Magnitude, components and predictors of metabolic syndrome in Northern Ethiopia: Evidences from regional NCDs STEPS survey, 2016

Background Individuals with metabolic syndrome are five times more susceptible to chronic diseases. Assessment of its magnitude, components, and risk factors is essentials to deploy visible interventions needed to avoid further complications. The study aimed to assess magnitude, components, and predictors of metabolic syndrome in Tigray region northern Ethiopia, 2016. Methods Data were reviewed from Tigray region NCDs STEPs survey data base between May to June 2016. A total of 1476 adults aged 18–64 years were enrolled for the study. Multi-variable regression analysis was performed to estimate the net effect of size to risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. Statistical significance was declared at p-value of ≤0.05 at 95% confidence interval (CI) for an adjusted odds ratio (AOR). Results The study revealed that unadjusted and adjusted prevalence rate of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) were (CPR = 33.79%; 95%CI: 31.29%–36.36%) and (APR = 34.2%; 95% CI: 30.31%–38.06%) respectively. The most prevalent MetS component was low HDL concentration (CPR = 70.91%; 95%CI: 68.47%–73.27%) and (APR = 70.61; 95%CI; 67.17–74.05). While; high fasting blood glucose (CPR = 20.01% (95%CI: 18.03–22.12) and (APR = 21.72; 95%CI; 18.41–25.03) was the least ones. Eating vegetables four days a week, (AOR = 3.69, 95%CI; 1.33–10.22), a salt sauce added in the food some times (AOR = 5.06, 95%CI; 2.07–12.34), overweight (AOR = 24.28, 95%CI; 10.08–58.47] and obesity (AOR = 38.81; 12.20–111.04) had strong association with MetS. Conclusion The magnitude of metabolic syndrome was found to be close to the national estimate. Community awareness on life style modification based on identified MetS components and risk factors is needed to avoid further complications.

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Prevalence of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional, observational study

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191300 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 987

Author(s):

Akash C. Lohakare ◽

Pawan Mehta ◽

Shuchi Singh

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Observational Study ◽

Autonomic Dysfunction ◽

Strong Association ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction

Background: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a distinguished disorder associated with diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. The pathogenesis of CAN in patients with metabolic syndrome still remains unclear. This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome and to correlate different parameters of metabolic syndrome with cardiac autonomic dysfunction.Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, total 100 consecutive cases meeting the inclusion criteria and attending the Department of Medicine in Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi were enrolled. 50 subjects who satisfied the IDF criteria of metabolic syndrome were taken as cases and remaining 50 subjects (age and gender matched) who did not satisfy the IDF criteria were taken as controls. Comparison of categorical variables was made using chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Majority of study population (i.e., 42%) belonged to the age group of 41-50 years. Overall prevalence of cardiac autonomic dysfunction (CAD) was 25%. Prevalence of CAD among cases and controls was 38% and 12%, respectively. Overall distribution of various parameters like waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, HDL-C and serum triglycerides was assessed in all subjects with respect to CAD. Statistically significant association of these parameters was seen with CAD (p-value ≤0.01).Conclusions: In this study, strong association was found between CAD and central obesity, impaired fasting glucose, high blood pressure and dyslipidemia. Thus, the metabolic disorders are good predictors of CAD.

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P644Relative fat mass (RFM) is a better predictor of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome than body mass index (BMI)

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0251 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

O Kobo ◽

R Leiba ◽

O Avizohar ◽

A Karban

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Roc Curves ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Low Hdl ◽

