scholarly journals Weight loss practices and eating behaviours among female physique athletes: Acquiring the optimal body composition for competition

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262514
Author(s):  
Nura Alwan ◽  
Samantha L. Moss ◽  
Ian G. Davies ◽  
Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale ◽  
Kevin Enright
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional

Little is known about weight loss practices and eating behaviours in female physique athletes. This study investigated the weight loss history, practices, and key influences during the pre-competition period in a large cohort of female physique athletes stratified by division and experience level. Eating attitudes and behaviours were assessed to identify whether athletes were at risk of developing an eating disorder. Using a cross-sectional research design, female physique athletes (n = 158) were recruited and completed an anonymous online self-reported survey consisting of two validated questionnaires: Rapid Weight Loss Questionnaire and Eating Attitudes Test-26. Irrespective of division or experience, female physique athletes used a combination of weight loss practices during the pre-competition phase. Gradual dieting (94%), food restriction (64%) and excessive exercise (84%), followed by body water manipulation via water loading (73%) were the most commonly used methods. Overall, 37% of female physique athletes were considered at risk of developing an eating disorder. Additionally, 42% of female physique athletes used two pathogenic weight control methods with 34% of Figure novice athletes indicating binge eating once a week or more. The coach (89%) and another athlete (73%) were identified as key influences on athletes’ dieting practices and weight loss. The prevalence of athletes identified with disordered eating symptoms and engaging in pathogenic weight control methods is concerning. In future, female physique athletes should seek advice from registered nutritionists to optimise weight management practices and minimise the risk of developing an eating disorder.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Rapid Weight Loss Practices and Their Profiles Among Non-Elite Combat Athletes in Kuching, East Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Whye Lian Cheah ◽  
Myat Su Bo ◽  
Winnie Anak Kana ◽  
Nur Irdina Binti Mohd Tourisz ◽  
Mohamad Arif Hadzimi Bin Ishak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Combat Sport ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
And Training

AbstractIntroduction. Rapid Weight Loss (RWL) is a common practice in combat sports where weight is classified to ensure equitable competition in terms of strength and agility. This study aimed to investigate the profiles of non-elite combat athletes and their RWL practices.Material and methods. This research was a cross-sectional study conducted in Kuching, Sarawak. Data were collected using a validated self-administered dual-language questionnaire.Results. A total of 65 respondents participated in the study; two-thirds were male, and the majority were taekwondo athletes. About 66% of the respondents reported to have practised rapid weight loss, with average weight loss of 3.4 kg (SD = 1.90) and highest weight loss of 4.9 kg (SD = 3.16). The most common RWL methods used were exercising more (69.8%), gradual dieting (51.1%), and training in heated rooms (20.8%). Physical trainers and training colleagues were rated as persons having the most influence on the use of RWL by the respondents. The perceived adverse effects which were mentioned the most frequently by the respondents were fatigue (69.2%), decreased vigour (50.8%), and muscle cramps (46.2%). As for the type of combat sport practised, muay thai and jiu jitsu had the highest number of respondents who used RWL. There were significant differences in RWL practices depending on the influences of training colleagues, physicians/doctors, physical trainers, parents, dieticians, and former athletes as well as perceived adverse effects of RWL.Conclusions. The findings of the current study were observed to be similar to those of research involving elite combat sport athletes where the prevalence of RWL was reasonably high, with similar characteristics. A proper regulatory programme should be put in place to assist both the athletes and their coaches/trainers in implementing proper weight control.

scholarly journals Disordered Eating Behaviours and Eating Disorders in Women in Australia with and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Pirotta ◽  
Mary Barillaro ◽  
Leah Brennan ◽  
Angela Grassi ◽  
Yvonne Jeanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional

