop short-cycle and high yielding variety.

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Seed yield of two new quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) breeding lines as affected by sowing date in Central Italy

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2019.113.1.05 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 113 (1) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paolo CASINI

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Central Italy ◽

Chenopodium Quinoa ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Saponin Content ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Stage Development ◽

Sowing Period ◽

Phenological Phases

<p>Research on the introduction of quinoa in Italy is currently lacking. The present research was aimed at identifying the correct sowing period. Field experiment was consucted in Cesa, Tuscany, in 2017. Two new breeding lines coded as DISPAA-Q42 and DISPAA-Q47-CB were utilized. Three sowing dates (SD) were implemented: February 23; March 17 and April 27. Results showed that the most successful SD was February 23. A significant decrease in both seed yield and a delay in phenological phases, relating to plant maturation and flowering was associated with the sequential delay in SD in both lines. Results also showed a significant effect of lines on yield, true-leaf stage development, flower development and maturity. Only DISPAA-Q42 was considered suitable for cultivation in the Tuscan environment. DISPAA-Q47-CB was the more susceptible line, due to the sequential delay in SD and delayed plant maturation. No effect between lines was evident for protein and saponin content. The present study clearly shows the potential for the successful cultivation of quinoa in Central Italy, and highlights the necessity of taking into consideration both breeding lines and SD in order to accomplish this goal.</p>

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Sowing date affects yield components of canarygrass seed

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p02-037 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 357-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. L. Bodega ◽

M. A. De Dios ◽

M. M. Pereyra Iraola

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Block Design ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Four Blocks ◽

Number Of Seeds

Canarygrass (Phalaris canariensis L.) crops are sown from June to mid-September in the southeastern area of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Sowing dates in this range result in different growing temperatures and photoperiods that affect the duration of developmental stages, biomass production, and seed yield and its components. For Argentina, there are no reported studies that address these effects. This study on the effects of sowing date was conducted during four growing seasons (1996–1999) at the Instituto Nacional de Tecnologí a Agropecuaria (INTA) Experimental Station at Balcarce, Argentina, using a population provided by Dr. Jaime Lloveras, University of Leyda, Spain. Different seeding dates were chosen from June to mid-September. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four blocks. When the sowing date was delayed, total dry matter (DM) decreased. For early sowing dates seed yield was constant, but after 10 August it was reduced by 1.5% for each day of delay. Earlier sowing increased the duration of pre-anthesis development with greater uniformity in panicle size and the number of seeds. Seed yield was related lin early to the number of seeds and plant dry matter yield (DMY). The rate of progress from emergence to anthesis (1/days from emergence to anthesis) was proportional to the mean photoperiod. Under the environmental conditions in Balcarce, the accumulated required thermal units for anthesis was reduced when sowing was delayed from June to September. This reduction was related to the photoperiod and was estimated as –189.3 growing degree-days per hour of photoperiod increment. Key words: Canarygrass, seed yield, sowing date, yield components

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Effect of sowing dates and late season water deficit stress on quantitative and qualitative traits of canola cultivars

Outlook on Agriculture ◽

10.1177/0030727018793658 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 291-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Parisa Nazeri ◽

Amir Hossein Shirani Rad ◽

Seyed Alireza ValadAbadi ◽

Mojtaba Mirakhori ◽

Esmaeil Hadidi Masoule

Keyword(s):

Erucic Acid ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Late Season ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Oil Percentage ◽

Quantitative And Qualitative Traits ◽

Acid Percentage

To investigate the effects of sowing dates and late season water deficit stress on quantitative and qualitative traits of different canola cultivars, a 2-year field experiment was carried out in the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 growing seasons. The experimental factors consisted of sowing date at two levels (7th and 27th October), irrigation at two levels (full irrigation and irrigation termination at silique formation stage) and four German canola cultivars including Trapper, Makro, Smilla, and Agamax. The results indicated that the main effects of sowing date, irrigation, and cultivar were significant on all studied characteristics except for harvest index. The interaction between sowing date and irrigation was also statistically significant on silique number per plant, oil percentage, linolenic acid, and erucic acid percentage. The results demonstrated that seed yield and its components oil percentage and oil yield, as well as oleic and linoleic acid percentage, decreased when sowing date was delayed until 27th October. Due to irrigation termination, all the studied traits decreased except for linolenic and erucic acid. Seed yield also decreased. The results suggest that to improve seed and oil yield, canola should be sown on 7th October and fully irrigated until physiological maturity stage in the study area.

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Thermal indices in relation to crop phenology and seed yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) grown in the north bank plains zone of Assam

MAUSAM ◽

10.54302/mausam.v67i2.1328 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 397-404

Author(s):

RIJUMANI RAJBONGSHI ◽

PRASANTA NEOG ◽

P. K. SARMA ◽

KUSHAL SARMAH ◽

M. K. SARMA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Growth Period ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Thermal Indices ◽

Seed Formation ◽

Physiological Maturity ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Use Efficiency

Two varieties of pigeon pea viz., BC (local) and ICPL 88039 were grown on the sandy loam soils of AICRPDA research farm of B. N. College of Agriculture, AAU in two consecutive kharif seasons of 2012-13 to 2013-14. Both the cultivars were sown on three different dates at ten days interval starting from 3rd June to 23rd June. GDD accumulation for attaining different phenological events viz., emergence, initiation of 1st flower bud and flower appearance, 50 per cent flowering, 1st pod formation, 1st seed formation and physiological maturity were worked out. The cumulative GDD accumulations up to physiological maturity were relatively higher in BC (local) which varied from 3395.6 to 3593.5 °C day, whereas, in ICPL 88039, it varied from 2945.0 to 3296.7 °C day in different sowings and seasons. A decreasing trend in accumulated GDD for attaining any Phenological event was observed with successive delay in sowings in both the cultivars in the two seasons. In both the crop seasons, Pheno-Thermal Index (PTI) varied from 16.67 to 18.18 °C day growth day-1, in BC (local) and 18.31 to 19.11 °C day growthday-1 in ICPL 88039 during the vegetative growth period under all the sowing dates while, in the reproductive growth stage, it was comparatively lower and ranged from 7.96 to 8.23 °C day growthday-1 in BC (local) and 10.28 to 11.87 °C day growthday-1 in ICPL 88039. Seed yield heat use efficiency (HUE) in BC (local) varied from 0.207 to 0.296 kg ha-1 °Cday-1, whereas, in ICPL 88039 it varied from 0.201 to 0.312 kg ha-1°Cday-1 under different sowing dates in both crop seasons. Seed yield heat use efficiency was relatively higher in 2013-14 followed by 2012-13 in both the cultivars which indicated the significant differences in using the heat, available to the plants.

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