scholarly journals Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and selected rumen parameters in feedlot bulls fed diets with different feed additives

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259414
Author(s):  
Breno de Castro Silva ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Carneiro Pacheco ◽  
Letícia Artuzo Godoi ◽  
Gilyard Angelo Pinheiro de Souza ◽  
Nathália Veloso Trópia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Rumen Ph

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the feed intake, nutrient digestibility and selected rumen parameters in feedlot bulls fed diets containing different feed additives. Six rumen-cannulated Nellore bulls (age = 8 ± 1.0 months; initial BW = 225 ± 13.2 kg) were distributed in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Six experimental diets based on 30% corn silage and 70% concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis were evaluated. Diets differed in feed additive on a DM basis, as follows: 1.4% bicarbonate and magnesium oxide in 3:1 ratio (BOX); 36 ppm lasalocid sodium (LAS); 30 ppm monensin sodium (MON); 25 ppm virginiamycin (VIR); 30 ppm monensin sodium plus 25 ppm virginiamycin (MV); and 3.15% commercial mineral supplement containing D-limonene and exogenous α-amylase (EOA). The experiment lasted 144 d, with six periods of 24 d. Each period consisted of 14 d for dietary adaptation, 3 d for feces and urine collection, and 7 d for omasal and ruminal digesta collection. Bulls fed the BOX diet showed greater (P < 0.05) intake of DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (apNDF), crude protein (CP), and starch compared to the other diets. Diets with LAS, MON, VIR, MV, or EOA did not influence (P > 0.05) the DM, OM, apNDF, CP, or starch intake of feedlot bulls. Bulls fed the EOA diet showed greater (trend; P = 0.09) ruminal digestibility of starch compared to the other diets. The feed additives did not affect (P > 0.05) the intestinal or total tract digestibility of starch, rumen pH, microbial efficiency, total rumen fluid, dilution rate, rate of intake, rate of degradation, or passage rate of the DM, OM, apNDF, and starch. In conclusion, LAS, MON, VIR, MV, and EOA diets reduced nutrient intake compared to BOX. Although all feed additives presented similar effects on rumen pH, temperature, and kinetics the presence of exogenous α-amylase in the EOA diet may increase ruminal starch digestibility and apparent total tract digestibility of DM and OM.

scholarly journals PSIX-20 Mechanisms of Programmed Nutrition in finishing cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 424-424
Author(s):  
Amanda P Schiff ◽  
Kyle McLeod ◽  
James L Klotz ◽  
Vaughn Holder ◽  
David L Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Mean Differences

Abstract Programmed Nutrition Beef Program (Alltech Inc.) is a supplement that could reduce the use of feed additives such as Monensin and Tylosin in feedlots. The objective of this study was to examine changes in rumen fermentation when feeding Monensin/Tylosin and Programmed Nutrition. Eight steers (BW = 363 ± 22 kg) were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design experiment in a 2 x 2 factorial treatment structure where animals were fed a high-concentrate diet at 2.0 x NEm. Treatments were Control (C; conventional trace mineral supplement), Control + Monensin + Tylosin (MT), Programmed Nutrition (PN; Programmed Nutrition Beef Finisher), or Programmed Nutrition + Monensin + Tylosin (PNMT), incorporated daily to the diet at 75 g/day. Rumen pH was measured continuously for 48 h, rumen fluid was collected every 2 h for 48 h and analyzed for VFA. Dietary digestibility, nitrogen and energy balance were determined by collection of total urine and fecal output for 7 days, and indirect calorimetry for 48 h. Protein turnover was determined via 15N-glycine end-product method. The experiment was analyzed as a replicated Latin square design with mixed models of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc.). Mean differences were analyzed using LSD, rumen VFA and pH data were analyzed using repeated measures. There were no differences between treatments in DMI, ADG, dry matter digestibility and rumen pH. Addition of MT to the diet lowered fecal N output (P = 0.0092), ruminal valerate concentration (P = 0.0125) and molar proportion (P = 0.0235). When PN was fed in combination with MT it decreased ADF digestibility (P = 0.0342), protein turnover (P = 0.0211), protein synthesis (P = 0.0362) and protein degradation (P = 0.0292). Although no differences in ADG and dry matter digestibility were observed, significant metabolic changes occurred when supplementing PN with or without MT.