Observational Cohort ◽

High Predictability ◽

The Ideal

Abstract Background The best adiposity measure to help predict cardiovascular risk factors has remained controversial. Relative fat mass (RFM), had been recently developed. We aimed to examine RFM predictability to various cardiometabolic risk factors, compared to BMI. Methods Observational, cohort study, among patients who visited the Periodic Examinations Institute [PEI]. We analysed the correlation between BMI and RFM to hypertension, impaired fasting glucose, high LDL, low HDL and metabolic syndrome, by gender. Using ROC curves, we identified the ideal value of RFM for identification of metabolic syndrome. Results During study years, 20,167 patients visited the PEI and included in the trial. Compared to BMI, RFM showed significantly better predictability (HR, [95% CI, p value]) of high LDL [1.618 (1.441–1.816, p<0.001) vs 0.732 (0.67–0.8, p<0.001) in men; 1.572 (1.377–1.794, p<0.001) vs. 0.938 (0.849–1.163, p=0.94) in women], low HDL [2.944 (2.569–3.373, p<0.001) vs. 2.177 (2–2.369, p<0.001) in men, 2.947 (2.519–3.448, p<0.001) vs 1.9 (1.658–2.176, p<0.001) in women], high triglycerides [4.019 (3.332–4.847, p<0.001) vs 1.994 (1.823–2.181, p<0.001) in men, 3.93 (2.943–5.247, p<0.001) vs. 2.24 (1.887–2.62, p<0.001) in women] and metabolic syndrome [7.479, (4.876–11.47, p<0.001) vs 3.263 (2.944–3.616, p<0.001) in men, 16.247 (8.348–31.619, p<0.001) vs 5.995 (5.099–7.048, p<0.001) in women]. There was no significant difference in the predictability of BMI and RFM to hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The ideal values of RFM for identification of metabolic syndrome were 27.7 for men and 39.8 for women. Conclusions RFM provides high predictability for dyslipidemias and metabolic syndrome in men and women.

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Cardiometabolic syndrome and associated factors among Ethiopian public servants, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-99913-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zeleke Geto ◽

Feyissa Challa ◽

Tadesse Lejisa ◽

Tigist Getahun ◽

Meron Sileshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Preventive Intervention ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

World Health ◽

P Value ◽

Early Screening

AbstractNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasingly becoming the global cause of premature death encompassing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, respiratory diseases and diabetes mellitus. However, cardiometabolic risk factors in the general population, especially among the high-risk groups have rarely been assessed in Ethiopia. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, its components and associated factors among staff in the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI). An institutional-based cross-section study was conducted from March to June 2018 among EPHI staff members. A total of 450 study participants were involved in the study, and the World Health Organization NCD STEPS survey instrument version 3.1 was used for the assessment. The biochemical parameters were analyzed by using COBAS 6000 analyzer. Statistical package for the social science (SPSS) version 20 was used for data analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify associated risk factors. p value < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 27.6% and 16.7% according to IDF and NCEP criteria respectively, with males having greater prevalence than females (35.8% vs 19.4%). Central obesity, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and hypertension had a prevalence of 80.2%, 41.3%, and 23.6%, respectively. In multivariate analysis increasing age and having a higher body mass index (25–29.9) were significantly associated with metabolic syndromes. The magnitude of metabolic syndrome was relatively high among public employees. Preventive intervention measures should be designed on the modification of lifestyle, nutrition and physical activities, and early screening for early identification of cardiometabolic risks factors should be practised to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

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Prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among adult residents of Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0243103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0243103

Author(s):

Gebremedhin Gebreegziabiher ◽

Tefera Belachew ◽

Kibrti Mehari ◽

Dessalegn Tamiru

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Mekelle City ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Introduction Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The prevalence of dyslipidemia is not known among Ethiopian adults. The prevalence is expected to rise due to the socio-economic development accompanied by lifestyle changes. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among adult residents of Mekelle City. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 321 randomly selected subjects. Data were collected on sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics of the participants using the WHO STEPS survey instrument. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24.0. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s Chi-square test were used to assessing the interrelationship between each factor and outcome variables. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to identify risk factors associated with dyslipidemia. All statistical significance was considered at p ≤0.05. Results The prevalence of dyslipidemia in this study was 66.7%. The prevalence of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), elevated triglyceride, elevated total cholesterol, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was 49.5%, 40.2%, 30.8%, and 16.5%, respectively. Being above 64 years (aOR: 2.196, 95% CI: 1.183–4.078) and 40–64 years old (aOR: 2.196, 95% CI: 1.183–4.078), overweight (aOR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.314–4.756) and obesity (aOR: 15.489, 95% CI: 3.525–68.070), walking <150 minutes per week (aOR: 1.722, 95% CI: 1.004–2.953), raised fasting blood glucose (FBG) (aOR: 4.804, 95% CI: 1.925–11.988), and medium socio-economic status (aOR: 2.017, 95% CI: 1.044–3.899) were identified as significant predictors of dyslipidemia. Conclusions The finding of this study indicated that the prevalence of dyslipidemia is unacceptably high among adult residents of Mekelle City, which underlines an urgent need for early detection and public health interventions through the integrated involvement of public, governmental, and non-governmental organizations.

