scholarly journals Factors driving the compositional diversity of Apis mellifera bee venom from a Corymbia calophylla (marri) ecosystem, Southwestern Australia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253838
Author(s):  
Daniela Scaccabarozzi ◽  
Kenneth Dods ◽  
Thao T. Le ◽  
Joel P. A. Gummer ◽  
Michele Lussu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Peptide Profile ◽  
Protein Diversity ◽  
Southwestern Australia ◽  
Compositional Diversity

Bee venom (BV) is the most valuable product harvested from honeybees ($30 - $300 USD per gram) but marginally produced in apiculture. Though widely studied and used in alternative medicine, recent efforts in BV research have focused on its therapeutic and cosmetic applications, for the treatment of degenerative and infectious diseases. The protein and peptide composition of BV is integral to its bioactivity, yet little research has investigated the ecological factors influencing the qualitative and quantitative variations in the BV composition. Bee venom from Apis mellifera ligustica (Apidae), collected over one flowering season of Corymbia calophylla (Myrtaceae; marri) was characterized to test if the protein composition and amount of BV variation between sites is influenced by i) ecological factors (temperature, relative humidity, flowering index and stage, nectar production); ii) management (nutritional supply and movement of hives); and/or iii) behavioural factors. BV samples from 25 hives across a 200 km-latitudinal range in Southwestern Australia were collected using stimulatory devices. We studied the protein composition of BV by mass spectrometry, using a bottom-up proteomics approach. Peptide identification utilised sequence homology to the A. mellifera reference genome, assembling a BV peptide profile representative of 99 proteins, including a number of previously uncharacterised BV proteins. Among ecological factors, BV weight and protein diversity varied by temperature and marri flowering stage but not by index, this latter suggesting that inter and intra-year flowering index should be further explored to better appreciate this influence. Site influenced BV protein diversity and weight difference in two sites. Bee behavioural response to the stimulator device impacted both the protein profile and weight, whereas management factors did not. Continued research using a combination of proteomics, and bio-ecological approaches is recommended to further understand causes of BV variation in order to standardise and improve the harvest practice and product quality attributes.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Electrophoretic Profile of Major Proteins of Milk from Alpine and Carpathian Goats

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina NASALEAN ◽  
Laurentiu OGNEAN ◽  
Sergiu MUNTEAN ◽  
Stefana BALICI ◽  
Horea MATEI
Keyword(s):  
Protein Profile ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Percentage Data

The milk’s proteins provide nutritional and biologically active values, essential in human and animal nutrition. In the case of goat milk, the proteins’ concentration and quality represent basic indices for the evaluation of the nutritional and biologically active values. The proposal is to comparatively analyse the protein profile of milk. The milk was collected from two different breeds: French Alpine and Romanian Carpathian. During March and April 2016 there were collected samples of raw milk in hygienic and sanitation conditions. There were two lots: first lot has 10 Carpathian goats and the second lot has 10 Alpine goats. The protein composition of goat milk was established with SDS-PAGE, after the evaluation of the total proteins’ concentration with the Bradford method. The quantitative and percentage data obtained with electrophoresis revealed few differences between those 8 identified protein fractions. Between those two lots, regarding the levels of β-CN, k-CN and β-lactoglobulines there were significant differences. The other protein fractions have values almost identical. Statistical analysis of obtained data shaped the differences in the protein profile at those two breeds. Based on those differences it is to note the superior potential of the Alpine breed regarding the content in biologically active milk proteins. Regarding the obtained data, this study brings new contributions for the evaluation and analysis of protein profile as a nutritive and biologically active component of goat milk, confirming its character as a functional aliment.

The protein composition of gluten extracted from different wheats

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Lee ◽  
CW Wrigley
Keyword(s):  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Protein Profiles ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Gluten Proteins ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Triticum Species

The gluten proteins from eight commercial wheat varieties and four tetraploid Triticum species were separated by chromatograph on carboxymethyl-cellulose and by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. There are obvious differences in the protein profiles of many of the commercial wheat varieties. Furthermore, the tetraploid species differ in many respects from the T. vulgare varieties. The possible relationship between baking quality and protein profile is discussed.

Effect of Apitherapy in Piglets with Preweaning Diarrhea

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok Hwa Choi ◽  
Seong Koo Cho ◽  
Seong Soo Kang ◽  
Chun Sik Bae ◽  
Young Hoon Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Bacterial Diarrhea

This study was designed to examine the therapeutic effect of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) venom in piglets with bacterial diarrhea. Comparison between bee venom- and drug-treated groups was our main concern in the present study. Preweaning piglets were assigned to treated and non-treated control groups. In the treated group, 47 piglets were acupunctured with the worker honeybee once a day for three consecutive days. Two acupoints, GV-1 (Jiao-chao) and ST-25 (Hai-men), were selected for apitherapy. In the control group, 44 piglets were intramuscularly injected with a standard dose of a known antibacterial drug, colistin sulfate (300,000 IU/kg of body weight), and an antidiarrheal drug (berberine, 2 ml/kg) once a day for three consecutive days. At post-treatment, 90.9% of the control piglets and 93.6% of piglets in the treated group recovered from bacterial diarrhea. Bee acupuncture therapy did not show any side effects such as allergy, intoxication, hemorrhage or infection. It is concluded that bee venom therapy was effective in controlling bacterial diarrhea in preweaning piglets.