scholarly journals Productivity of pigs when feeding celluloseamylolytic additive

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (92) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Y. Novakovska
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Amylolytic Enzyme ◽  
Experimental Group

The use of different feed processing methods using exogenous feed additives to improve the digestibility of plant feed ingredients in pig feeding has been studied for decades. In the research laboratory of the Institute of Forage and Agriculture of Podillya NAAS, compositions of enzymes with cellulase and amylase activity were studied. They are able to effectively break down non-starch polysaccharides in cereals, increase digestibility and absorption of feed nutrients. The purpose of this work was to study the zootechnical efficiency of the use of biologically active in the composition of feed pigs for fattening. In the presented material, the influence of feeding cellulose amylolytic enzyme additive on the productive qualities of pigs for fattening is highlighted. The cellulose amylolytic additive contained α-amylase with an activity of 9342 IU/h and cellulase with an activity of 540 IU/h. Studies in pigs were performed in two stages: the equalization period (15 days) and the main (71 days). For feeding pigs, a feed mixture was used, consisting of feed grown directly on the farm – barley, wheat, soybeans. The diet of the control group consisted of 63 % barley grain, 27.5 % wheat grain, 9 % soybean meal 0.5 % mineral supplement. Pigs of the experimental group were fed cellulose amylolytic feed additive at the rate of 5 g of cellulase and 1 g of amylase per 1 kg of feed. Feeding supplements determines the intensity of the process of digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Cellulose-amylolytic additive affects the absorption of carbohydrates in the diet, providing an increase in the digestibility of the control and experimental groups, respectively, neutral-detergent fiber (38.2 and 46.7 %), acid-detergent fiber (18.7 and 36.5 %), the amount easily hydrolyzed carbohydrates (85.4 and 90.2 %), hemicellulose (65.7 and 61.5 %), cellulose (13.2 and 21.4 %). The decision on the feasibility of including cellulose-amylolytic additive in the diet can be confirmed on the basis of its use during the scientific and economic experiment. In the control group, the average daily increase in live weight was 725.07 g, and in the experimental group by 19.7 % more at the level of 902.53 g. It was also noted a positive effect on the formation of body biomass, development of individual organs and their systems.

scholarly journals Impact of a phytogenic feed additive on growth performance, feed intake, and carcass traits of finishing steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1162-1172
Author(s):  
Tassilo Brand ◽  
Martin Hünerberg ◽  
Tim A McAllister ◽  
Maolong He ◽  
Atef M Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Liver Abscesses ◽  
Finishing Steers

Abstact: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a phytogenic feed additive (Digestarom [DA]; Biomin, Getzersdorf, Austria) on growth performance, feed intake, carcass traits, fatty acid composition, and liver abscesses of finishing steers. One hundred twenty Angus × Charolais crossbred steers (488 ± 26.5 kg) were used in a 110-d feeding experiment. Steers were blocked by weight and randomly assigned to 12 pens with 10 steers per pen. Each pen was allocated to one of three diets. Each diet contained 86.5% barley, 10.0% barley silage, and 3.5% vitamin and mineral supplement on a dry matter (DM) basis. The diets contained 0, 0.05, and 0.1 g DA/kg complete diet (DM basis), to achieve average daily DA intakes of 0 (control), 0.5 (LowDA), and 1.0 g (HighDA) per steer. Diets were prepared once daily and provided ad libitum. Two pens per treatment were equipped to record individual feed intake behavior. Steers were weighed every 28 d and carcass traits and liver scores were recorded at slaughter. Dry matter intake (average: 9.34 kg/d) did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) among diets. Average daily gain tended to increase linearly as DA increased (control: 1.82; LowDA: 1.87; and HighDA: 1.95 kg/d; P &lt; 0.09), but gain:feed ratio was not affected. Supplementation of DA affected longissimus muscle area quadratically (P = 0.05) with the largest area observed for LowDA. However, dressing percentage decreased linearly in response to increasing level of DA (P &lt; 0.01). Total abscessed livers were not affected, whereas proportion of severe liver abscesses was numerically lower with DA (30.8% and 42.5% for LowDA and HighDA) compared to the control (50%).

