scholarly journals Influence of adiposity and physical activity on the cardiometabolic association pattern of lipoprotein subclasses to aerobic fitness in prepubertal children

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259901
Author(s):  
Tarja Rajalahti ◽  
Eivind Aadland ◽  
Geir Kåre Resaland ◽  
Sigmund Alfred Anderssen ◽  
Olav Martin Kvalheim
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Lipoprotein Subclass ◽  
Lipoprotein Subclasses ◽  
Association Pattern ◽  
Joint Influence ◽  
Strength Of Association ◽  
Lipoprotein Pattern

Aerobic fitness (AF) and lipoprotein subclasses associate to each other and to cardiovascular health. Adiposity and physical activity (PA) influence the association pattern of AF to lipoproteins almost inversely making it difficult to assess their independent and joint influence on the association pattern. This study, including 841 children (50% boys) 10.2 ± 0.3 years old with BMI 18.0 ± 3.0 kg/m2 from rural Western Norway, aimed at examining the association pattern of AF to the lipoprotein subclasses and to estimate the independent and joint influence of PA and adiposity on this pattern. We used multivariate analysis to determine the association pattern of a profile of 26 lipoprotein features to AF with and without adjustment for three measures of adiposity and a high-resolution PA descriptor of 23 intensity intervals derived from accelerometry. For data not adjusted for adiposity or PA, we observed a cardioprotective lipoprotein pattern associating to AF. This pattern withstood adjustment for PA, but the strength of association to AF was reduced by 58%, while adjustment for adiposity weakened the association of AF to the lipoproteins by 85% and with strongest changes in the associations to a cardioprotective high-density lipoprotein subclass pattern. When adjusted for both adiposity and PA, the cardioprotective lipoprotein pattern still associated to AF, but the strength of association was reduced by 90%. Our results imply that the (negative) influence of adiposity on the cardioprotective association pattern of lipoproteins to AF is considerably stronger than the (positive) contribution of PA to this pattern. However, our analysis shows that PA contributes also indirectly through a strong inverse association to adiposity. The trial was registered 7 May, 2014 in clinicaltrials.gov with trial reg. no.: NCT02132494 and the URL is https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=NCT02132494&cntry=NO.

Abstract P036: Effects of Exercise Training and Increasing Non-Exercise Physical Activity on Lipoprotein Subclass and Size: Results From the I-CAN Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon L Swift ◽  
Mark A Sarzynski ◽  
Joshua McGee ◽  
Savanna Barefoot ◽  
Patricia M Brophy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Lipoprotein Subclass ◽  
Lipoprotein Subclasses ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Previous studies have shown that lipoprotein particle size and lipoprotein subclasses are associated with cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes risk, and have independent prognostic value above traditional lipid concentrations. The impact of exercise training and increasing non-exercise physical activity on lipoprotein subclasses and size has not been previously investigated. Methods: In this pilot study, 35 obese adults were randomized to aerobic exercise training (50-75% of VO 2 max) (AERO, n=11), aerobic training and increasing non-exercise physical activity (AERO-PA, n=10, ~3,000 steps above baseline levels), or a non-exercise control group (n=14) for 6 months. Baseline and follow-up blood samples were analyzed for lipoprotein subclass, size, and lipoprotein insulin resistance score (LP-IR) using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Liposcience, NC). Analysis of covariance was used to evaluate the change in outcome variables following the intervention across groups with adjustment for baseline value and age. Participants who changed lipid medications during the intervention (n=2) or who were non-adherent to exercise training (n=2) were excluded from the analysis. Results: Significant reductions were observed for mean VLDL size in the AERO-PA group (-4.7 nm, CI: -8.7 to -0.8) compared to control group (0.7 nm, CI: -2.7 to 4.4) and the AERO group (1.1 nm, CI: -2.9 to 5.0). Reductions in triglyceride concentrations were observed in the AERO-PA group (-28.3 mg/dL, CI: -50.3 to -6.4) compared to control (4.1 mg/dL, CI: -14.6 to 22.8). Additionally, we observed a trend for LP-IR index (p=0.055) and the concentration of small HDL particles (p=0.093) to decrease in the AERO-PA group compared to controls, with no differences compared to the AERO group (p>0.10). No significant changes were observed for other notable lipoprotein measures, such as LDL size, HDL size, concentration of small LDL particles, or chylomicron measures (p>0.05). In the AERO-PA group, the change in steps was associated with the change in LP-IR index (r= -0.71, p=0.013), but not with change in VLDL size (r= -0.24, p=0.463) or triglyceride concentrations (r=-0.28, p=0.388). Conclusions: Aerobic training combined with increasing non-exercise physical activity leads to favorable changes in the lipoprotein profile, specifically reductions in VLDL size and triglycerides, and may have promise for other lipoprotein traits (reductions in LP-IR and small HDL particles) that were not observed with aerobic training alone.

