scholarly journals Salivary Protein Profile and Food Intake: A Dietary Pattern Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Teresa Louro ◽  
Carla Simões ◽  
Wilmara Lima ◽  
Laura Carreira ◽  
Paula Midori Castelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Dietary Pattern Analysis ◽  
Starchy Foods ◽  
Different Levels

Saliva research has gained interest due to its potential as a source of biomarkers. One of the factors inducing changes in saliva, in the short term, is food intake, and evidence exist about changes in salivary proteome induced by some food components. Since this topic of research is in its early stages, it was hypothesized that saliva protein composition could be associated with different levels of adherence to dietary patterns that contain higher amounts of plant products. The aim of the present study was to test this hypothesis, in adults, by comparing salivary protein electrophoretic profiles of individuals with different diet characteristics, particularly dietary patterns (DP) that exhibit different proportions of animal and plant-based products. Dietary habits were assessed in 122 adults (61 from each sex, with ages ranging from 20 to 59 years) using Food Frequency Questionnaires. To identify the dietary patterns, a principal component analysis was used. Individual’s non-stimulated saliva was evaluated for flow rate, pH, protein concentration, α-amylase activity, and electrophoretic protein profiles. Seven dietary patterns (DP) were identified. Salivary amylase enzymatic activity was positively associated with animal-based and starchy foods DP, and with plant-based fatty foods without wine DP. At the same time, protein bands containing amylase and type S cystatins were positively associated with the cheese/yoghurt and wine DP. Our results support the association of salivary proteomics and different dietary patterns and highlight the need of considering food consumption habits in studies using saliva, since this is a factor associated with variations in the composition of this fluid.

scholarly journals Clustering of Dietary Patterns and Lifestyles Among Spanish Children in the EsNuPI Study †

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2536
Author(s):  
Julio Plaza-Díaz ◽  
Esther Molina-Montes ◽  
María José Soto-Méndez ◽  
Casandra Madrigal ◽  
Ángela Hernández-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Food Groups

Dietary patterns (DPs) are known to be tied to lifestyle behaviors. Understanding DPs and their relationships with lifestyle factors can help to prevent children from engaging in unhealthy dietary practices. We aimed to describe DPs in Spanish children aged 1 to <10 years and to examine their associations with sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. The consumption of toddler and young children milk formulas, enriched and fortified milk within the Spanish pediatric population is increasing, and there is a lack of evidence whether the consumption of this type of milk is causing an impact on nutrient intakes and if they are helping to reach the nutrient recommendations. Within the Nutritional Study in the Spanish Pediatric Population (EsNuPI), we considered two study cohorts and three different age groups in three year-intervals in each of them. The study cohort included 740 children in a representative sample of the urban non-vegan Spanish population and 772 children in a convenience cohort of adapted milk consumers (AMS) (including follow-on formula, toddler’s milk, growing up milk, and fortified and enriched milks) who provided information about sociodemographics, lifestyle, and dietary habits; a food frequency questionnaire was used for the latter. Principal component analysis was performed to identify DPs from 18 food groups. Food groups and sociodemographic/lifestyle variables were combined through a hierarchical cluster algorithm. Three DPs predominated in every age group and study sample: a palatable energy-dense food dietary pattern, and two Mediterranean-like DPs. However, children from the AMS showed a predominant dietary pattern markedly related to the Mediterranean diet, with high consumption of cereals, fruits and vegetables, as well as milk and dairy products. The age of children and certain lifestyle factors, namely level of physical activity, parental education, and household income, correlated closely with the dietary clusters. Thus, the findings provide insight into designing lifestyle interventions that could reverse the appearance of unhealthy DPs in the Spanish child population.

scholarly journals Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Sleep-Related Impairment in a Cohort of Community Physicians: A Cross-sectional Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 155982761987192
Author(s):  
Maryam S. Hamidi ◽  
Tait D. Shanafelt ◽  
Andrea Hausel ◽  
Bryan D. Bohman ◽  
Rachel Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

