scholarly journals Perceived safety and trust in SAE Level 2 partially automated cars: Results from an online questionnaire

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260953
Author(s):  
Sina Nordhoff ◽  
Jork Stapel ◽  
Xiaolin He ◽  
Alexandre Gentner ◽  
Riender Happee
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Driving Mode ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Partial Automation

The present online study surveyed drivers of SAE Level 2 partially automated cars on automation use and attitudes towards automation. Respondents reported high levels of trust in their partially automated cars to maintain speed and distance to the car ahead (M = 4.41), and to feel safe most of the time (M = 4.22) on a scale from 1 to 5. Respondents indicated to always know when the car is in partially automated driving mode (M = 4.42), and to monitor the performance of their car most of the time (M = 4.34). A low rating was obtained for engaging in other activities while driving the partially automated car (M = 2.27). Partial automation did, however, increase reported engagement in secondary tasks that are already performed during manual driving (i.e., the proportion of respondents reporting to observe the landscape, use the phone for texting, navigation, music selection and calls, and eat during partially automated driving was higher in comparison to manual driving). Unsafe behaviour was rare with 1% of respondents indicating to rarely monitor the road, and another 1% to sleep during partially automated driving. Structural equation modeling revealed a strong, positive relationship between perceived safety and trust (β = 0.69, p = 0.001). Performance expectancy had the strongest effects on automation use, followed by driver engagement, trust, and non-driving related task engagement. Perceived safety interacted with automation use through trust. We recommend future research to evaluate the development of perceived safety and trust in time, and revisit the influence of driver engagement and non-driving related task engagement, which emerged as new constructs related to trust in partial automation.

scholarly journals Women Runners in China: Constraints Negotiation Process of Serious Leisure

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Wenting Zhou ◽  
Yajun Qiu ◽  
Haibo Tian ◽  
Jiao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Serious Leisure ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Constraint Negotiation

The constraint negotiation process is a prominent part of serious leisure, and leisure-oriented women runners in China may behave differently in this process. An adjusted model was proposed to examine the constraint negotiation process of serious leisure for women runners. An online questionnaire was conducted that contained 239 valid samples measuring the participation, intrinsic motivation, constraints and negotiation of women runners. The structure of variables was confirmed based on the good results of reliability and validity test. Then the structural equation modeling results showed that constraints had a negative impact and negotiation had a positive impact on participation. Negotiation acts on constraints to reduce their negative perception. Furthermore, intrinsic motivation has a significant positive effect on negotiation. There are high intrinsic motivation and fewer constraints reporting for women runners under high negotiation in serious leisure. The results provide additional explanation for the serious leisure participation of women runners. Future research should integrate women’s life experiences to better understand the behavior revealed in this study.

Analysis of Antecedents Variables of Financial Behavior Intention: An Empirical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Stephanie Rahma ◽  
Novi Chandra ◽  
Sabrina Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hypotheses Testing ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Behavior Intention ◽  
Validity Tests

This research aims to examine relationship between antecedents’ variables of financial behavior intention. This research involves 350 respondents which were collected through online questionnaire. Data was examined by reliability and validity tests before hypotheses testing. Hypotheses testing were applied by using structural equation modeling. All research hypotheses were supported except the hypothesis that stated the relationship between perceived control and financial behavior intention. This research provides discussion, conclusion, limitations and recommendation for future research.

scholarly journals Learning during COVID-19: the role of self-regulated learning, motivation, and procrastination for perceived competence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Rosa Pelikan ◽  
Marko Lüftenegger ◽  
Julia Holzer ◽  
Selma Korlat ◽  
Christiane Spiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Independent Learning ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Students ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Need For Support

