Prevalence of Coronary Artery Ectasia and Associated Risk Factors

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of coronary artery ectasia (CAE) and its associated factors in the East of Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,795 patients undergoing coronary angiography between 2011 and 2017. Patients were categorized into three groups: Coronary artery ectasia, normal coronary artery, and coronary artery stenosis. Patients' demographic data, cardiac risk factors, and angiographic results were extracted from medical records. Then, information on CAE patients was evaluated. Data were analyzed by the independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and chi-square test. Statistical significance was defined by a P-value ≤ 0.05. Results: The prevalence of CAE was 3.04%. The mean age of CAE patients was significantly higher than that of normal coronary artery patients (53.98 ± 9.97). The proportion of men was significantly lower in the CAE group (48.2%) than in the CAS group (62.1%) but higher than in the normal group (32.3). Body mass index (BMI) and low HDL (high-density lipoprotein) were higher in the CAE group, but diabetes mellitus was lower than in the CAS group. Conclusions: The prevalence of CAE was low in our study. Old age, male sex, obesity, and low HDL were CAE risk factors, but diabetes mellitus was a preventing factor in our study.

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A study of the risk factors of various arrhythmias in patients with coronary heart disease

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20174285 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 1369

Author(s):

Puneet Patil ◽

Aamera Sait ◽

Dilip Ratan Patil

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

P Value ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Av Block ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multiple Risk Factors ◽

Multiple Risk

Background: Complications like arrhythmias, cardiac failure, cerebrovascular and mechanical complications. Among these complications, arrhythmias are the most common complication of acute myocardial infarction. The objective of this study was to study the risk factors of various arrhythmias in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods: Present study was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted at department of General Medicine of a tertiary care hospital for a period of two years among 102 patients. Detailed history, clinical examination, investigation was done. All patients were followed for one year to assess the outcome among them. All data was entered in the Microsoft Excel worksheet and analyzed using proportions.Results: Arrhythmias were more common with low ejection fraction (72.73%). The overall mortality was 7.84%. Ventricular fibrillation was seen in 50% of the patients who did not receive thrombolytic therapy. First-degree AV block and second-degree AV block were present in 6.25% and 7.50% respectively and did not affect the mortality while complete heart block was present in 8.75% and mortality rate of 28.57% with right ventricular involvement. Risk factors like smoking, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity had higher incidence of arrhythmias but was not found to have any statistical significance (p >0.05). However, patients having multiple risk factors strongly associated with the high mortality in statistically significant manner (p value 0.0006).Conclusions: Patients with risk factors like smoking, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity had higher incidence of arrhythmias. Multiple risk factors increase the incidence of both arrhythmias and mortality (67% mortality with 4 risk factors and 75% mortality with 5 risk factors).

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Seroprevalence of human Brucellosis and associated risk factors among high-risk occupations in Mbeya Region of Tanzania

Journal of Epidemiological Research ◽

10.5430/jer.v6n1p1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Frederick D. Sagamiko ◽

Ruth L. Mfune ◽

Bernard M. Hang’ombe ◽

Esron D. Karimuribo ◽

Alfred M. Mwanza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Human Brucellosis ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Occupationally Exposed ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease of public health and economic importance. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Mbeya region between November 2015 and January 2016 to investigate the seroprevalence of human brucellosis and identify associated risk factors among individuals in risky occupations. Methods: A total of 425 humans from six occupational categories were serially tested for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA), for screening and confirmation, respectively. A questionnaire survey was also administered to participants to collect epidemiological data. Results: The overall seroprevalence among the occupationally exposed individuals was 1.41% (95% CI: 00.64-3.12). Seroprevalence was higher among butcher men 5.6% (95% CI: 1.68-5.26), herds men 1.35% (95% CI: 0.18-9.02); and abattoir workers 1.1% (95% CI: 0.26-4.22) although there was no statistical significance. (P value = .18). Seroprevalence was also higher among men (1.8%) compared to females (0%) (P value = .19). and also, among those aged < 11 years (2.5%). Individuals who consumed raw milk had a higher seroprevalence (1.56%) compared to those who drunk boiled milk while seropositivity was 0.88% among those who assisted animals during parturition (P value = .49). Butcher men were at higher risk of exposure compared to other occupational categories. Our findings show the presence of brucellosis in occupationally exposed individuals in Mbeya region.Conclusion: There is need to sensitize the concerned professions in order to reduce the risk of acquiring Brucella infections from animals and animal products This also calls for public health awareness about the disease, and implementation of measures to prevent further spread of brucellosis within and outside the study area.

