scholarly journals Immune status changing helps diagnose osteoarticular tuberculosis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252875
Author(s):  
Tuo Liang ◽  
Jiarui Chen ◽  
GuoYong Xu ◽  
Zide Zhang ◽  
Jiang Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osteoarticular Tuberculosis ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Healthy Control

Objective This study is aimed to develop a new nomogram for the clinical diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis (TB). Methods xCell score estimation to obtained the immune cell type abundance scores. We downloaded the expression profile of GSE83456 from GEO and proceed xCell score estimation. The routine blood examinations of 326 patients were collected for further validation. We analyzed univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identified independent predicted factor for developing the nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The correlation of ESR with lymphocytes, monocytes, and ML ratio was performed and visualized in osteoarticular TB patients. Results Compared with the healthy control group in the dataset GSE83456, the xCell score of basophils, monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets was higher, while lymphoid was lower in the EPTB group. The clinical data showed that the cell count of monocytes were much higher, while the cell counts of lymphocytes were lower in the osteoarticular TB group. AUCs of the nomogram was 0.798 for the dataset GSE83456, and 0.737 for the clinical data. We identified the ML ratio, BMI, and ESR as the independent predictive factors for osteoarticular TB diagnosis and constructed a nomogram for the clinical diagnosis of osteoarticular TB. AUCs of this nomogram was 0.843. Conclusions We demonstrated a significant change between the ML ratio of the EPTB and non-TB patients. Moreover, we constructed a nomogram for the clinical diagnosis of the osteoarticular TB diagnosis, which works satisfactorily.

Expression of Glucocorticoid Receptors in the Early Period After the Return of Spontaneous Circulation Among Patients Who Experienced Cardiac Arrest : A Retrospective Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Yu ◽  
Ziren Tang ◽  
Jiabao Li ◽  
Miaorong Xie ◽  
Chenchen Hang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Cortisol ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Background: Rapid changes in glucocorticoid (GC) levels and adrenal insufficiency are related to the development of post-cardiac arrest syndrome. However, changes in glucocorticoid receptors (GR) have not been studied. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association of early changes in GR and prognosis and immune response in patients who experienced cardiac arrest (CA). Methods: In this observational single-center case-control study, we enrolled patients who were in the early period of return of spontaneous circulation after CA and were admitted to the emergency department of the Beijing Chaoyang Hospital between October 2018 and October 2019. Age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were recruited for the control group after a physical examination.GR expression and cell counts of circulatory T and B lymphocytes, natural killer, and regulatory T (Treg) cells were assessed. Plasma total cortisol and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) levels were tested. Since the data for total cortisol and ACTH levels had a skewed distribution, we compared our results with the natural logarithmic conversion values after adding 1 (ln [total cortisol+ 1], ln [ACTH+ 1]). Measurement data with a skewed distribution are expressed as medians (25th and 75th percentiles). The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare variables between groups. The qualitative parameters in the 2 × 2 contingency table were used for analysis.Results: Overall, 85 patients who experienced CA and 40 healthy individuals were enrolled. All cell counts were lower and plasma total cortisol levels were higher (P<0.001) in patients who experienced CA than those in the healthy control group. GR expression in Treg cells and CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes was not significantly different, but the mean fluorescence intensity and GR expression in other cells were lower in patients who experienced CA (P<0.05) than those in the healthy control group. ACTH levels did not show any difference. There were no significant differences between survivors and non-survivors. Conclusion: Our findings provide insights into GC sensitivity and immunosuppressive status in these patients, and a new perspective for GC targeted treatment.

scholarly journals Simulated bacterial infection disrupts the circadian fluctuation of immune cells in wrinkle-lipped bats (Chaerephon plicatus)

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Weise ◽  
Gábor A. Czirják ◽  
Oliver Lindecke ◽  
Sara Bumrungsri ◽  
Christian C. Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carrier Liquid ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Body Mass Changes