AbstractIn March 2020 schools in Austria temporarily closed and switched to distance learning to contain the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19). The resulting situation posed great challenges to teachers, guardians and students (Huber and Helm 2020). Research has shown that perceived competence (Deci and Ryan 2000) affects selfregulated learning (SRL), intrinsic motivation and procrastination, however few studies have considered these variables in context of distance learning among adolescents. This study investigated differences in students who perceived themselves as high vs. low in competence with respect to these constructs. In an online questionnaire, 2652 Austrian secondary school students answered closed questions regarding SRL, intrinsic motivation and procrastination as well as open-ended questions about challenges, successes and need for support in distance. Structural equation modeling was applied for the quantitative analysis which was complemented by thematic analysis for the qualitative questions (Braun and Clarke 2006). Results showed that students who experienced themselves as highly competent use SRL strategies (goal setting and planning, time management, metacognitive strategies) more often and are more intrinsically motivated than students with lower perceived competence. They also procrastinate less. Furthermore, qualitative analysis revealed that although all students face similar challenges (e.g., independent learning, time and task management, learning on the computer, lack of contact with teachers and peers), students who perceived themselves as highly competent seemed to cope better, and have less need for support. Implications for distance learning and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Expatriates’ intention to send surgical masks to their native countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2061-2078
Author(s):  
Rushikesh Ulhas Khire ◽  
Adam Edward Bell ◽  
Schreiber Wiebke ◽  
Chun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Theory Of Reasoned Action ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Surgical Masks

The main purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the factors that determine behavioral intention of expatiates living in Taiwan to send surgical masks to their native country following the Covid-19 outbreak. To achieve this, the study builds a research model by extending Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) with Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior (KAB) and Risk perception conceptions, incorporating Covid-19 related factors such as knowledge, fear, and risk perception and situational factors such as perceived mask scarcity. An online questionnaire was administered with 83 respondents participating. A partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis was used to evaluate the collected data. We found that no significant relationship between both Covid-19 risk perception, and fear and expatiates’ attitudes to send surgical masks back home. Results further reveal that Covid-19 knowledge is the only factor that significantly influence expatriates’ attitudes, which in turn impact their on the intention to send surgical masks to their native countries. Perceived mask scarcity found to positively moderate relationship between attitude and intention. This study contributes to the growing body of literature and research focused on the Covid-19 pandemic, and offers some implications for future research on the correlations between knowledge and scarcity in the context of the theory of reasoned action. Although the current study examines a contemporary critical issue, it presents a key example of personal protective equipment (PPE).

Cross-Lagged Relationships Between Self-Esteem, Self-Construal, and Happiness in a Three-Wave Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Daniela Moza ◽  
Laurențiu Maricuțoiu ◽  
Alin Gavreliuc
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Independent Person

Abstract. Previous research established that an independent construal of the self is associated with higher self-esteem, which, in turn, is associated with increased happiness. Regarding the directionality of these relationships, theoretical arguments have suggested that self-construal precedes self-esteem and that self-esteem precedes happiness. However, most research in this area is cross-sectional, thus limiting any conclusions about directionality. The present study tested these relationships in 101 Romanian undergraduates using a 3-wave cross-lagged design with a 6-month time lag between every two waves. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that self-esteem is an antecedent of both happiness and dimensions of independent self-construal (i.e., consistency vs. variability and self-expression vs. harmony). In other words, one’s positive evaluation of self-worth precedes one’s self-perception as being a happy and independent person. The findings are discussed with respect to the theoretical and practical implications, along with limitations and suggestions for future research.

Celebrity Worship Among University Students in Malaysia

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viren Swami ◽  
Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic ◽  
Khairul Mastor ◽  
Fatin Hazwani Siran ◽  
Mohammad Mohsein Mohammad Said ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Movie Stars ◽  
Three Factor

The present study examined conceptual issues surrounding celebrity worship in a Malay-speaking population. In total, 512 Malay and 269 Chinese participants from Malaysia indicated who their favorite celebrity was and completed the Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS) as well as a range of demographic items. Results showed that the majority of Malay and Chinese participants selected pop stars and movie stars as their favourite celebrities, mirroring findings in Western settings. In addition, exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor solution of the CAS that was consistent with previous studies conducted in the West. Structural equation modeling further revealed that participant’s age was negatively associated with celebrity worship and that self-rated attractiveness was positively associated with celebrity worship. Overall, the present results suggest that celebrity worship in Malaysia may be driven by market and media forces, and future research may well be guided by use of the CAS.