There is increasing evidence that diet can mitigate fatigue. The objective of this study was to assess the associations between dietary habits and sleep-related impairment (SRI) in a cohort of community physicians. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 245 physicians who had completed a wellness survey in March 2016 (98% response rate). Three dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis: plant based, high protein, and high saturated fat and sugar. In the adjusted analysis, every SD increase in the plant-based dietary pattern score was associated with a 0.71-point decrease ( β = −0.72; SE = 0.32; P = .027; 95% CI = −1.35 to −0.08) in the SRI score, and every SD increase in the high saturated fat and sugar dietary pattern score was associated with a 0.77-point increase ( β = 0.77; SE = 0.32; P = .015; 95% CI = 0.15 to 1.39) in the SRI score. There were no associations between high protein diets and SRI scores. Physicians adhering to diets that are high in plant-based foods and low in saturated fat and added sugars had less SRI. Physicians currently face significant barriers to maintaining a healthy diet. This study highlights the potential role of workplace nutrition on SRI and work performance of physicians.

Dietary patterns in Swedish adults; results from a national dietary survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Ax ◽  
Eva Warensjö Lemming ◽  
Wulf Becker ◽  
Agneta Andersson ◽  
Anna Karin Lindroos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Dietary Survey ◽  
Meal Pattern ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Traditional Pattern

AbstractDietary patterns derived by statistical procedures is a way to identify overall dietary habits in specific populations. The aim of this study was to identify and characterise dietary patterns in Swedish adults using data from the national dietary survey Riksmaten adults 2010–11 (952 women, 788 men). Principal component analyses were used and two patterns were identified in both sexes: a healthy pattern loading positively on vegetables, fruits, fish and seafood, and vegetable oils, and negatively on refined bread and fast food, and a Swedish traditional pattern loading positively on potatoes, meat and processed meat, full-fat milk products, sweet bakery products, sweet condiments and margarine. In addition, a light-meal pattern was identified in women with positive loadings on fibre-rich bread, cheese, rice, pasta and food grain dishes, substitute products for meat and dairy products, candies and tea. The healthy pattern was positively correlated to dietary fibre (r0·51–0·58) andn-3 (r0·25–0·31) (allP<0·0001), and had a higher nutrient density of folate, vitamin D and Se. The Swedish traditional and the light-meal pattern were positively correlated to added sugar (r0·20–0·25) and the Swedish traditional also to SFA (r0·13–0·21) (allP<0·0001); both patterns were in general negatively correlated to micronutrients. Dietary pattern scores were associated with, for example, age, physical activity, education and income. In conclusion, we identified three major dietary patterns among Swedish adults. The patterns can be further used for examining the association between whole diet and health outcomes.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns for meals of Brazilian adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 822-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Regina Mara Fisberg ◽  
Dirce Maria Marchioni ◽  
Valéria Troncoso Baltar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Meal Skipping ◽  
Care Survey ◽  
Component Estimation

AbstractThe use of dietary patterns (DP) in nutritional research is well established; however, only a few studies of DP according to specific meals have been conducted. The purpose of this study was to identify the DP regarding breakfast, lunch and dinner meals of the population (aged 20 years and older of both sexes) that participated in the Health Care Survey of Sao Paulo. Food intake was estimated by using the Multiple Source Method – considering two 24- h dietary recalls. On the basis of the food groups for each meal, a factor analysis, with a principal component estimation, was applied (varimax rotation) in order to derive the DP. Prevalences of meal skipping were 5·6 % for breakfast, 3·6 % for lunch and 12·8 % for dinner. The findings revealed three breakfast DP: healthy, traditional and snack; five lunch DP: traditional, salad, sweetened juice, Western and meats; and four dinner DP: coffee with milk and bread, transitional, traditional, and soup and fruits. The results of this study indicate that the DP identified in accordance with the meal nicely discriminates food intake, emphasising peculiarities that are not found in global analyses and might support dietary advice.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns of Breastfeeding Mothers and Human Milk Composition: Data from the Italian MEDIDIET Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1722
Author(s):  
Francesca Bravi ◽  
Matteo Di Maso ◽  
Simone R. B. M. Eussen ◽  
Carlo Agostoni ◽  
Guglielmo Salvatori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis