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Abstract P114: Metabolic Syndrome is Associated with Abnormal Ankle Brachial Index: Estimates From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2004)

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.133.suppl_1.p114 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Singh ◽

Courtney Pilkerton ◽

Stephanie Frisbee

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Ankle Brachial Index ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

P Value ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Low Hdl ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and low ankle-brachial index (ABI) share interrelated cardiovascular risk factors and are thus both strong indicators of an atherosclerotic process. However, few clinicians consider metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for abnormally low ABI and subsequent peripheral arterial disease. Therefore, it is necessary to highlight the relationship between abnormal ABI and MetS and the role of cardiovascular risk factors on this relationship. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that persons with MetS compared to those without, are more likely to experience abnormally low ABI even after accounting for additional cardiovascular risk factors not defined in the MetS. Methods: The eligible population consisted of 7,458 men and women aged 40 years and older, with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD) participating in The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999-2004. Subjects were evaluated, according to the American Heart Association definitions, for abnormally low ABI < 1.0 (which included borderline low and low ABI) and metabolic syndrome with ≥ 3 of the following 5 components; central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, hyperglycemia and hypertension. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to identify relationships between abnormal ABI and MetS, with adjustments for additional cardiovascular risk factors in multivariate models. Results: Participants with metabolic syndrome, as compared to those without, were 1.51 (95% CI, 1.01-2.26) times more likely to experience abnormally lower values of ABI after adjusting for gender, race, education, smoking and CRP. The relationship between abnormal ABI and MetS was modified by age (p value 0.01) but not by gender (p value 0.10) or race (p value 0.09). Additionally, odds of a lower ABI was highest for those with 4-5 components of MetS compared to those with 0-2 components (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.44 to 3.43). Examining individual MetS components in fully adjusted models revealed that hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.46) and low HDL cholesterol (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.87) were associated with higher odds of abnormal ABI. Conclusions: In conclusion, the presence of MetS in adults with and without CVD was associated with abnormally low ABI, even after accounting for additional cardiovascular risk factors not defined by the MetS. This study suggests that timely clinician awareness of abnormally low ABI in persons with at least three MetS components, hypertriglyceridemia or low HDL cholesterol, may be useful in preventing the debilitating effects of peripheral artery disease.

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Prevalence of Coronary Artery Ectasia and Associated Risk Factors

Shiraz E-Medical Journal ◽

10.5812/semj.104038 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Seyyed Ali Moezi Bady ◽

Elham Rezvanian ◽

Nahid Azdaki ◽

Saeede Khosravi Bizhaem ◽

Toba Kazemi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Normal Coronary Artery ◽

P Value ◽

Coronary Artery Ectasia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Hdl

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of coronary artery ectasia (CAE) and its associated factors in the East of Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,795 patients undergoing coronary angiography between 2011 and 2017. Patients were categorized into three groups: Coronary artery ectasia, normal coronary artery, and coronary artery stenosis. Patients' demographic data, cardiac risk factors, and angiographic results were extracted from medical records. Then, information on CAE patients was evaluated. Data were analyzed by the independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and chi-square test. Statistical significance was defined by a P-value ≤ 0.05. Results: The prevalence of CAE was 3.04%. The mean age of CAE patients was significantly higher than that of normal coronary artery patients (53.98 ± 9.97). The proportion of men was significantly lower in the CAE group (48.2%) than in the CAS group (62.1%) but higher than in the normal group (32.3). Body mass index (BMI) and low HDL (high-density lipoprotein) were higher in the CAE group, but diabetes mellitus was lower than in the CAS group. Conclusions: The prevalence of CAE was low in our study. Old age, male sex, obesity, and low HDL were CAE risk factors, but diabetes mellitus was a preventing factor in our study.