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Population-based survey of HIV sero-status and vertical transmission among naive pregnant women in Sokoto, Nigeria

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11530 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 49-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fiekumo Igbida Buseri ◽

Charity Ngozi Okonkwo

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vertical Transmission ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Age Groups ◽

P Value ◽

Full Time ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Background: This study aims at investigating the seroprevalence of HIV infection among status naive pregnant women and probable vertical transmission in Sokoto, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 13,026 apparently healthy pregnant women aged between 14 and 45 years and 312 mother-baby pairs in 4 different hospital settings in Sokoto State, North West, Nigeria between March, 2011 and February, 2013. The babies were aged between 8 and 16 months. HIV screening was performed using qualitative rapid tests and ELISA and HIV-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Measurement of CD4+ T-lymphocytes was carried out by the BD FACScount System. All seropositive pregnant women were immediately placed on triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) throughout the duration of the pregnancy and beyond.Results: An overall 2.4% prevalence of HIV-1 infection among the pregnant women and 20.5% incident of mother-to-child transmission were found. Of the seropositive pregnant women, 75.0% were full-time house wives, 13.8% and 11.2% were traders and civil servants respectively; of which, 70.2% were within the ages of 14 and 27 years (youthful predominance). Pearson’s χ2analysis did not show any statistically significant difference in the Mean values in the 4 health facilities (χ2 =2.084, df=3, P-value=0.555). Similarly, no significant difference in HIV seropositivity in the demographic data of the pregnant women were observed (P>0.05). Infection was recorded in all age groups but there was no statistical significance between age groups and infection (P = 0.833). Of the 64 seropositive babies, 62 (92.5%) contracted HIV from antiretroviral therapy non-adherence mothers (χ2 =271.457, df=1, P<0.01), OR=1506.6 (95%CI=285.5-7950.4). Conclusion: This study found high prevalence of vertical transmission due to ART non-adherence. Intervention initiatives should, therefore, focus seriously on ART non-adherence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11530Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 49-57

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Analysis of COVID-19 Prevention Behaviour among Diabetes Mellitus Comorbidity Patients in Palembang

Jurnal PROMKES ◽

10.20473/jpk.v9.i2.2021.168-176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 168

Author(s):

Giszka Putri ◽

Hamzah Hasyim ◽

Nur Alam Fajar

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Community Health ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Health Centre ◽

P Value ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Community Health Centres ◽

Health Centres ◽

Preventive Behaviour

Background: COVID-19 in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients are at higher risk for severe complications than people without DM. Preventive behaviour is the best way to avoid COVID-19 infection for DM patients due to its bad impact, such as severe symptoms requiring intensive care, leading to death. Objective: This study aims to analyse the COVID-19 preventive behaviour among DM comorbidity patients in Palembang. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2021 to May 2021 using a questionnaire to diabetic patients at six community health centres in Palembang. The questionnaire has four sections: patient characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and COVID-19 prevention behaviour. A proportional random sampling technique was used to determine the number of samples according to the data on diabetic patients in each health centre. The total sample was 183 respondents from 1.266 total population diabetic patients in six community health centres. Respondents were diabetic patients aged ³ 18 years old and willing to fill out the questionnaire. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical analyses were used to analyse the data. Results: More respondents have good knowledge (50.3%), negative attitude (57.3%), and poor COVID-19 preventive behaviour (53.0%). The findings revealed a statistical significance between knowledge (P-value = 0.0001), attitude (P-value = 0.0001), and educational status (P-value = 0.0001) with COVID-19 preventive behaviour. Furthermore, knowledge is the most determinant factor of COVID-19 preventive behaviour (PR= 7.597, 95% CI: 3.701 – 15.597). Conclusion: According to this study, diabetic patients with poor knowledge are at greater risk of having poor COVID-19 prevention behaviours. COVID-19 prevention programs, especially health education programs at the community health centre, need to be improved to ensure that diabetic patients adopt reasonable and appropriate COVID-19 prevention practices.

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The Correlation of Dyslipidemia with the Extent of Coronary Artery Disease in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Journal of Lipids ◽

10.1155/2018/5607349 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Moshrik Abd alamir ◽

Michael Goyfman ◽

Adib Chaus ◽

Firas Dabbous ◽

Leslie Tamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Low Hdl ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Prevalence Ratios

