scholarly journals The effects of malapportionment on economic development

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0259150
Author(s):  
Rikhil R. Bhavnani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Welfare Costs ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Night Lights

Does the unequal formal representation of people in legislatures (“malapportionment”) affect development? Answering this question is critical for assessing the welfare costs of malapportionment. We argue that representation might spur development as the desire for reelection incentivizes legislators to provide for their districts, and as voters hold politicians to account for doing so. Since this is the case, malapportionment might cause unequal development. Using data from India, we show that a 10% increase in representation causes a 0.6% increase in night lights, a frequently used proxy for development. Reapportionment, or the equalization for representation, attenuates this effect. Consistent with the theory, the effect of representation is larger in districts with legislators and voters that are able to hold the executive to account.

scholarly journals Configurational Analysis of the Driving Paths of Chinese Digital Economy Based on the Technology–Organization–Environment Framework

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402110545
Author(s):  
Shuangying Chen ◽  
Qiyue Li ◽  
Bo Lei ◽  
Na Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Configurational Analysis ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Toe Framework ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data

The purpose of this study was to examine the combinations of factors driving the digital economy and their configurational pathways, based on the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework. Using data on 31 Chinese provinces, the study integrated the TOE framework with Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to examine the digital economy. The results indicate that (a) firms’ digital competence is a necessary condition for the development of the digital economy; (b) four pathways drive high levels of digital economic development and three pathways lead to low levels of digital economic development; and (c) these pathways indicate asymmetry between high and low levels of digital economic development. The findings enhance understanding of the complex interactions of multiple factors driving the digital economy. They also yield policy recommendations for the development of the digital economy.

Modernization and Status Change among Aged Men and Women

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Clark
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the differences between the relationship between elderly occupational status and modernization for men and women. Consonant with previous findings [1], it finds that economic development is associated with relative losses of elderly men in professional and technical occupations. Augmenting those findings, however, it finds an even stronger association between development and such losses for women. In accounting for the differences, several explanations are advanced and tested, using data from fifty-one nations.

The Production of Cereals in Greece

2017 ◽  
pp. 380-390
Author(s):  
Stilianos Alexiadis ◽  
Stilianos Kokkidis ◽  
Maria Markou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Important Implication ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Regional Economic Development ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Of Greece

Although there have been numerous studies examining the process of regional economic development using the Shift-Share analysis, the agricultural sector has received far less attention. One important implication of this methodology is the possibility to detect groups of regions with certain growth characteristics. This paper contributes to the literature by applying the technique of Shift-Share over the period 2000-2015 using data for the production of cereals across the 13 regions of Greece. One important conclusion to emerge is that, in the case of Greek regions, applying the taxonomic procedure of Shift-Share analysis, it is possible to identify the necessary policies for the improvement of agricultural production in each region.

scholarly journals Economic development thresholds for a green economy in sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simplice A Asongu ◽  
Nicholas M Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This study investigates how increasing economic development affects the green economy in terms of CO2 emissions, using data from 44 countries in the sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000–2012. The Generalized Method of Moments is used for the empirical analysis. The following main findings are established. First, relative to CO2 emissions, enhancing economic growth and population growth engenders a U-shaped pattern whereas increasing inclusive human development shows a Kuznets curve. Second, increasing gross domestic product growth beyond 25% of annual growth is unfavorable for a green economy. Third, a population growth rate of above 3.089% (i.e. annual %) has a positive effect of CO2 emissions. Fourth, an inequality-adjusted human development index of above 0.4969 is beneficial for a green economy because it is associated with a reduction in CO2 emissions. The established critical masses have policy relevance because they are situated within the policy ranges of adopted economic development dynamics.