Psychological co-morbidities common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may contribute to disordered eating and subsequent weight gain. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of disordered eating and a range of eating disorders and demographic risk factors associated with these behaviours within an Australian group of women with and without PCOS. Data from 899 women with (n = 501) and without (n = 398) PCOS were analysed as possibly indicative of disordered eating or eating disorders using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria. Disordered eating (p = 0.012) but not eating disorders (p = 0.076) were more prevalent in women with PCOS compared to controls. Increased body mass index (BMI) [Odds Ratio (OR): 1.03; 95%; Confidence Interval (CI): 1.01, 1.05, p = 0.012] and older age [OR: 1.05; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.08, p = 0.002] but not PCOS diagnosis [OR: 1.43; 95%CI: 0.96, 2.13 p = 0.078] increased the odds of disordered eating. Increased BMI [OR: 1.04; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.06, p < 0.001] and younger age [OR: -0.95; 95%CI: 0.93–0.95, p < 0.001] but not PCOS diagnosis [OR: 1.38; 95%CI: 0.97, 1.95, p = 0.076] increased the odds of an eating disorder. Clinicians are recommended to screen all women with PCOS for possible disordered eating behaviours, with particular attention to women with elevated BMI.

Weight Management and Weight Loss Strategies of Professional Jockeys

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan M. Moore ◽  
Anna F. Timperio ◽  
David A. Crawford ◽  
Cate M. Burns ◽  
David Cameron-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Additional Weight ◽  
The Impact

Jockeys are required to maintain very low body weight and precise weight control during competition. This study examined the weight loss and weight management strategies of professional horseracing jockeys in the state of Victoria, Australia. An anonymous, self-completed questionnaire was administered (55% response rate, n=116). Almost half (43%) reported that maintaining riding weight was difficult or very difficult, with 75% routinely skipping meals. In preparation for racing, 60% reported that they typically required additional weight loss, with 81% restricting food intake in the 24 hours prior to racing. Additionally, sauna-induced sweating (29%) and diuretics (22%) were frequently employed to further aid in weight loss prior to racing. These rapid weight loss methods did not differ between the 51% of jockeys who followed a weight management plan compared to those who did not. The impact of these extreme weight loss practices on riding performance and health remains unknown.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Eating Disorders among Female Undergraduates at a Nigerian University

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
Adebimpe Oluwafisayo A ◽  
Idehen EE ◽  
Mosaku SK
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Obesity Prevalence

Eating disorder is not an uncommon disorder in developed countries, although this topic has been relatively understudied in developing countries. This study determined the prevalence of eating disorder and types of eating disorders common among female undergraduates in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. Using a descriptive survey design, 1000 female undergraduates aged 18-40years was selected through the stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected on socio-demographic variables such as age and religion, height and weight while, The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) was used to measure eating disorders. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. One hundred and seventy one (171) respondents were classified as highly at risk for eating disorders. The prevalence of eating disorder among the study population was 17.1%. The results revealed that 205 (20.5%) of the respondents were at risk for anorexia nervosa, 170 (17.0%) for bulimia nervosa and 168 (16.8%) for obesity. The study concluded that eating disorder is common among young adults in Nigeria. Key words: Eating disorders, Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa, Obesity, prevalence of eating disorders.

scholarly journals The challenge before the fight: a discussion on rapid weight loss in UFC Athletes (El desafío antes de la pelea: una discusión sobre la pérdida de peso rápida en los atletas de UFC)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 595-604
Author(s):  
Riqueldi Straub Lise ◽  
Mayara Torres Ordonhes ◽  
André Mendes Capraro ◽  
Fernando Renato Cavichiolli
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
Ultimate Fighting Championship ◽  
The Media