scholarly journals Female rats selectively bred for high intrinsic aerobic fitness are protected from ovariectomy-associated metabolic dysfunction

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (6) ◽  
pp. R530-R542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria J. Vieira-Potter ◽  
Jaume Padilla ◽  
Young-Min Park ◽  
Rebecca J. Welly ◽  
Rebecca J. Scroggins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Spontaneous Physical Activity ◽  
Resting Energy

Ovariectomized rodents model human menopause in that they rapidly gain weight, reduce spontaneous physical activity (SPA), and develop metabolic dysfunction, including insulin resistance. How contrasting aerobic fitness levels impacts ovariectomy (OVX)-associated metabolic dysfunction is not known. Female rats selectively bred for high and low intrinsic aerobic fitness [high-capacity runners (HCR) and low-capacity runners (LCR), respectively] were maintained under sedentary conditions for 39 wk. Midway through the observation period, OVX or sham (SHM) operations were performed providing HCR-SHM, HCR-OVX, LCR-SHM, and LCR-OVX groups. Glucose tolerance, energy expenditure, and SPA were measured before and 4 wk after surgery, while body composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and adipose tissue distribution, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and skeletal muscle phenotype, hepatic lipid content, insulin resistance via homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance and AdipoIR, and blood lipids were assessed at death. Remarkably, HCR were protected from OVX-associated increases in adiposity and insulin resistance, observed only in LCR. HCR rats were ∼30% smaller, had ∼70% greater spontaneous physical activity (SPA), consumed ∼10% more relative energy, had greater skeletal muscle proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1-alpha, and ∼40% more BAT. OVX did not increase energy intake and reduced SPA to the same extent in both HCR and LCR. LCR were particularly affected by an OVX-associated reduction in resting energy expenditure and experienced a reduction in relative BAT; resting energy expenditure correlated positively with BAT across all animals ( r = 0.6; P < 0.001). In conclusion, despite reduced SPA following OVX, high intrinsic aerobic fitness protects against OVX-associated increases in adiposity and insulin resistance. The mechanism may involve preservation of resting energy expenditure.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, and Caucasians: The Multiethnic Cohort

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 634-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Steinbrecher ◽  
Eva Erber ◽  
Andrew Grandinetti ◽  
Claudio Nigg ◽  
Laurence N. Kolonel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort

Background:Physical inactivity is an established risk factor for diabetes; however, little is known about this association across ethnic groups with different diabetes risk. Therefore, we evaluated the association between physical activity and diabetes and potential effect modification by ethnicity in the Hawaii component of the Multiethnic Cohort.Methods:Participants, aged 45 to 75 years, were enrolled by completing a questionnaire on demographics, diet, and self-reported weekly hours of strenuous sports, vigorous work, and moderate activity. Among the 74,913 participants (39% Caucasian, 14% Native Hawaiian, 47% Japanese American), 8561 incident diabetes cases were identified by self-report, a medication questionnaire, and through health plan linkages. Cox regression was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) while adjusting for known confounders.Results:Engaging in strenuous sports was inversely related to diabetes risk with HRs (4+ hours/week vs. never) of 0.67 (95%CI: 0.57–0.79) in women and 0.80 (95%CI: 0.72–0.88) in men. In stratified analyses, the inverse association was consistent across ethnic groups. The inverse association of vigorous work with diabetes was limited to men, while beneficial effects of moderate activity were observed only in Caucasians.Conclusions:These findings support a role of high-intensity physical activity and ethnic-specific guidelines in diabetes prevention.

