scholarly journals Incorporating inter-individual variability in experimental design improves the quality of results of animal experiments

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255521
Author(s):  
Marloes H. van der Goot ◽  
Marieke Kooij ◽  
Suzanne Stolte ◽  
Annemarie Baars ◽  
Saskia S. Arndt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Aversive Stimulus ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Quality Of Results ◽  
Hole Board

Inter-individual variability in quantitative traits is believed to potentially inflate the quality of results in animal experimentation. Yet, to our knowledge this effect has not been empirically tested. Here we test whether inter-individual variability in emotional response within mouse inbred strains affects the outcome of a pharmacological experiment. Three mouse inbred strains (BALB/c, C57BL/6 and 129S2) were behaviorally characterized through repeated exposure to a mild aversive stimulus (modified Hole Board, five consecutive trials). A multivariate clustering procedure yielded two multidimensional response types which were displayed by individuals of all three strains. We show that systematic incorporation of these individual response types in the design of a pharmacological experiment produces different results from an experimental pool in which this variation was not accounted for. To our knowledge, this is the first study that empirically confirms that inter-individual variability affects the interpretation of behavioral phenotypes and may obscure experimental results in a pharmacological experiment.

The Masseteric-Facial Anastomosis With Intratemporal Translocation of the Facial Nerve: Step-by-Step Technique and Results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ferraresi ◽  
Elisabetta Basso ◽  
Lorenzo Maistrello ◽  
Piero Di Pasquale
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Hypoglossal Nerve ◽  
Direct Transfer ◽  
Nerve Stump ◽  
Surgical Timing ◽  
Quality Of Results ◽  
Facial Reanimation ◽  
Masseteric Nerve

Abstract BACKGROUND In the absence of a viable proximal nerve stump, damaged after surgical procedures around the skull base, numerous techniques for facial reanimation have been developed over time, aiming to restore baseline symmetry and active mimicry. OBJECTIVE To report experience using the masseteric nerve as a direct transfer to the facial nerve rerouted after intratemporal translocation. This paper illustrates the main steps of the technique and the quality of results. METHODS Eleven patients were treated with a masseteric direct transfer to the facial nerve. Its extratemporal rerouting toward the zygoma allowed tension-free coaptation between donor and recipient nerves. RESULTS Of the 11 patients, 8 had a good to excellent recovery, showing different patterns of time and scores, according to age, surgical timing, and masseteric nerve function quality. The return of activity in the frontalis muscle, never obtained after reinnervation via the hypoglossal nerve, is of particular interest. The quality of the smile can be improved with re-education and practice but remains under volitional control. A true emotional response is still lacking. CONCLUSION The masseteric nerve is an excellent alternative to the hypoglossal nerve and can reinnervate the whole territory of the facial nerve rerouted after intratemporal translocation. The overall results are remarkable, but the low quality of the trigeminal nerve, eventually affected by the first surgery, may be an important limitation. Even if the patients appear more at ease in re-education than with other techniques, a fully natural facial expression remains impossible to obtain.

Resistance Monitor and Control for Vacuum Evaporation of Metals and Carbon

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 572-573
Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere ◽  
Eric F. Erbe ◽  
J. Michael Moseley
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Device ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Variable Resistor ◽  
Quality Of Results ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Evaporation Source ◽  
And Control ◽  
At Will

We have designed and built an electronic device which compares the resistance of a defined area of vacuum evaporated material with a variable resistor. When the two resistances are matched, the device automatically disconnects the primary side of the substrate transformer and stops further evaporation.This approach to controlled evaporation in conjunction with the modified guns and evaporation source permits reliably reproducible multiple Pt shadow films from a single Pt wrapped carbon point source. The reproducibility from consecutive C point sources is also reliable. Furthermore, the device we have developed permits us to select a predetermined resistance so that low contrast high-resolution shadows, heavy high contrast shadows, or any grade in between can be selected at will. The reproducibility and quality of results are demonstrated in Figures 1-4 which represent evaporations at various settings of the variable resistor.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Debugging the Quality of Results in Approximate Programs

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 399-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ringenburg ◽  
Adrian Sampson ◽  
Isaac Ackerman ◽  
Luis Ceze ◽  
Dan Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Results

scholarly journals Misokinesia is a sensitivity to seeing others fidget that is prevalent in the general population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumeet M. Jaswal ◽  
Andreas K. F. De Bleser ◽  
Todd C. Handy
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Large Segment ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Repetitive Movements ◽  
On Line ◽  
Formal Recognition