A Short Review on Structural Equation Modeling: Applications and Future Research Directions

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surajit Bag
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Statistical Efficiency ◽  
Future Research Directions

The application of multivariate techniques is mainly to expand the researchers explanatory ability and statistical efficiency. The first generation analytical techniques share a common limitation i.e. each technique can examine only a single relationship at a time. Structural Equation Modeling, an extension of several multivariate techniques is the technique popularly used today can examine a series of dependence relationships simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to provide a short review on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) being used in social sciences research. A comprehensive literature review of article appearing in top journals is conducted in order to identify how often SEM theory is used. Also the key SEM steps have been provided offering potential researchers with a theoretical supported systematic approach that simplify the multiple options with performing SEM.

scholarly journals Personality and Behavioral Predictors of Cyclist Involvement in Crash-Related Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 4881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yubing Zheng ◽  
Yang Ma ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
Jianchuan Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
Crash Rates ◽  
Model Combining

In recent years, the increasing rate of road crashes involving cyclists with a disproportionate overrepresentation in injury statistics has become a major concern in road safety and public health. However, much remains unknown about factors contributing to cyclists’ high crash rates, especially those related to personal characteristics. This study aims to explore the influence of cyclist personality traits and cycling behaviors on their road safety outcomes using a mediated model combining these constructs. A total of 628 cyclists completed an online questionnaire consisting of questions related to cycling anger, impulsiveness, normlessness, sensation seeking, risky cycling behaviors, and involvement in crash-related conditions in the past year. After the psychometric properties of the employed scales were examined, the relationships among the tested constructs were investigated using structural equation modeling. The results showed that cyclists’ crash risks were directly predicted by risky cycling behaviors and cycling anger, and the effects of cycling anger, impulsiveness, as well as normlessness on crash risks, were mediated by cycling behaviors. The current findings provide insight into the importance of personality traits in impacting cycling safety and could facilitate the development of evidence-based prevention and promotion strategies targeting cyclists in China.

scholarly journals Cyberstalking Victimization Model Using Criminological Theory: A Systematic Literature Review, Taxonomies, Applications, Tools, and Validations

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 1670
Author(s):  
Waheeb Abu-Ulbeh ◽  
Maryam Altalhi ◽  
Laith Abualigah ◽  
Abdulwahab Ali Almazroi ◽  
Putra Sumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Proposed Model

Cyberstalking is a growing anti-social problem being transformed on a large scale and in various forms. Cyberstalking detection has become increasingly popular in recent years and has technically been investigated by many researchers. However, cyberstalking victimization, an essential part of cyberstalking, has empirically received less attention from the paper community. This paper attempts to address this gap and develop a model to understand and estimate the prevalence of cyberstalking victimization. The model of this paper is produced using routine activities and lifestyle exposure theories and includes eight hypotheses. The data of this paper is collected from the 757 respondents in Jordanian universities. This review paper utilizes a quantitative approach and uses structural equation modeling for data analysis. The results revealed a modest prevalence range is more dependent on the cyberstalking type. The results also indicated that proximity to motivated offenders, suitable targets, and digital guardians significantly influences cyberstalking victimization. The outcome from moderation hypothesis testing demonstrated that age and residence have a significant effect on cyberstalking victimization. The proposed model is an essential element for assessing cyberstalking victimization among societies, which provides a valuable understanding of the prevalence of cyberstalking victimization. This can assist the researchers and practitioners for future research in the context of cyberstalking victimization.

Military Background and Gender Identity in Psychological Assessment Among College Students: Factorial Invariance of the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms–62 (CCAPS-62)

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112199876
Author(s):  
Arpita Ghosh ◽  
Christopher R. Niileksela ◽  
Rebecca Janis
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
College Counseling ◽  
Counseling Center ◽  
Factorial Invariance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Military Background ◽  
And Gender

The purpose of this study was to examine the factorial invariance of the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms–62 (CCAPS-62) across military background and gender identity. A sample of 2,208 military students and 2,208 nonmilitary students were chosen from a large database of university and college counseling centers. Using exploratory structural equation modeling, findings suggested the CCAPS-62 is mostly invariant across military background and gender identity. Only three item thresholds appeared to be noninvariant across groups. These results suggest comparisons of scores across military background and gender can be made. Latent mean differences across groups were also examined. After controlling for several background variables, there were some differences between males and females on subscales measuring depression, eating concerns, and generalized anxiety, but no differences between military and nonmilitary students. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

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