Indicators Forecasting and Empirical Analysis of Regional Economic Development Based on Neural Network

2011 ◽  
Vol 58-60 ◽  
pp. 1154-1161
Author(s):  
Yu Lin Liu ◽  
Jun Qi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Network Method ◽  
Trend Forecasting ◽  
Production Value ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Based on neural network method and by using the relevant social and economic development history index data, this paper establishes the mathematical model and neural network model that is used to predict future land resource demand, and the network is trained by using data from 1992 to 2005. Accordingly, the trend analysis model, which is to predict and analyses the indicators of population, production value, GDP, etc., is also established, and applied to predict the construction land demand from 2010 to 2020. Here, taking the trend forecasting data of the population, production value and GDP as trained network input, it calculates the future land demand. The simulation result of this method is proved to be satisfactory after comparing it with traditional statistical model forecasting results.

scholarly journals Newspapers and Parties: How Advertising Revenues Created an Independent Press

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA PETROVA
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
Outdoor Advertising ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Newspaper Distribution ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Political Groups

Media freedom strongly inhibits corruption and promotes good governance, but what leads to media freedom? Do economic development and higher advertising revenues tend to make media outlets independent of political groups' influence? Using data on nineteenth-century American newspapers, I show that places with higher advertising revenues were likelier to have newspapers that were independent of political parties. Similar results hold when local advertising rates are instrumented by regulations on outdoor advertising and newspaper distribution. In addition, newly created newspapers were more likely to enter the market as independents in places with higher advertising rates. I also exploit the precise timing of major changes in advertising rates to identify how advertising revenues affected the entry of new newspapers. Finally, I demonstrate that economic development, and concomitant higher advertising revenue, is not the only reason that an independent press expands; political factors also played a role.

scholarly journals Measuring the Relative Efficiency of Government Banks Using Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) For The Period (2010-2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-243
Author(s):  
Ali Hamed Abd ◽  
Mohammed Jassim Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Envelope Analysis ◽  
Intense Competition ◽  
Data Envelope Analysis ◽  
Using Data

The research aims to apply the data envelope analysis method to measure the efficiency of Iraqi government banks for the period (2010-2019) and to implement the objectives of the research, the method of data envelope analysis was chosen on (7) government banks for the period (2010-2019), this research means measuring the efficiency of the Iraqi banking system The research reached a main conclusion that (6) banks did not achieve efficiency, namely (Al-Rafidain Bank, Al-Rasheed Bank, Agricultural Bank, Industrial Bank, Real Estate Bank, Trade Bank of Iraq) and one bank that achieved efficiency during the period 2010-2019, which is (Al-Nahrain Bank Islamic(. Therefore, the research recommends Iraqi government banks to work to raise their efficiency by modernizing banks to strengthen their financial positions, and to provide new banking services to face intense competition in light of the liberalization of banking services trade, and the research recommends the necessity of financing provided by government banks to achieve economic development.

scholarly journals The Impact of ICT and FDI as Drivers to Economic Growth In ASEAN-8 Countries: A Panel Regression Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Noraina Mazuin Sapuan ◽  
Mohammad Rahmdzey Roly
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Over the last few years, information and communication technology (ICT) has become a key catalyst for economic growth. The durability of this technology is demonstrated by the rapid proliferation of the Internet, mobile phones and cellular networks across the globe. However, among economic scholars, the question of exactly how the spread of ICT affects economic development and FDI, especially in ASEAN countries with differences in levels of income, remains unanswered. The aim of this study was essentially to explore the relationship between ICT dissemination, FDI and economic growth in ASEAN-8 countries. By using data from 2003 to 2017, the panel regression analysis was used to evaluate these relationships. The results showed that the dissemination of ICT and FDI are important and they have a positive effect on the ASEAN-8 countries’ economic development.

The Effects of the Protestant Reformation on Human Capital

2011 ◽  
pp. 92-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha O. Becker ◽  
Ludger Woessmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Using Data

Max Weber's (1904) thesis that the Protestant Reformation was instrumental in facilitating industrial capitalism in Western Europe is generally viewed as the “most famous link between culture and economic development.” Weber suggested that Protestants had a specific work ethic that made them work harder and save more. In recent work, an alternative explanation has been proposed that receives strong empirical support: Protestants had higher human capital, which made them more productive and therefore increased their economic prosperity. This article explores the recent advancements in the economics of religion that assign a leading role to human capital in understanding the economic effects of the Reformation. It first provides a brief sketch of the underlying theory and then presents extensive evidence on the effects of the Reformation on human capital using data from nineteenth-century Prussia. The article also discusses consequences beyond education, covering effects on economic development as well as on the fertility decline. Evidence from outside Prussia, both across and within countries, is also presented.

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