BackgroundLeukocyte concentrations follow a circadian pattern in mammals, with elevated values at times of potential contact with pathogens and parasites. We hypothesized that this pattern is disturbed after an immune challenge.MethodsIn Thailand, we captured wrinkle-lipped bats (Chaerephon plicatus), when they returned to their colony at dawn. We challenged half of the animals (experimental group) with bacterial lipopolysaccharides and treated the others only with the carrier liquid (control group). We then compared body mass changes and differences in circulating immune cell counts at 8 h post-treatment.ResultsIn experimental animals, we observed an increase in total leukocyte and neutrophil numbers of 17% and 95%, respectively. In control animals, concentrations of leukocytes decreased by 44% and those of neutrophils remained constant. Experimental treatment had no effect on lymphocytes, yet changes in eosinophil numbers were explained by sex. Eosinophils decreased by 66% in females and by 62% in males. Basophils and monocytes were rarest among all observed cell types and analysis was either impossible because of low numbers or yielded no significant effects, respectively.DiscussionOur findings show that a simulated bacterial infection triggered a neutrophil-associated immune response in wrinkle-lipped bats, indicating a disruption of the diurnal fluctuation of immune cells. Our study suggests that bats exhibit circadian rhythms in immune cell counts. The magnitude of these fluctuations may vary across species according to specific-specific infection risks associated with colony sizes or specific roosting habits.

scholarly journals Analysis of Eyelid Blink Characteristics in Patients with Ptosis Using a Smartphone Camera

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 873-880
Author(s):  
Taesung Joo ◽  
Jin-Ho Joo ◽  
In-Ki Park ◽  
Jae-Ho Shin
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Palpebral Fissure ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Receiver Operating

Purpose: To compare eyelid blink characteristics between patients with ptosis and healthy controls using a smartphone camera. Methods: The ptosis group consisted of 20 senile aponeurotic ptosis patients with margin reflex distance1 ≤2.5 mm and the control group consisted of 10 healthy subjects without ptosis. The ptosis group was further divided into two groups based on an age cutoff of 70 years. Palpebral fissure height, levator function, margin reflex distance1, inter-blink interval, blink duration, blink rate, and blink velocity were measured and compared between the three groups based on photographs of the eyelids and videos of blinking taken with a smartphone camera. Results: The palpebral fissure height, levator function, margin reflex distance1, and blink velocity were lower in the ptosis groups than in the control group but these values did not differ between the two ptosis groups. The palpebral fissure height, levator function, and margin reflex distance1 were correlated with blink velocity. In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of blink velocity, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve value was as high as 0.969 and the cut-off value was 32.36 mm/s. Conclusions: It is possible to analyze eyelid blink characteristics using a smartphone camera and the results confirmed that palpebral fissure height, levator function, margin reflex distance1, and blink velocity were lower in the senile aponeurotic ptosis group than in the healthy control group and were unaffected by age. Additionally, blink velocity is valuable for diagnosis of ptosis due to the correlation between the degree of ptosis, blink velocity, and the ROC curve of blink velocity.

The Utility of MRI to Diagnose Ischifemoral Impingement by Assessing the Ischiofemoral and Quadratus Femoris Spaces During Femoral External Rotation

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Yu Xiang Zhang ◽  
Bao Hai Yu ◽  
Shu Ying Shao ◽  
Xiao Shuai Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Rotation Angle ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Ischiofemoral Space ◽  
Hip Rotation

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore if the dimensions of the ischiofemoral space on MRI vary with changes in external femoral rotation in Ischifemoral Impingement patients relative to healthy control; if so, to determine the optimal diagnostic cutoff values of these dimensions in Ischifemoral Impingement. Methods: The study included 43 clinically confirmed Ischifemoral Impingement patients and 50 healthy volunteers. All subjects underwent hip MRI examinations with their hips externally rotated at 0°, 30°, and 60°. The IFS and QFS were measured respectively at each angle. The measurements were compared between the IFI group and the control group to determine the optimal diagnostic cutoff values for diagnosing IFI by using IFS and QFS measurements. Results: In the IFI group, the spaces were smaller than those of the control group at all rotation angles (P < 0.05 for each). When external rotation angles were increased, the IFS and QFS tended to decrease. QFSs were smaller in the case group than the control group at each rotation angle. The receiver operating characteristic areas under the curves of IFS and QFS in a neutral position of 0° were highest. Conclusion: Both of the IFS and QFS spaces of IFI patients were found to be smaller than those of the control group, regardless of the external hip rotation angles. A neutral position of 0° was deemed the best position for diagnosing IFI. The diagnostic cutoff values of IFS and QFS were 2.44cm and 1.34cm in the neutral position, respectively.