AbstractMisokinesia––or the ‘hatred of movements’––is a psychological phenomenon that is defined by a strong negative affective or emotional response to the sight of someone else’s small and repetitive movements, such as seeing someone fidget with a hand or foot. Among those who regularly experience misokinesia sensitivity, there is a growing grass-roots recognition of the challenges that it presents as evidenced by on-line support groups. Yet surprisingly, scientific research on the topic is lacking. This article is novel in systematically examining whether misokinesia sensitivity actually exists in the general population, and if so, whether there is individual variability in the intensity or extent of what sensitivities are reported. Across three studies that included 4100 participants, we confirmed the existence of misokinesia sensitivity in both student and non-student populations, with approximately one-third of our participants self-reporting some degree of sensitivity to seeing the repetitive, fidgeting behaviors of others as encountered in their daily lives. Moreover, individual variability in the range and intensity of sensitivities reported suggest that the negative social-affective impacts associated with misokinesia sensitivities may grow with age. Our findings thus confirm that a large segment of the general population may have a visual-social sensitivity that has received little formal recognition.

scholarly journals Verification tests of frictional heat modelling results

Mechanika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-264
Author(s):  
Andrzej BORAWSKI ◽  
Dariusz SZPICA ◽  
Grzegorz MIECZKOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Friction Surface ◽  
Main Parameter ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Computer Models ◽  
Frictional Heat ◽  
Quality Of Results ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Life Phenomena

Simulation tests have currently become very popular. It gives access to values and parameters which are difficult or impossible to obtain in real conditions. However, in many cases the accuracy of the results may raise concerns, as not every researcher conducts verification tests. This article looks into the quality of results obtained in virtual tests. The tests were conducted using a pin-on-disc station. The main parameter of the verification study was the temperature of the pin measured along its axis at 1mm from the friction surface. This shows that computer models produce results which accurately reflect real-life phenomena.

scholarly journals Komunitas Masyarakat Dan Perawatan Kesehatan Dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Hidup

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Agustinus Hermino
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Quality ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Global Era ◽  
The Impact

Latar belakang: Seiring dengan perkembangan jaman, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ini banyak perhatian yang difokuskan pada eksplorasi dampak penyakit fisik dan mental pada kualitas hidup seseorang baik secara individu maupun masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Sifat subyektif dari 'kualitas hidup' individu, merupakan konsep yang dinamis untuk diukur dan didefinisikan, tetapi bahwa secara umum dapat dipandang sebagai konsep multidimensi yang menekankan pada persepsi diri dari keadaan pikiran seseorang saat iniTujuan: penulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang peran masyarakat dalam memahani pentingnya kesehatan di era global ditinjau dari perspektif akademis. Pada sektor kesehatan pemahaman kesehatan menjadi sangat pentingnya karena akan menunjukkan pada kualitas hidup seseorang, tetapi hal ini tidak cukup secara individu karena diperlukan pemahaman secara menyeluruh terhadap masyarakat tentang makna kesehatan dan perawatan kesehatan.Metode: penulisan ilmiah ini adalah dengan melakukan analisa akademis dari dari berbagai sumber rujukan relevan sehingga menemukan makna teoritis baru dalam rangka menjawab tantangan yang terjadi di masyarakat.Hasil: Berdasarkan berbagai sumber rujukan yang ada, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kesehatan merupakan gaya hidup yang bertujuan untuk mencapai kesejahteraan fisik, emosional, intelektual, spiritual, dan lingkungan. Penggunaan langkah-langkah kesehatan dapat meningkatkan stamina, energi, dan harga diri, kemudian meningkatkan kualitas hidup. Dengan demikian maka konsep kesehatan memungkinkan adanya variabilitas individu. Kesehatan dapat dianggap sebagai keseimbangan aspek fisik, emosional, psikologis, sosial dan spiritual dari kehidupan seseorang. Kata kunci: masyarakat, perawatan kesehatan, kualitas hidup Society Community and Health Care in Improving Quality of LifeAbstract Background: Along with the development of the era, in recent years there has been a lot of attention focused on exploring the impact of physical and mental illness on the quality of life of a person both individually and as a whole. The subjective nature of an individual's 'quality of life' is a dynamic concept to measure and define, but that in general can be seen as a multidimensional concept that emphasizes self-perception of one's current state of mindAim: purpose of this study is to provide an understanding the role of community in understanding the importance of health in the global era from an academic perspective. In the health sector understanding of health is very important because it will show the quality of life of a person, but this is not enough individually because a comprehensive understanding of the meaning of health and health care is needed. Method: The method of scientific writing is to carry out academic analysis from various relevant reference sources, and find new theoretical meanings in order to answer the challenges that occur in society. Keyword: Community, Society,Health Care, Quality oflife Resullt : Based on various academic reference, it can be concluded that health is a lifestyle that aims to achieve physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, and environmental well-being. The use of health measures can increase stamina, energy, and self-esteem, then improve the quality of life. Thus the concept of health allows for individual variability. Health can be considered as a balance of physical, emotional, psychological, social and spiritual aspects of one's life. Keywords: community, health care, quality of life 