scholarly journals Effects of source and concentration of neutral detergent fiber from roughage in beef cattle diets on feed intake, ingestive behavior, and ruminal kinetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo S Goulart ◽  
Ricardo A M Vieira ◽  
Joao L P Daniel ◽  
Rafael C Amaral ◽  
Vanessa P Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Residence Times

Abstract The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of source and concentration of α-amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) from roughage on feed intake, ingestive behavior, and ruminal kinetics in beef cattle receiving high-concentrate diets. Six ruminally cannulated Nellore steers (408 ± 12 kg of body weight) were randomly assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design with six diets: 10% aNDF from corn silage (10CS); 20% aNDF from corn silage (20CS); or four diets containing 10% aNDF from corn silage and 10% aNDF from one of the following sources: sugarcane (SC), sugarcane bagasse (SCB), soybean hulls (SH), or low oil cottonseed hulls (LOCH). The parameters of passage and degradation kinetics were estimated based on a two-compartmental model with gamma- and exponential-distributed residence times. The nonlinear models were fitted by nonlinear least squares, and a linear mixed-effects model was fitted to all variables measured from the Latin square design that were related to intake, digestibility, digestion kinetic parameters, and residence times. Mean particle size (MPS) between roughage sources (CS, SCB, and SC) and coproducts (SH and LOCH) was affected (P &lt; 0.05). Dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by 20CS, SC, SH, or LOCH. Steers fed 20CS or LOCH diets had 16% and 20% greater DMI, respectively, (P &lt; 0.05) than steers fed 10CS diet. Steers fed SCB consumed the least dry matter (DM). The SH and LOCH diets had lower MPS values (about 8.77 mm) in comparison to 20CS, SCB, and SC diets (about 13.08 mm) and, consequently, affected (P &lt; 0.05) rumen content, ruminal in situ disappearance, nutrient digestibility, and solid fractional passage rate. Chewing time was affected (P &lt; 0.05) by roughage sources and concentration. Lower values of distance travel inside the rumen (min/cm) were observed (P &lt; 0.05) for the SCB and SC diets in comparison with any other diet. Except for SCB, there was no difference (P &gt; 0.05) in rumen fill, among other treatments. Mean daily ruminal pH was not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by 20CS, SCB, SC, and LOCH diets, and it ranged from 6.1 to 6.23. Total short-chain fatty acids concentration was affected (P &lt; 0.05) by roughage source and concentration. Based on our results, we recommend that under Brazilian finishing diets, replacing roughage sources, except for SCB, based on aNDF concentration of the roughage in high-concentrate diets containing finely ground flint corn does not affect DMI.