Abstract P254: Risk Factors For Venous Thromboembolism in a Cohort of French Women

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lajous ◽  
Laura Tondeur ◽  
Agnes Fournier ◽  
Francoise Clavel-Chapelon
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Vein Thrombosis

Background: There is controversy over whether cardiovascular disease and venous thromboembolism (VTE) share risk factors. Prospective information on risk factors for VTE in otherwise healthy individuals is limited. Methods and Results We evaluated the relation between known risk factors for cardiovascular disease and incidence of VTE among 65,272 French women in the E3N prospective cohort study with no prior history of VTE and who were free of cardiovascular disease or cancer in 1993. All information was self-reported via mailed questionnaires and diet and physical activity were assessed using previously validated instruments. Between 1993 and 2007, 766 cases of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism were first identified through self-reports and validated using medical records and information from treating physicians. Cases were considered valid if the diagnosis was based on an imaging procedure. We evaluated the following risk factors: education, menopause, postmenopausal hormone use, treated hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, diabetes, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, smoking status and intake of alcohol, red meat, fish, fruits and vegetables, fiber and coffee. In a multivariable model with age as the time scale, we found that, compared to women with a BMI <22 kg/m2, the HR (95%CI) was 1.35 (1.14, 1.60) for 22–24.9 kg/m2, 2.11 (1.73, 2.57) for 25–29.9 kg/m2 and 2.88 (2.08, 3.98) for ≥30 kg/m2 and the p-trend was <0.0001. Menopause was found to be inversely associated with VTE risk [HR=0.60 (95%CI 0.45–0.80); postmenopausal vs. premenopausal women]. In analyses restricted to postmenopausal women, relative to never users current use of postmenopausal hormones was significantly associated to VTE risk [HR=1.44 (95%CI 1.18–1.74)]. No significant association was found with dietary and other cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion In this large prospective study only some risk factors for cardiovascular disease were associated to VTE incidence. We observed a strong inverse association between menopause and VTE.

Abstract 14477: Adolescent Lipoprotein Subclass Profile: Reference Ranges, Comparison to Adult, and Association With Carotid Intima-media Thickness

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimund Pechlaner ◽  
Nele Friedrich ◽  
Anna Staudt ◽  
Nina Gande ◽  
Benoît Bernar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Lipoprotein Subclass ◽  
Lipoprotein Subclasses ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Triglyceride Content

Introduction: Atherosclerosis begins in early life. Assessment of comprehensive lipoprotein subclass profiles in adolescents and their relation to atherosclerosis may enhance our understanding of the development of dyslipidemia in early life and inform early vascular prevention Hypothesis: Lipoprotein subclass profiles in adolescents are distinct from those in adults and associate with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Methods: Content of lipids (cholesterol, free cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids) and apolipoproteins (apoB-100, apoA1, apoA2) of 17 lipoprotein subclasses (from least dense to densest: VLDL1-6, IDL, LDL1-6, HDL1-4) was measured in plasma of n=1776 14- to 19-year olds (56.6% female) and of n=3217 adults (51.5% female) by nuclear magnetic resonance. cIMT was ascertained by sonography in adolescents. Results: Adolescents compared to adults featured lower triglycerides, total, LDL, and non-HDL cholesterol, and apoB, and higher HDL cholesterol. They showed 27.2 to 60.5% lower triglyceride content of all lipoprotein subclasses and 21.7 to 50.0% lower VLDL lipid content. Concentrations of LDL-4 and LDL-5 were 40.7 to 47.3% lower, with markedly lower levels also of LDL-6 and LDL-3, but 24.3% higher HDL-1 ApoA1. In adolescents, LDL-3, LDL-4, and LDL-5 subclasses were associated with cIMT (difference in cIMT for a 1-SD higher concentration, 4.76 to 5.93μm), whereas no significant association with cIMT was observed for VLDL or HDL. Conclusions: Adolescents showed a markedly different and more favorable lipoprotein profile compared to adults. Dense LDL subclasses were the only subclasses associated with cIMT, implicating them as the potential preferred therapeutic target for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adolescents.

scholarly journals Association between physical activity, occupational sitting time and mortality in a general population: An 18-year prospective survey in Tanushimaru, Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 758-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Sakaue ◽  
Hisashi Adachi ◽  
Mika Enomoto ◽  
Ako Fukami ◽  
Eita Kumagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Occupational Sitting ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