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Evaluation of metabolic and hormonal parameters in women with PCOS living in Black Sea Region

Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine ◽

10.52142/omujecm.38.3.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 235-240

Author(s):

Nur DOKUZEYLÜL GÜNGÖR ◽

Samettin ÇELİK ◽

Mehmet GÜÇLÜ ◽

Sebahattin ÇELİK ◽

Ferhat CENGİZ

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Black Sea ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

P Value ◽

Black Sea Region ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Healthy Women ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy which is frequently associated with metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical, biochemical and hormonal characteristics of healthy women and women with PCOS in Black Sea Region. 91 healthy women (Group 1) and 109 PCOS (Group 2) patients were included in this retrospective study. This study was conducted in Samsun Women and Children’s Health Research and Training Hospital between October 2019-May 2020.The anthropometric, clinical and laboratory characteristics of the women were recorded. The Institutional Review Board of the hospital approved the study. IBM SPSS Statistics 22 program was used for statistical analysis. Variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or as a number (percentage), and statistical significance was defined as a p value of less than 0.05. In this study, no statistically significant difference was found between patients with PCOS and control subjects in age, height, BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio. Weight, BP systolic, BP diastolic and FG scores, were significantly higher in patients with PCOS compared to control subjects. In this study, no statistically significant difference was found between patients with PCOS and control subjects in FSH, estradiol prolactin, TSH, fT3, fT4 and DHEASO4 levels. But, LH, cortisol, total and free testosterone and 17-OH progesteron levels were significantly higher in patients with PCOS compared to control subjects. Also in this study, vitamin B12 and the 25-OH-D levels were significantly lower in patients with PCOS compared to control subjects. HbA1C, fasting blood glucose levels, fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in patients with PCOS compared to control subjects . Total-C, LDL-C and TG levels were significantly higher in women with PCOS compared to control subjects. Also, HDL-C levels were significantly lower in women with PCOS compared to control subjects. As a result, the risk of metabolic syndrome is increased in PCOS patients because of high androgen levels, obesity and insulin resistance.

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Species, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Bacterial Isolates from HIV-Infected Patients Suspected to Have Pneumonia in Mekelle Zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/8768439 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gebre Adhanom ◽

Dawit Gebreegziabiher ◽

Yemane Weldu ◽

Araya Gebreyesus Wasihun ◽

Tadele Araya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Bacterial Pneumonia ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

P Value ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Hiv Patients

Background. Pneumonia is a condition, where bacterial infections are implicated as the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in humans. The actual burden of HIV-infected patients with pneumonia is not well documented in Mekelle region of Ethiopia. This study estimated the prevalence of bacterial pneumonia in HIV patients, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of pathogens implicated in pneumonia, and associated risk factors in Mekelle zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, during August-December 2016. Methods. Sputum specimens were collected from 252 HIV seropositive individuals with suspected pneumonia. Data on sociodemographics and risk factors were also collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood, Chocolate, and Mac Conkey agar plates (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK) were used to grow the isolates. The isolated colonies were identified based on Gram stain, colony morphology, pigmentation, hemolysis, and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 and p-value < 0.05 with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was considered statistically significant. Results. Out of the 252 samples, 110 (43.7%) were positive for various bacterial species. The predominant bacterial species were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=26, 23.6 %) followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=17, 15.5 %), Escherichia coli (n=16, 14.5%), Klebsiella spp. (n=15, 13.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (n=9, 8.2%), Enterobacter spp. (n=7, 6.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4, n=3.6%), Proteus spp. (n=4, 3.6%), Citrobacter freundii (n=7, 6.3%), Streptococcus pyogenes (3, 2.7%), and Haemophilus influenzae (n=2, 1.8%). Young age (18-29), recent CD4+ count less than 350 cells/mL, alcohol consumption, and HIV WHO stage II showed significant association with the occurrence of bacterial pneumonia. Resistance to penicillin, co-trimoxazole, and tetracycline was observed in 81.8%, 39.8%, and 24.5% of the isolates, respectively. Conclusions. The problem of pneumonia among HIV patients was significant in the study area. The high prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria isolated from the patient’s samples possesses a health risk in immunocompromised HIV patients. There is a need to strengthen and expand culture and susceptibility procedures for the administration of appropriate therapy to improve patients management and care which may aid in decreasing the mortality.