scholarly journals Associations between residual feed intake and apparent nutrient digestibility, in vitro methane-producing activity, and volatile fatty acid concentrations in growing beef cattle1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 3550-3561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn R Johnson ◽  
Gordon E Carstens ◽  
Wimberly K Krueger ◽  
Phillip A Lancaster ◽  
Erin G Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between residual feed intake (RFI) and DM and nutrient digestibility, in vitro methane production, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in growing beef cattle. Residual feed intake was measured in growing Santa Gertrudis steers (Study 1; n = 57; initial BW = 291.1 ± 33.8 kg) and Brangus heifers (Study 2; n = 468; initial BW = 271.4 ± 26.1 kg) fed a high-roughage-based diet (ME = 2.1 Mcal/kg DM) for 70 d in a Calan-gate feeding barn. Animals were ranked by RFI based on performance and feed intake measured from day 0 to 70 (Study 1) or day 56 (Study 2) of the trial, and 20 animals with the lowest and highest RFI were identified for subsequent collections of fecal and feed refusal samples for DM and nutrient digestibility analysis. In Study 2, rumen fluid and feces were collected for in vitro methane-producing activity (MPA) and VFA analysis in trials 2, 3, and 4. Residual feed intake classification did not affect BW or BW gain (P &gt; 0.05), but low-RFI steers and heifers both consumed 19% less (P &lt; 0.01) DMI compared with high-RFI animals. Steers with low RFI tended (P &lt; 0.1) to have higher DM digestibility (DMD) compared with high-RFI steers (70.3 vs. 66.5 ± 1.6% DM). Heifers with low RFI had 4% higher DMD (76.3 vs. 73.3 ± 1.0% DM) and 4 to 5% higher (P &lt; 0.01) CP, NDF, and ADF digestibility compared with heifers with high RFI. Low-RFI heifers emitted 14% less (P &lt; 0.01) methane (% GE intake; GEI) calculated according to Blaxter and Clapperton (1965) as modified by Wilkerson et al. (1995), and tended (P = 0.09) to have a higher rumen acetate:propionate ratio than heifers with high RFI (GEI = 5.58 vs. 6.51 ± 0.08%; A:P ratio = 5.02 vs. 4.82 ± 0.14%). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that apparent nutrient digestibilities (DMD and NDF digestibility) for Study 1 and Study 2 accounted for an additional 8 and 6%, respectively, of the variation in intake unaccounted for by ADG and mid-test BW0.75. When DMD, NDF digestibility, and total ruminal VFA were added to the base model for Study 2, trials 2, 3, and 4, the R2 increased from 0.33 to 0.47, explaining an additional 15% of the variation in DMI unrelated to growth and body size. On the basis of the results of these studies, differences in observed phenotypic RFI in growing beef animals may be a result of inter-animal variation in apparent nutrient digestibility and ruminal VFA concentrations.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary supplementation of xylanase in a wheat-based diet containing canola meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, organ weight, and short-chain fatty acid concentration in digesta when fed to weaned pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo A Mejicanos ◽  
Gemma González-Ortiz ◽  
Charles Martin Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Main Factors

Abstract This study was designed to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of xylanase on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, organ weight, digesta pH, and concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) of weaned pigs fed wheat–canola meal (CM) diets over a 35-d period. A total of 144 piglets (72 barrows and 72 gilts) weaned at 18 ± 2 d of age, with initial body weight (BW) of 6.2 ± 0.7 kg, received one of eight dietary treatments based on randomized complete block design. BW and feed intake were recorded weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed efficiency (G:F). Treatments consisted of a control wheat–soybean meal-based diet and wheat-regular (RCM), dehulled (DCM), or coarse CM (CCM) without and with 16,000 BXU/kg xylanase (Econase XT). All diets contained 500 FTU/kg of phytase (Quantum Blue 5G) and titanium dioxide (0.3%). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), phosphorous (P), calcium (Ca), dry matter, and diet were determined. On day 35, one pig per pen was euthanized to evaluate the main factors of protein, xylanase supplementation, and sex on organ weight, ileal and colon digesta pH, and colon digesta concentrations of SCFA. The main factors did not affect growth performance. Xylanase supplementation improved nutrient digestibilities in all diets and increased ileal and colonic digesta pH without affecting the growth performance of weaned pigs fed wheat and CM-based diets. A protein–xylanase effect (P &lt; 0.05) resulted in increasing the ATTD of NDF from 28% to 32% and from 29% to 37% for RCM and DCM, respectively. The ATTD of CP was greater (P &lt; 0.05) with xylanase supplementation (75% vs. 70%). Xylanase supplementation increased ATTD of P and Ca. A three-way interaction (P &lt; 0.05) for protein–xylanase–gender for colon pH, acetic, and propionic acid in the colon digesta of pigs indicated that, in addition to the protein source, piglet sex could have influenced how xylanase works. Xylanase supplementation increased (P &lt; 0.05) the weight of the liver and spleen and tended (P &lt; 0.10) to increase the size of the kidney. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of xylanase increased nutrient digestibility and digesta pH but did not influence the growth performance of weaned pigs fed wheat and CM-based diets over a 35-d period.