(1) Background: Several studies have reported associations between maternal diet in terms of single foods or nutrients and human milk compounds, while the overall role of maternal diet and related dietary patterns has rarely been investigated. (2) Methods: Between 2012 and 2014, we enrolled 300 healthy Italian mothers, who exclusively breastfed their infant. During a hospital visit at 6 weeks postpartum, a sample of freshly expressed foremilk was collected and information on maternal dietary habits in the postpartum period was obtained through an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. We applied principal component factor analysis to selected nutrients in order to identify maternal dietary patterns, and assessed correlations in human milk macronutrients and fatty acids across levels of dietary patterns. (3) Results: Five dietary patterns were identified, named “Vitamins, minerals and fibre”, “Proteins and fatty acids with legs”, “Fatty acids with fins”, “Fatty acids with leaves”, “Starch and vegetable proteins”. These dietary patterns were correlated with some milk components, namely fatty acids, and in particular ω-3 and its subcomponents. (4) Conclusions: This study showed that overall maternal dietary habits during breastfeeding may influence human milk composition, suggesting the importance of adequate maternal nutrition during lactation not only for the mother herself but also to provide the infant with milk containing adequate amount and quality of nutrients for a balanced nutrition.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic inequality in dietary intake begins before 24 months in Brazilian children

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Elisa Madalena Rinaldi ◽  
Wolney Lisboa Conde
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Characteristic Pattern ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Infants And Young Children

OBJECTIVE: To assess dietary patterns by socioeconomic gradient of Brazilian infants and young children in 2006 and 2013. METHODS: Data from the National Demographic Survey (2006) and the National Health Survey (2013) were used. Food intake were described by wealth index, age range and survey year. Dietary patterns were defined by principal component analysis. Association of wealth index and dietary patterns were modelled using linear regression. RESULTS: Breast milk intake was higher for poor infants and young children, while fresh food intake (fruits, vegetables, meats, beans) was higher for the richer ones in 2006 and 2013. Biscuits and sweetened beverages were more consumed by rich infants and young children in 2006 and by poor and rich children in 2013. Three dietary patterns (DP1, DP2, and DP3) were identified in 2006 and four in 2013 (DP1, DP2, DP3, and DP4). DP1 was composed mainly of fresh foods, and it was positively associated with the wealth index for infants and young children in both years. DP2 was composed of biscuits, cookies and sweetened beverages, and it was positively associated with the wealth index for young children in 2006 and for poor and rich infants and young children in 2013. DP3 was composed of milk, water and porridge in both years, and it was not associated with the wealth index. DP4 was composed of breast milk and porridge, and it was negatively associated with the wealth index. CONCLUSIONS: DP1 is a characteristic pattern for richer infants and young children since 2006, while DP2 is a characteristic pattern for all infants and young children in 2013, regardless of wealth index. Dietary inequality between the poor and the rich seems to begin in childhood.

scholarly journals The iMPROVE Study; Design, Dietary Patterns, and Development of a Lifestyle Index in Overweight and Obese Greek Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3495
Author(s):  
Maria Kafyra ◽  
Ioanna P. Kalafati ◽  
Efthymia A. Katsareli ◽  
Sophia Lambrinou ◽  
Iraklis Varlamis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Mixed Pattern ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Greek Adults

Background: Dietary and lifestyle habits constitute a significant contributing factor in the formation of anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of overweight and obese populations. The iMPROVE study recruited overweight and obese Greek adults and investigated the effect of gene–diet interactions on weight management when adhering to a six-month, randomized nutritional trial including two hypocaloric diets of different macronutrient content. The present paper displays the design of the intervention and the baseline findings of the participants’ dietary habits and their baseline anthropometric and biochemical characteristics. Methods: Baseline available data for 202 participants were analyzed and patterns were extracted via principal component analysis (PCA) on 69-item Food-Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ). Relationships with indices at baseline were investigated by multivariate linear regressions. A Lifestyle Index of five variables was further constructed. Results: PCA provided 5 dietary patterns. The “Mixed” pattern displayed positive associations with logBMI and logVisceral fat, whereas the “Traditional, vegetarian-alike” pattern was nominally, negatively associated with body and visceral fat, but positively associated with HDL levels. The Lifestyle Index displayed protective effects in the formation of logBMI and logGlucose levels. Conclusions: Dietary patterns and a Lifestyle Index in overweight and obese, Greek adults highlighted associations between diet, lifestyle, and anthropometric and biochemical indices.