Background.The extent of coronary artery calcium (CAC) improves cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction. The association between common dyslipidemias (combined hyperlipidemia, simple hypercholesterolemia, metabolic Syndrome (MetS), isolated low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and isolated hypertriglyceridemia) compared with normolipidemia and the risk of multivessel CAC is underinvestigated.Objectives.To determine whether there is an association between common dyslipidemias compared with normolipidemia, and the extent of coronary artery involvement among MESA participants who were free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline.Methods.In a cross-sectional analysis, 4,917 MESA participants were classified into six groups defined by specific LDL-c, HDL-c, or triglyceride cutoff points. Multivessel CAC was defined as involvement of at least 2 coronary arteries. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis evaluated the association of each group with multivessel CAC after adjusting for CVD risk factors.Results.Unadjusted analysis showed that all groups except hypertriglyceridemia had statistically significant prevalence ratios of having multivessel CAC as compared to the normolipidemia group. The same groups maintained statistical significance prevalence ratios with multivariate analysis adjusting for other risk factors including Agatston CAC score [combined hyperlipidemia 1.41 (1.06–1.87), hypercholesterolemia 1.55 (1.26–1.92), MetS 1.28 (1.09–1.51), and low HDL-c 1.20 (1.02–1.40)].Conclusion.Combined hyperlipidemia, simple hypercholesterolemia, MetS, and low HDL-c were associated with multivessel coronary artery disease independent of CVD risk factors and CAC score. These findings may lay the groundwork for further analysis of the underlying mechanisms in the observed relationship, as well as for the development of clinical strategies for primary prevention.

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Prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in diabetes mellitus and its association with therapy, ethnicity and duration of diabetes mellitus

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v10i1.21743 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 72-76

Author(s):

Dipesh Karki ◽

Amar Nagila ◽

Niraj Dhakal ◽

Sumit Chhetri

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Peripheral Neuropathy ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

P Value ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Perception Threshold ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Duration Of Diabetes

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a most common micro vascular complication of diabetes posing significant morbidity and mortality with early and insidious onset. Studies has variably pointed that older age, gender, duration of diabetes, dyslipidemia, are linked with development of DPN. Aims and Objectives: To determine the prevalence of neuropathy in diabetic patients and see its link with age, gender, duration of diabetes, therapy and ethnicity. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 110 clinically diagnosed diabetic patients, meeting the inclusion criteria. Basic demographic data were taken during clinical examination. Presence of degree of neuropathy was screened by measuring vibration perception threshold using Biothesiometer. Data was entered on SPSS and were categorized, necessary non parametric statistical tests were applied to these categorical variables as needed. The level of significance was set at p value less than 0.05. Results: Presence of neuropathy was measured in 110 diabetic patients. The overall prevalence of DPN was 45.45%. Frequency of neuropathy was higher with increase in age with 72.7% in more than 60 years of age and 23.5% in less than or equal to 40 years of age group (p=0.007). Similarly, the increasing trend of DPN with increase in duration of DM was evident in this study with DPN present in more than 55% of patients with more than 5 years of diabetes(p=0.004). Conclusion: The prevalence rate of DPN in diabetes was observed to be higher (45.45%). Our result suggested that DPN is associated with old age and the duration of diabetes mellitus. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.10(1) 2019 72-76

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Hypertension and Diabetes as a risk factor for dementia: a cross sectional study

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20193910 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 3337

Author(s):

Arshad Yahya ◽

Robina Shamim ◽

Kuljeet S. Anand

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Dementia ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: A relation between possible cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension and diabetes) and dementia has been studied in the past and an association has been documented, in spite of some studies pointing to the contrary. Our purpose is to analyze the relation between these risk factors and dementia and add some information to the existing concept and will try to conceptualize the pathogenesis of dementia.Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Patients were recruited from amongst those presenting to our department by convenient consecutive sampling method after taking consent. Five hundred patients of different types of dementia were enrolled. Hypertension was diagnosed using JNC7 criteria. World health organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria were used to diagnose diabetes mellitus. The open Epi software version 3 was used to find the absolute values after preparing 2×2 table. Continuous quantitative data were analyzed using chi square test. Odds ratio and Risk ratio were also calculated. For all statistical tests, a p Value less than 0.05 was taken to indicate significance.Results: Study provides the strong positive association of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) with vascular dementia (VaD) but the relationship of these risk factors were not positively correlated with other dementia. Conclusions: Positive association of these risk factors with vascular dementia were found but not with the other types of dementia.

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PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENT AT PATRANG DISTRICT INDONESIA

Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease ◽

10.20473/ijtid.v7i4.7534 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Hasri Yulia Sasmita ◽

Irma Prasetyowati ◽

Pudjo Wahjudi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Tuberculosis Patient ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of cause of death in infectious disease domain. The control of TB is complicated because the inclination of case numbers people with Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an important risk factor for TB development, with prove that more than ten percent of TB patient is DM patient. People with DM have risk three times more likely to suffer from TB than people without DM. The results of TB treatment with comorbid DM will be easier to be failed. Puskesmas Patrang have the highest bacteriologically confirmed BTA TB cases and DM cases in Jember during 2014 until 2016. The aim of this research is to know the DM prevalence in TB patients and to analyze the correlation between DM risk factors in TB patient to TB-DM incidence at Puskesmas Patrang Jember in 2017. The research uses observasional analytic with cross sectional approach. The sampling technique uses simple random sampling with 47 samples. The independent variables include respondent characteristics (age, sex, type of TB, medication category, and family history of DM), central obesity and smoking behavior. While the dependent variable is the DM status. The result shows that the prevelance of DM in TB patients at Puskesmas Patrang Jember regency is 23,4%. Factors associated with TB-DM are age (p-value = 0,012), family history of DM (p-value = 0,003), and smoking status (p-value = 0,035). Factors that do not associated with TB-DM are sex (p-value = 0,731), type of TB (p-value = 0,170), treatment category of TB (p-value = 0,560), central obesity (p-value = 0,435), the number of cigarette (p-value = 1,000) and smoking duration (p-value = 1,000). The most important factor of TB-DM is family history of DM that 10,850 times higher of getting TB-DM than patients without family history of DM.