scholarly journals Substituting corn silage with reconstituted forage or nonforage fiber sources in the starter diets of Holstein calves: effects on performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 3046-3055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahryar Kargar ◽  
Meysam Kanani ◽  
Marzia Albenzio ◽  
Mariangela Caroprese
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration

Abstract We examined the effects of replacing corn silage (CS) with reconstituted alfalfa hay (AH) or beet pulp (BP) in the starter diet on the nutrient intake and digestibility, growth performance, rumen fermentation characteristics, selected blood metabolites, and health status in Holstein dairy calves. Newborn female calves (n = 54; 3 d of age; 39.8 ± 1.36 kg BW) were assigned randomly to 3 groups receiving starter diets containing CS [10% dry matter (DM) basis; CS diet) and reconstituted AH (10% DM, RAH diet) or BP (10% DM; RBP diet). The starter diets had the same nutrient composition and DM content. The calves were weaned on day 50 and the study continued until day 70. Nutrient intake, body weight (at weaning and at the end of the study), daily weight gain, feed efficiency, and body measurements (including heart girth, withers height, body length, body barrel, hip height, and hip width) were not affected by the diet (P > 0.05). Health-related variables including rectal temperature, fecal score, and general appearance score were not influenced by the diets (P > 0.05). During the postweaning period, apparent total tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, and crude protein were higher for RBP (P = 0.001); however, digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was lower in RAH compared with CS or RBP (P = 0.001). Daily amount of nutrient digestibility did not change across the diets (P > 0.05). Rumen fluid pH and total volatile fatty acid concentration and profile were not different across the diets after weaning (P > 0.05). Calves fed RAH or RBP had higher blood concentration of β-hydroxy butyric acid compared with CS only before weaning (P = 0.03). Blood albumin concentration was higher for RBP compared with CS or RAH during the preweaning (P = 0.006) and overall (P = 0.005) periods; however, it was lower for CS compared with RBP after weaning (P = 0.03). Concentration of other blood variables including glucose, blood urea N, total protein, and globulin did not change across the diets (P > 0.05). Calves, in general, were healthy, and replacing CS with RAH or RBP in the starter diet had no beneficial effect on their feed intake or growth performance indicating that CS and reconstituted AH or BP can be used interchangeably in dairy calf starter diets until 70 d of age, allowing dairy producers more choices in selecting the feed ingredients.

EFFECTS OF FEEDING MONENSIN TO HOLSTEIN STEERS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. McKNIGHT ◽  
L. A. DREVJANY ◽  
G. S. HOOPER
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Factor Interactions ◽  
Better Than

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of monensin on feed intake, rate of gain and feed efficiency of a total of 198 Holstein steers. In experiment I, 72 steers were fed ground ear corn and corn silage diets containing 0 (treatment 1), 22 (treatment 2) and 33 (treatment 3) g/tonne DM monensin for 112 days. Treatments 2 and 3 received 11 g/tonne DM monensin for the first 28 days. Daily gains were not significantly different (P > 0.05) throughout the trial and intake was slightly reduced (P > 0.05) with monensin addition. Feed efficiency in treatments 2 and 3 were improved 5.5 and 8.8% respectively, but only treatment 3 was significantly (P < 0.05) better than treatment 1. Rumen fluid from steers fed treatment 3 contained a higher proportion (P < 0.05) of propionic acid and a lower (P < 0.05) A:P ratio than did rumen fluid from treatment 1. Levels of acetic and butyric acid were reduced (P > 0.05) by monensin inclusion. In experiment II, 46 steers were fed hay crop silage and shelled corn diets containing 0 (treatment 1) and 33 g/tonne DM (treatment 2) monensin for 112 days. Gains were slightly (P > 0.05) higher and intake slightly (P > 0.05) lower on treatment 2. Monensin improved (P > 0.05) feed efficiency by 8.5%. In experiment III, 40 purchased and 40 station-reared steers were assigned by origin, in pairs, to 40 Calan electronic headgates. A 23 factorial experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of diet with or without monensin used separately and in combination with progesterone-estradiol implants. Steers were fed a high moisture ear corn and corn silage diet for 84 days. No 3-factor interactions (P > 0.05) were detected. Implant treatments gained significantly (P < 0.05) faster than either control or monensin alone. Intake was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in treatments fed monensin. Feed efficiency was improved (P < 0.05) 16% with both monensin and implant, 10% (P < 0.05) with monensin alone, and 6% (P > 0.05) with implant alone over control.