Compositional analysis of dietary patterns

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 2834-2847 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Solans ◽  
G Coenders ◽  
R Marcos-Gragera ◽  
A Castelló ◽  
E Gràcia-Lavedan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Compositional Data Analysis ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Dietary Pattern Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Instead of looking at individual nutrients or foods, dietary pattern analysis has emerged as a promising approach to examine the relationship between diet and health outcomes. Despite dietary patterns being compositional (i.e. usually a higher intake of some foods implies that less of other foods are being consumed), compositional data analysis has not yet been applied in this setting. We describe three compositional data analysis approaches (compositional principal component analysis, balances and principal balances) that enable the extraction of dietary patterns by using control subjects from the Spanish multicase-control (MCC-Spain) study. In particular, principal balances overcome the limitations of purely data-driven or investigator-driven methods and present dietary patterns as trade-offs between eating more of some foods and less of others.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Dietary Patterns and Diet Quality Scores: Reproducibility and Consistency in Sex and Age Subgroups of Poles Aged 15–65 Years

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3598
Author(s):  
Joanna Kowalkowska ◽  
Lidia Wadolowska ◽  
Jolanta Czarnocinska ◽  
Grzegorz Galinski ◽  
Anna Dlugosz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Congruence Coefficient

This study aimed to assess: (i) the test–retest reproducibility of identification of data-driven dietary patterns (DPs) derived using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hypothesis-driven DPs (diet quality scores); (ii) the consistency of data-driven DPs with diet quality scores in sex and age subgroups of Poles aged 15–65 years. The study involved 504 subjects (55.6% of females). Data on food consumption frequency (33 food items) were collected twice with a two-week interval using the Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire (KomPAN®) in a self-administered version (test and retest). Two major data-driven DPs (‘Prudent’ and ‘Western’) were identified in the total sample, sex groups and four age groups separately from test and retest data. Two diet quality scores were analysed: Pro-Healthy-Diet-Index-10 (pHDI-10) and Non-Healthy-Diet-Index-14 (nHDI-14). Tucker’s congruence coefficient indicated fair-to-good similarity of data-driven DPs between test and retest for all study subgroups, except for males. Across study subgroups, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the test and retest ranged from 0.56 to 0.86 for ‘Prudent’ DP and 0.57 to 0.82 for ‘Western’ DP, with the lowest values in males. The ICC (test vs. retest) ranged from 0.84 to 0.88 for pHDI-10 and 0.75 to 0.88 for nHDI-14. Comparing the data-driven DPs and diet quality scores, the Spearman’s correlations ranged from 0.63 to 0.93 between ‘Prudent’ DP and pHDI-10, and from 0.60 to 0.81 between ‘Western’ DP and nHDI-14. The test–retest reproducibility of data-driven DPs and diet quality scores and their consistency were acceptable in most of the study subgroups, with a tendency to be higher for pro-health than unhealthy DPs. Data-driven DPs were more reproducible in females than males. The reproducibility of diet quality scores tended to be better in males than females and was the highest in 25–44-year-olds. The KomPAN® questionnaire can be recommended to use data-driven DPs and diet quality scores to describe the habitual diet in people aged 15–65 years.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Spanish Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the SI! Program for Health Promotion in Secondary Schools

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Bodega ◽  
Juan Fernández-Alvira ◽  
Gloria Santos-Beneit ◽  
Amaya de Cos-Gandoy ◽  
Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Large Sample

Previous studies on the association between dietary habits and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in adolescents have generated conflicting results. The aim of this study was to describe dietary patterns (DP) in a large sample of Spanish adolescents and to assess their cross-sectional relationship with CVRF. In total, 1324 adolescents aged 12.5 ± 0.4 years (51.6% boys) from 24 secondary schools completed a self-reported food frequency questionnaire. DPs were derived by cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, lipid profile, and glucose levels were assessed. Linear mixed models were applied to estimate the association between DPs and CVRF. Three DP-related clusters were obtained: Processed (29.2%); Traditional (39.1%); and Healthy (31.7%). Analogous patterns were obtained in the PCA. No overall differences in CVRF were observed between clusters except for z-BMI and z-FMI values, total cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol, with the Processed cluster showing the lowest mean values. However, differences were small. In conclusion, the overall association between DPs, as assessed by two different methods, and most analyzed CVRF was weak and not clinically relevant in a large sample of adolescents. Prospective analysis may help to disentangle the direction of these associations.

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