scholarly journals Publication Trends on Mitophagy in the World and China: A 16-Year Bibliometric Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingli Chen ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Yifan Jia ◽  
Zhongyuan Xia ◽  
Jishi Ye
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Publication Trends ◽  
Quality Of Results ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World

In the past 16 years, research on mitophagy has increasingly expanded to a wider range of subjects. Therefore, comprehensively analyzing the relevant progress and development trends on mitophagy research requires specific methods. To assess the hotspots, directions, and quality of results in this field worldwide, we used multiple tools to examine research progress and growing trends in research on the matter during the last 16 years (from 2005 to 2020). We also compared the quantity and quality of the literature records on mitophagy published by research institutions in China and other developed countries, reviewed China’s contribution, and examined the gap between China and these developed countries. According to the results of our bibliometric analysis, the United States and its research institutes published the most papers. We identified cell biology as the most commonly researched subject on mitophagy and AUTOPHAGY as the most popular journal for research on mitophagy. We also listed the most cited documents from around the world and China. With gradually increased funding, China is progressively becoming prominent in the field of mitophagy; nevertheless, the gap between her and major countries in the world must be closed.

scholarly journals Standardization and integration of the airport master plan design process

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (12) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Michał Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Airport Management ◽  
Quality Of Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Standard Documents

The article presents the conclusion of the practical experience as well as the results of the author's research in the field of airport management, formulated in the context of the implementation of the investment of the Central Polish Airport. The subject of the considerations and implications is the process of designing the Airport Master Plan – AMP, which in the current situation should be modified in order to ensure effectiveness and efficiency of implementation and quality of results. At the beginning, AMP was characterized on the basis of a study concerning legal acts and selected standard documents, and a study of the quality and risk issues of the AMP was carried out. On the basis of the results obtained, conclusions have been formulated regarding the need for standardization and integration of the dynamic process of AMP design.

scholarly journals Skewed X inactivation in genetically diverse mice is associated with recurrent copy number changes at the Xce locus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathie Y Sun ◽  
Daniel Oreper ◽  
Sarah A Schoenrock ◽  
Rachel McMullan ◽  
Paola Giusti-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Urn Model ◽  
Allelic Series ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Copy Number Changes

ABSTRACTFemale mammals are functional mosaics of their parental X-linked gene expression due to X chromosome inactivation (XCI). This process inactivates one copy of the X chromosome in each cell during embryogenesis and that state is maintained clonally through mitosis. In mice, the choice of which parental X chromosome remains active is determined by the X chromosome controlling element (Xce), which has been mapped to a 176 kb candidate interval. A series of functional Xce alleles has been characterized or inferred for classical inbred strains based on biased, or skewed, inactivation of the parental X chromosomes in crosses between strains. To further explore the function-structure basis and location of the Xce, we measured allele-specific expression of X-linked genes in a large population of F1 females generated from Collaborative Cross strains. Using published sequence data and applying a Bayesian “Pólya urn” model of XCI skew, we report two major findings. First, inter-individual variability in XCI suggests mouse epiblasts on average contain 20-30 cells contributing to brain. Second, NOD/ShiLtJ has a novel and unique functional allele, Xcef, that is the weakest in the Xce allelic series. Despite phylogenetic analysis confirming that NOD/ShiLtJ carries a haplotype almost identical to the well-characterized C57BL/6J (Xceb), we observed unexpected patterns of XCI skewing in females carrying the NOD/ShiLtJ haplotype within the Xce. Copy number variation is common at the Xce locus and we conclude that the observed allelic series is a product of independent and recurring duplications shared between weak Xce alleles.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document