Neuroimmunological parameters in panic disorder

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. van Duinen ◽  
K. R. J. Schruers ◽  
E. J. L. Griez ◽  
M. Maes
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Healthy Control

Background:The interaction between immune cells, neurotransmitters and the neuroendocrinological systems plays a role in affective disorders, especially depression. Although panic disorder (PD) shares a lot of features with depression, it is clearly a distinct disorder. Reports on immunological parameters in PD don't provide a clear picture of the immunological status of PD patients. This can partly be attributed to methodological differences between studies and small patient groups.Objective:The present study aims to assemble all studies on immunological parameters in PD in order to combine all available data to gain a broader perspective on this matter.Method:PubMed was searched for studies describing immunological parameters in PD patients without comorbid disorders or medication use. All studies had to include a healthy control group and the outcome measures had to be shared by at least one other study.Results:Fourteen articles were found. Although the T-lymphocytic branch and the innate immune system were normal, the B-lymphocytic branch showed some differences between PD patients and healthy controls. B-cell counts were increased in PD patients, which was underlined by increased human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR counts and increased immunoglobulin A levels. However, B-cell activity following mitogen stimulation was normal.Conclusions:PD patients show increased B-cell numbers. The finding that B-cell activity is not increased can possibly be attributed to functional exhaustion of these cells. The meaning of this finding remains unclear, although it may be potentially important in affective disorders as the same has been found in depression.

Serum exosomal hnRNPH1 mRNA as a novel marker for hepatocellular carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Xu ◽  
Xueyan Dong ◽  
Yueming Chen ◽  
Xianjun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Tumor Emboli ◽  
Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein

AbstractBackground:Distinctive exosomal contents could be useful for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, little is known about whether serum exosomal heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (hnRNPH1) mRNA is a satisfactory biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:Two hundred and ninety-one participants divided into four age- and gender-matched groups, including a HCC group (n=88), a liver cirrhosis (LC) group (n=67), a chronic hepatitis B (CHB) group (n=68) and a healthy control group (n=68), were enrolled. Serum exosomalhnRNPH1mRNA andGAPDHmRNA were measured using TaqMan real-time PCR, and the relative expression levels were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the effectiveness ofhnRNPH1mRNA alone and in combination with α-fetoprotein (AFP) in the diagnosis of HCC. The correlation betweenhnRNPH1mRNA levels and clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS) in HCC was determined.Results:The serum exosomalhnRNPH1mRNA levels in HCC patients were remarkably higher than in the other groups (p<0.05). ThehnRNPH1mRNA discriminated HCC from CHB with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.865, with sensitivity of 85.2% and specificity of 76.5% at cut-off value of 0.670. The AUC forhnRNPH1mRNA in combination with AFP was further improved. The exosomalhnRNPH1mRNA levels in HCC patients were associated with the Child-Pugh classification, portal vein tumor emboli, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and OS (p<0.05).Conclusions:These findings suggested that serum exosomalhnRNPH1mRNA could be an effective marker for HCC in high HBV prevalence areas.

scholarly journals Improvement of Bronchial Immune Hypersensitivity Reaction Using Extracts from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramatuelle and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kyoungwon Cho ◽  
Sung Sun Park ◽  
Hakjoo Choi
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi ◽  
Cell Counts

Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramatuelle and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (skullcap) have been used as safe raw materials for drinking or as traditional medicines in Korea. In this study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of ovalbumin-induced asthma in a mouse model. After establishing the model, mice were treated with a mixture of chrysanthemum and skullcap extracts at different mixing ratios (6 : 4, 7 : 3, and 8 : 2). Immune cell counts and the production of various inflammatory cytokines were measured using biochemical tests. Among the mixtures tested, the 7 : 3 ratio (CS73) showed the most pronounced effects. CS73 significantly reduced the levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17E in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic mice. In addition, CS73 treatment significantly increased the production of IL-2 and interferon-γ and decreased the production of immunoglobulin E, histamine, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin in asthmatic mice compared to the control group. Our results suggest that the combination of chrysanthemum and skullcap extracts, especially at a 7 : 3 ratio, can be used to improve bronchial health and contribute to improved public health.

scholarly journals Interaction of apelin, elabela and nitric oxide in schizophrenia patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekiye Catak ◽  
Hilal Kaya ◽  
Esra Kocdemir ◽  
Kader Ugur ◽  
Saadet Pilten Guzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Age And Sex