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Magnitude, components and predictors of metabolic syndrome in Northern Ethiopia: Evidences from regional NCDs STEPS survey, 2016

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0253317 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0253317

Author(s):

Kiros Fenta Ajemu ◽

Abraham Aregay Desta ◽

Asfawosen Aregay Berhe ◽

Ataklti Gebretsadik Woldegebriel ◽

Nega Mamo Bezabih ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Strong Association ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

P Value ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Tigray Region ◽

Steps Survey ◽

Low Hdl

Background Individuals with metabolic syndrome are five times more susceptible to chronic diseases. Assessment of its magnitude, components, and risk factors is essentials to deploy visible interventions needed to avoid further complications. The study aimed to assess magnitude, components, and predictors of metabolic syndrome in Tigray region northern Ethiopia, 2016. Methods Data were reviewed from Tigray region NCDs STEPs survey data base between May to June 2016. A total of 1476 adults aged 18–64 years were enrolled for the study. Multi-variable regression analysis was performed to estimate the net effect of size to risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. Statistical significance was declared at p-value of ≤0.05 at 95% confidence interval (CI) for an adjusted odds ratio (AOR). Results The study revealed that unadjusted and adjusted prevalence rate of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) were (CPR = 33.79%; 95%CI: 31.29%–36.36%) and (APR = 34.2%; 95% CI: 30.31%–38.06%) respectively. The most prevalent MetS component was low HDL concentration (CPR = 70.91%; 95%CI: 68.47%–73.27%) and (APR = 70.61; 95%CI; 67.17–74.05). While; high fasting blood glucose (CPR = 20.01% (95%CI: 18.03–22.12) and (APR = 21.72; 95%CI; 18.41–25.03) was the least ones. Eating vegetables four days a week, (AOR = 3.69, 95%CI; 1.33–10.22), a salt sauce added in the food some times (AOR = 5.06, 95%CI; 2.07–12.34), overweight (AOR = 24.28, 95%CI; 10.08–58.47] and obesity (AOR = 38.81; 12.20–111.04) had strong association with MetS. Conclusion The magnitude of metabolic syndrome was found to be close to the national estimate. Community awareness on life style modification based on identified MetS components and risk factors is needed to avoid further complications.

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Prevalence of overweight and its associated risk factors among adolescents: A cross-sectional study in peri-urban area of Nepal

10.21203/rs.3.rs-919325/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elina Khatri ◽

Rajesh Kumar Yadav ◽

Sushila Baral ◽

Sudha Poudel ◽

Kedar Prasad Baral

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Weight Status ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

P Value ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rapid Urbanization

Abstract Background Adolescence, being a crucial stage for experimentation and acceptance of new behavioral and lifestyle choices, is detrimental to their nutritional status. The nutritional status of adolescents being shaped by socio-cultural, environmental, and economic factors has also been impacted by their food habits and level of physical activity. The current nutritional shift and rapid urbanization had emerged overweight as an additional burden for consistently prevalent undernutrition issues. So, the study aimed to identify the prevalence of and risk factors for overweight among school adolescents. Methods A school-based cross-sectional analytical study was carried out among school adolescents in a Sub-metropolitan city of Nepal. A random sample of 279 adolescents from nine schools was included in the study. The anthropometric measurement of the height and the weight were measured as per the standard. The odds ratio with a 95% CI was calculated and a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as cut off for statistical significance by fitting into the final multivariable logistic regression. Results The overall prevalence of overweight was obtained as 9.31% (95% CI: 6.40 − 13.3). The mean age of respondents was 15.5 years. The early aged adolescents were more overweight than compared to middle-aged adolescents (AOR: 0.27, CI: 0.028–2.67) and late adolescents (AOR: 0.66, CI: 0.068–6.44) respectively. Similarly, adolescents residing in rural areas had 0.35 (AOR = 0.33, CI: 0.030–3.71) odds of being overweight compared to their counterparts. Adolescents with sedentary behavior were 4 times (AOR = 3.51, CI: 0.79–15.54) more likely of being overweight than their counterparts. Conclusions Overweight among adolescents in urban areas has emerged as an alarming issue with the increasing burden. It is therefore pertinent to emphasize adolescents to improve healthy weight status.

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