Aims It is well known that a decline in physical activity is associated with an increase of all-cause death including cardiovascular events and cancer. Few studies have examined the association between occupational sitting time and mortality. Therefore, we investigated this issue in a general population. Methods Physical activity and occupational sitting time were measured using the Baecke physical activity questionnaire in 1999. The questionnaire generated indices in three physical activity categories: work, sport and leisure-time. A total physical activity index was calculated by adding these three indices. The Baecke physical activity questionnaire was able to evaluate occupational sitting time. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox's proportional hazard regression models. Results We enrolled a total of 1680 participants, who were followed up for 15.9 ± 3.8 years. The final follow-up rate was 93%. During the follow-up period, 397 subjects died. A significant inverse association ( p < 0.0001) was found between physical activity and mortality after adjustment for age and sex. Compared with lower levels of physical activity, the adjusted hazard ratio for mortality at higher levels of physical activity was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.78–0.92). Longer occupational sitting time was also significantly associated with higher mortality ( p < 0.01). The adjusted hazard ratio for mortality at longer occupational sitting time was 1.16 (95% CI: 1.05–1.27). These findings were observed in males, but not in females. Conclusions Our data demonstrated that higher levels of physical activity are associated with a reduced risk of cancer and cardiovascular death. Further, longer occupational sitting time is associated with increased mortality.

Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Sleep and the Association With Inflammatory Markers and Adiponectin in 8- to 11-Year-Old Danish Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 733-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette S. Nielsen ◽  
Jonas S. Quist ◽  
Jean-Philippe Chaput ◽  
Stine-Mathilde Dalskov ◽  
Camilla T. Damsgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Pubertal Status ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Reactive Protein

Background:Inflammatory markers, adiponectin, and movement/nonmovement behaviors have all been linked to risk factors for cardiovascular disease; however, the association between childhood movement/nonmovement behaviors and inflammatory markers and adiponectin is unknown.Methods:We explored the association between accelerometer determined moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time, and sleep (7 days/8 nights) and fasting C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and adiponectin in 806 school children. A sleep variability score was calculated.Results:MVPA was negatively associated with adiponectin in boys and girls (P < .001) and with CRP and IL-6 in girls (P < .05) independent of sleep duration, sedentary time, age, fat mass index (FMI), and pubertal status. Sedentary time was positively associated with adiponectin in boys and girls (both P < .001), and sleep duration with adiponectin in boys independent of age, FMI, and pubertal status (P < .001); however, these associations disappeared after mutual adjustments for movement behavior. Sleep duration variability was positively associated with CRP in girls independent of all covariates (P < .01).Conclusion:MVPA remained negatively associated with inflammatory markers and adiponectin, and sleep duration variability positively associated with CRP after adjustment for FMI, pubertal status, and other movement behavior. The inverse association between MVPA and adiponectin conflicts with the anti-inflammatory properties of adiponectin.

scholarly journals Habitual physical activity is not associated with lower cardiovascular risk profile or higher aerobic fitness

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Denis Fabrício Valério ◽  
Arthur Fernandes Gáspari ◽  
Giovana Vergínea de Souza ◽  
Cleiton Augusto Libardi ◽  
Claudia Regina Cavaglieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Profile ◽  
Vo2 Max

Introduction: Physical inactivity is considered as one of the factors to increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and decrease aerobic fitness mainly in middle-age. Increased habitual physical activity (HPA) is one of the strategies recommended to reduce physical inactivity. However, it is not known whether middle-age individuals who exclusively perform greater amount of HPA have greater aerobic fitness and / or a lower risk of CVDs. Objective: Verify the association between HPA with the risk of CVDs and aerobic fitness in individuals who only perform HPA. Method: We selected 89 male volunteers, age: 47.4 ± 5.06 years, who did not practice systemized physical training. Our measurements were: HPA by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Baecke questionnaires, the aerobic fitness by direct assessment of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 máx) and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease by the score calculation of General Cardiovascular Risk Profile from Framingham Study. Results: There was no correlation of the HPA level with cardiovascular risk factors, general cardiovascular disease risk and VO2 máx. Moreover, no difference was found between the categorical groups of the IPAQ questionnaire and between the groups, “clusters”, calculated from the Baecke questionnaire scores for the variables of cardiovascular risk, general cardiovascular disease risk and VO2 máx. Conclusion: This study have found that the HPA level of middle-aged men is not associated with lower cardiovascular risk profile or higher aerobic fitness, suggesting that only increase HPA may not be enough to promote beneficial adaptations in aerobic fitness and improve risk profile for CVDs. These results may be related to low volume and intensity of HPA, which reinforces the importance of performing physical training with control of these variables for health promotion.

scholarly journals OBESITY STATUS, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND AEROBIC FITNESS IN CHILDREN97

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
M. T. Mahar ◽  
C. R. Parker ◽  
D. A. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Obesity Status
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