Immuno-proteomics analysis between OMV of vaccine and dominant wild type strains of Bordetella pertussis in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Badamchi ◽  
Fariborz Bahrami ◽  
Alireza Hadizadeh Tasbiti ◽  
Shamsi Yari ◽  
Morvarid Shafiei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Cell Vaccine ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Type Strains

Background and Objectives: Despite widespread vaccination programs against pertussis, there has been a worldwide re- surgence of the disease in recent years. We aimed to investigate protein composition of outer membrane vesicles (OMV) of Bordetella pertussis (Bp) and to evaluate the immunogenicity of OMV antigens both in the vaccine and the dominant wild type strains in Iran. Materials and Methods: The OMV were purified from both vaccine and wild type strains. The immunoreactivity of the OMVs was investigated by exposing sera taken from the patients and the vaccinated infants. The protein profiles of OMVs were compared using two-dimensional electrophoresis. The LC-MS/MS was used to analyse and identify differentially ex- pressed protein spots. Results: The two type strains showed differences in their 2D gel protein profile. Further analysis of selected proteins from the dominant Iranian strains using LC-MS/MS demonstrated that the identified proteins fell into different functional catego- ries including (i) metabolism, (ii) membrane transport and secretion system, (iii) biosynthesis and degradation, (iv) adaption, adhesion, pathogenicity, conserved hypothetical and protection responses. Moreover, a number of immunogenic proteins were identified including Bp 2434 (serine protease) and Bp 1616 (putative DNA binding protein) from the vaccine and the wild type strains, respectively which could be considered as potential antigens for an OMV vaccine. Conclusion: OMV Bp could be considered as an alternative vaccine against pertussis, containing the bacterium’s protein antigens that can confer equal efficacy compared to a whole bacterial cell vaccine with advantages such as less side effects and lower costs than acellular pertussis vaccines.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity of Proteome-Determined Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-Specific Proteins in Sheep with Paratuberculosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1824-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Hughes ◽  
John P. Bannantine ◽  
Susan Denham ◽  
Stuart Smith ◽  
Alfredo Garcia-Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Peptide Profile ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Low Sensitivity

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes paratuberculosis, a chronic granulomatous enteritis. Detecting animals with paratuberculosis infections is difficult because the currently available tools have low sensitivity and lack specificity; these tools are prone to generating spurious positive test results caused by exposure to environmental M. avium complex organisms. To generate candidate antigens for incorporation into a specific test for paratuberculosis, subspecies-specific proteins were determined by proteomic comparison of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium subsp. avium. Analysis was aimed at revealing proteins only expressed (or predominant) in the protein profile of M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis resolved approximately 1,000 protein spots from each subspecies. Proteome analysis identified protein spots whose expression profile appeared markedly increased in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and 32 were identified by analysis of their tryptic peptide profile by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis. Thirty of these proteins were cloned, and their recombinant proteins were expressed. Ovine paratuberculosis sera were used to assess their immunoreactivity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, and dot blot analysis. Seventeen proteins were detected in at least one of the immunoassays, and eleven proteins were detected by ELISA with an optical density in excess of the cutoff of 0.1 in four of six sera tested. The immunoreactivity of these proteins indicates their potential as unique diagnostic antigens for the development of a specific serological detection of paratuberculosis.

scholarly journals Salivary Protein Profile and Food Intake: A Dietary Pattern Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Teresa Louro ◽  
Carla Simões ◽  
Wilmara Lima ◽  
Laura Carreira ◽  
Paula Midori Castelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Dietary Pattern Analysis ◽  
Starchy Foods ◽  
Different Levels

Saliva research has gained interest due to its potential as a source of biomarkers. One of the factors inducing changes in saliva, in the short term, is food intake, and evidence exist about changes in salivary proteome induced by some food components. Since this topic of research is in its early stages, it was hypothesized that saliva protein composition could be associated with different levels of adherence to dietary patterns that contain higher amounts of plant products. The aim of the present study was to test this hypothesis, in adults, by comparing salivary protein electrophoretic profiles of individuals with different diet characteristics, particularly dietary patterns (DP) that exhibit different proportions of animal and plant-based products. Dietary habits were assessed in 122 adults (61 from each sex, with ages ranging from 20 to 59 years) using Food Frequency Questionnaires. To identify the dietary patterns, a principal component analysis was used. Individual’s non-stimulated saliva was evaluated for flow rate, pH, protein concentration, α-amylase activity, and electrophoretic protein profiles. Seven dietary patterns (DP) were identified. Salivary amylase enzymatic activity was positively associated with animal-based and starchy foods DP, and with plant-based fatty foods without wine DP. At the same time, protein bands containing amylase and type S cystatins were positively associated with the cheese/yoghurt and wine DP. Our results support the association of salivary proteomics and different dietary patterns and highlight the need of considering food consumption habits in studies using saliva, since this is a factor associated with variations in the composition of this fluid.

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