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The prevalence and risk factors of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension among native Tibetans in Sichuan Province, China

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2290 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

Q.L Gou ◽

R.F Shi ◽

X Zhang ◽

Q.T Meng ◽

X.R Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

High Altitude ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Sichuan Province ◽

Public Institution ◽

P Value ◽

Funding Source ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background High-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) remains a concern due to its high mortality, however, studies evaluating its prevalence and risk factors are lacking. Objective To determine the prevalence of HAPH and its correlated factors among the highlanders living at 3200 metres above sea level in Ganzi Tibetan Automous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China. Methods This was a single-center cross-sectional study involved 1129 subjects (mean age 46.6±14 years, 39% men). Native Tibetans with HAPH were defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure >30mmHg achieved from transthoracic echocardiography. Results The crude prevalence of HAPH was 6.2%, and was more prevalent in men compared to women (8.6% vs 4.6%, P=0.005). The elder was more likely to develop HAPH (OR: 5.308, 95% CI: 2.562–10.993). Highlanders with HAPH had more severe metabolic abnormalities (including elevated blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, BMI, etc. P value<0.05) and significantly increased hemoglobin level (P=0.001). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent risk factors for HAPH were metabolic syndrome (OR: 3.128, 95% CI: 1.110–8.818), age (>60 years vs <40 years) (OR: 2.924, 95% CI: 1.282–6.669), and decreased SpO2 (OR: 1.072 per 1-unit decrease; 95% CI: 1.010–1.136). Conclusion It could be concluded that HAPH was prevalent among 6.2% native Tibetans in Sichuan Province, China. Increasing age, metabolic syndrome and decreased SpO2 were independent predisposing factors for HAPH Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): This study was funded by one Science and Technology Pillar Programs in Sichuan Province (Grant no. 2017SZ0008).

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Metabolic Risk Factors and Associated Morbidities among Adult Urban People in Pyin Oo Lwin Township

Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal ◽

10.34299/mhsrj.00931 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 105-110

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Metabolic Risk Factors ◽

P Value ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Prevalence ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Urban People

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, with insulin resistance proposed as a linking factor. It is common and is increasing in prevalence worldwide, largely attributed to increasing obesity and sedentary lifestyles, and now is both a public health and clinical problem. This community-based, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during 2015 to identify metabolic risk factors and associated morbidities among adult urban people in Pyin Oo Lwin Township. A total of 355 participants, 94 men (26.5%) and 261 women (73.5%) were enrolled. Age distribution was from 18 to 85 years with mean of 49.98 (SD:15.22) years. Metabolic risk factors were identified according to National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) guideline. In this study, central obesity was the highest component with 145 subjects (40.8%) followed by elevated triglycerides 129(36. 3%), elevated blood pressure 104(29.3%), low HDL-cholesterols 85(23.9%), and elevated fasting glucose in only 48 individuals (13.5%). The total prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 35.2% with 26.6% in men and 38.3% in women, respectively. There were statistically significant associations above all five metabolic risk factors with metabolic syndrome (p value <0.001). Regarding its associated morbidities, ECG examinations showed normal 296 cases (83.4%) and abnormal in 59 cases (16.6%) but there was no significant difference between metabolic syndrome and abnormal ECG findings. In conclusion, this study recognizes the high prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome and can be depicted about the metabolic risks as the baseline data for implementation of further activities to reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases.

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