Summary BackgroundApelin (APLN), elabela (ELA), and nitric oxide (NO) have effects on physiological and behavioural properties in biological systems. This study was designed to determine APLN, ELA and NO levels in schizophrenia patients and assess whether these molecules are of diagnostic value. Methods A total of 33 schizophrenic patients and 32 age- and sex-adjusted healthy participants were included in the study. ELA, APLN and NO levels were measured using ELISA methods. Results Although the ELA and NO levels of the patients were lower than the control group, APLN levels were higher (p = 0.039, p = 0.019, p = 0.048, respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between APLN levels and triglyceride (TG) and body mass index (BMI) levels (r = -0.426, p = < 0.001 and r = -0.330, p = 0.007, respectively). Respectively, the areas under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the ELA/APLN, ELA/NO and APLN/NO ratios were 0.628, 0.590 and 0.709, 95% confident intervals (CI): 0.491–0.764, 0.450–0.730 and 0.579–0.840. Conclusions Decreased levels of ELA and NO and increased APLN levels in schizophrenia suggest that these molecules may be involved in its etiopathology. The APLN/NO ratio also seems to show promise in the diagnosis of the disease and may be used in future.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Beyond Infection Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hexiang Yin ◽  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Bin Peng ◽  
Liying Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Treatment Interruptions ◽  
The Impact

There is an increasing need for better understanding of the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). A few pilot studies have investigated COVID-19 infections in NMOSD, but few studies have addressed disease activity and immune status of these patients during the pandemic. We carried out a cross-sectional study to examine immune status, relapses, and COVID-19 infections in a cohort of NMOSD patients using an electronic patient registry (MSNMOBase) for multiple sclerosis and related disorders. An online questionnaire was administered to all NMOSD patients in the registry from January 1, 2011, to June 1, 2020. Clinical demographic characteristics, immune status, relapses, treatments, COVID-19 infections, and preventive measures were evaluated. Of the 752 registered patients, 535 (71.1%) with qualified data were included. A total of 486 used preventive therapies during the pandemic, including mycophenolate mofetil (71.2%), azathioprine (13.3%), and other immunosuppressants (6.4%). Neither median immune cell counts nor immunoglobulin levels (p &gt; 0.05) were significantly different between patients with or without immunosuppression. During the pandemic, no patients were diagnosed with COVID-19, and the majority (&gt;95%) took one or more effective protective measures (e.g., wearing a mask and social distancing). However, a significantly higher annualized relapse rate (ARR) was observed in the 33 patients with treatment interruptions due to the pandemic compared to before it (p &lt; 0.05), whereas ARR changes were not found in patients with continuous treatments or those without treatments (p &gt; 0.05). Interruption frequency was significantly higher in patients with relapses compared to those without (34.9 vs. 15.7%, p &lt; 0.01). For stable NMOSD patients during the pandemic, the risk of relapse due to treatment interruption may be higher than the risk of COVID-19 infection when protective measures are used, and continuous relapse-prevention treatments may be necessary.

scholarly journals Gastrin-17 Combined With CEA, CA12-5 and CA19-9 Improves the Sensitivity For the Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Tang-ming Mo ◽  
Lei Tian ◽  
Jun-qiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Area Under Curve ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Operating Characteristic Curve

Abstract Background: Previous studies reported the utility of serum tumor markers (such as CEA, CA12-5 and CA19-9) and gastrin-17 in the diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC). However, the value of these serum markers for diagnosing GC is still under debate.Methods: The level of CEA, CA12-5, CA19-9 and gastrin-17 was tested in 230 GC patients and 99 healthy people. The value of the four markers for diagnosing GC was analyzed.Results: The positive rate of Gastrin-17, CEA, CA199 and CA125 were much higher in GC group (22.61%, 22.61%, 20.00% and 8.26%, respectively) than that of healthy control group (5.05%, 2.02%, 1.01% and 2.02%, respectively). The sensitivity of Gastrin-17, CEA, CA125 and CA199 in the diagnosis of GC were 22.61%, 22.61%, 6.96% and 20.00%, respectively, and the corresponding specificity were 94.95%, 97.98%, 98.99% and 98.99%, respectively. By using the optimal cut-off value derived from the area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve, the AUC of gastin-17, CEA, CA125, CA199 increased to 0.72, 0.64, 0.61 and 0.65, respectively. After combining the four markers, the AUC increased to 0.79 (95% CI: 0.75-0.84), and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 65.22% (95% CI: 58.70% - 71.40%) and 84.85% (95% CI: 76.20% - 91.30%), respectively.Conclusion: CEA, CA12-5, CA19-9 and gastrin-17 were all valuable in the diagnosis of GC, and gastrin-17 had the best diagnostic value among the four markers. Gastrin-17 combined with CEA, CA12-5 and CA19-9 could improve the diagnostic value of GC significantly. Prospective, multi-center studies are needed to validate our findings.

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