scholarly journals The effect of phosphate and carbonate-bicarbonate supplements on the rumen buffering systems of sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijan Emmanuel ◽  
M. J. Lawlor ◽  
D. McAleese
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Ph Range

1. Two wethers fitted with permanent rumen cannulas were used to study the effect of two mineral supplements, Na2HPO4 and a 1:1 mixture of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3, on the buffering system in the rumen of sheep given a pelleted roughage-concentrate diet.2. Measurements were made of rumen pH, buffering capacity value (β), total volatile fatty acids (VFA), CO2 and inorganic phosphorus concentrations as well as rumen cellulase activity.3. The addition of either mineral supplement to the diet significantly (P < 0.001) increased the rumen pH values during the critical post-feeding period, there was a difference of only 0.5 pH unit between the minimum and maximum pH values.4. Both mineral supplements significantly increased the concentrations of CO2 in the rumen fluid and rumen cellulase activity. They resulted in a general reduction in total VFA concentrations. It is suggested that this may possibly arise from increased absorption of VFA associated with increased CO2 tension in the rumen fluid.5. The Na2HPO4 supplement significantly ( P < 0.001) increased the β values in the pH range 6–8, whereas the bicarbonate supplement contributed to raising the β values in the pH range 5–6.6. The bicarbonate supplements raised cellulose digestibility from 39.7% for the control diet to 45.6% and the addition of Na2HPO4 further raised the digestibility to 51.1%. It would appear that low rumen pH impairs rumen cellulase activity and this could be offset by the addition of mineral supplements.

scholarly journals Influence of phytogenic feed additives and prebiotic in vegetable protein based diet on broiler performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
HR Tanzim ◽  
GB Das ◽  
M Ahmad ◽  
M Barua ◽  
K Islam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance

This study was conducted to determine the effect of phytogenic feed additive and prebiotic on vegetable protein base diet in broiler performance.  A total of 90 chicks (Cobb-500) were weighted and randomly assigned to the three treatment groups (To, T1 and T2) and supplemented with either phytogenic feed additives or prebiotic and reared for 28 days. Data on live body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion (FC) were taken at weekly interval. Results revealed that significant (P<0.05) increase in live body weight of broilers was evident in both phytogenic feed additive and prebiotic supplemented groups comparing to the control group at 4th weeks of age. No significant (P>0.05) differences were found in live weight gain among the treatment groups on weekly intervals along the whole experimental period. However, significant differences (P<0.05) were evident on cumulative weight gain at 3rd and 4th weeks of age. In case of feed intake at the age of 3rd and 4th weeks, significant (P<0.05) differences were obtained with decreased feed intake in both phytogenic feed additive and prebiotic supplemented groups comparing to the control group. In case of feed conversion (FC), there were significant (P<0.05) differences among the groups on 1st week and 4th week of age. Best FC was accounted for prebiotic supplemented group along the whole experimental period. The survivability rates were 96.67%, 100% and 100% in control group, phytogenic feed additive and prebiotic supplemented group respectively. Results finally showed that vegetable protein when supplemented with phytogenic prebiotic feed additives and prebiotic c an additive beneficial effect on performance of when compared to non-supplemented control diet. So, ration using vegetable protein mixed with phytogenic feed additives or prebiotic can be recommended for broiler.Progressive Agriculture 28 (4): 323-330, 2017

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