  This study analyzed some cases of rapid weight loss procedures in Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) and athletes linked to the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), currently the largest promoter of the sport. Therefore, printed sources were used, such as specialized magazines or not; documentaries, television programs, interviews, articles on websites; documentary sources, regulations and protocols. It was noted that the rapid weight loss represents overconformity deviances, which are part of a code of conduct valued by athletes, but sometimes become problematic. The cases listed here obtained relative repercussions in the media and resulted in acute damage to the athletes, financial and marketing damage to the event promoter. There was also a certain malpractice among athletes and teams, event organizers, and the North-American Athletic Commissions to try to prevent extreme procedures for rapid weight loss from occurring more often by putting athletes at risk, causing damage to the event itself. Resumen: El presente estudio analizó algunos casos de procedimientos de pérdida de peso rápida en atletas de Artes Marciales Mixtas (MMA) vinculados al Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), actualmente el principal impulsor de este deporte. Por tanto, se utilizaron fuentes impresas, como revistas especializadas o no; documentales, programas de televisión, entrevistas, artículos en sitios web; fuentes documentales, normativas y protocolos. Se observó que la pérdida rápida de peso se configura como una desviación supraconformativa que forma parte de un código de conducta valorado por los deportistas, pero que en ocasiones se vuelve problemático. Los casos aquí enumerados obtuvieron relativa repercusión mediática y resultaron en daños agudos y crónicos a la integridad física de los atletas, pérdidas económicas y de mercado para el promotor de los eventos. Se observó que existía un cierto descuido entre los atletas y equipos, organizadores de eventos y comisiones atléticas norteamericanas para tratar de evitar que los procedimientos extremos para la pérdida rápida de peso ocurran con mayor frecuencia, poniendo en riesgo a los atletas y causando daños al evento en sí.

Eating disorders and their correlates in high school adolescents of Northern Italy

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Linda Toselli ◽  
Simona Villani ◽  
Antonio Maria Ferro ◽  
Anna Verri ◽  
Laura Cucurullo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Unhealthy Eating

SUMMARYObjective – The study investigated eating disordered behaviours and life-habits correlated in a large sample of Northern Italian adolescents of both sexes. Methods – The study had a cross-sectional design. 2595 students (2,146 responders; mean age 17.2±1.7 years) attending high schools in Savona (Italy) in April and May 2001 were sampled. To assess eating attitudes, the Inventory for the Screening of Eating Disorders (ISED) was self-administered. Inquiries regarding possible risk factors for eating disorders were also made: socio-economic status, body weight, smoking and alcohol drinking habits, illegal drugs use. Results – Females scored significantly higher than males at ISED (13.4±7.7 vs. 7.6±5.8). 28.5% of females had a total ISED score above the cut-off point (18/19). Unhealthy eating behaviours were strongly associated with higher BMI, body image disturbance and illegal drugs use in both sexes; age had significant role only in males. No significant association between disordered eating behaviours and socio-economic status, smoking habit and alcohol consumption were found. Conclusions – Symptoms of eating disorders are quite spread in the Northern Italian female adolescents and associate with illegal drugs use. These data, with not negligible frequency of unhealthy eating behaviours and attitudes in males too, suggest that primary and secondary preventive interventions for teen-agers should be got ready.Declaration of Interest: 1) the study received the financial support by Regione Liguria and ASL 2 of Savona; 2) the study didn't receive any forms of financing by pharmaceutical company support and any honoraria for consultancies or interventions was received by each author in the last two years; 3) any other involvements that might be considered a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. The authors state that if and when the manuscript accepted for publication, they automatically agree to transfer the copyright to the publisher

scholarly journals Disordered Eating Attitudes, Anxiety, Self-Esteem and Perfectionism in Young Athletes and Non-Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6754
Author(s):  
Cristina Petisco-Rodríguez ◽  
Laura C. Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
Rubén Fernández-García ◽  
Javier Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
José Manuel García-Montes
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Psychological Variables

Eating disorders are associated with short and long-term consequences that can affect sports performance. The purposes of this study were to investigate whether female athletes, particularly gymnasts and footballers, exhibit more eating problems compared to female non-athletes, and to identify individual personality characteristics including anxiety, self-esteem, and perfectionism as possible contributors to eating disorder risk. In a sample of 120 participants, 80 adolescent female athletes were compared to a control condition of 40 non-athletes (mean age 17.2 ± 2.82). Participants responded to a questionnaire package to investigate the presence of disordered eating (SCOFF) and psychological variables in relation to disordered eating symptoms or eating disorder status. Subsequently, anthropometric measures were obtained individually by trained staff. There were statistically significant differences between conditions. One of the most important results was the score in SCOFF (Mann–Whitney = 604, p < 0.05; Cohen’s d = 0.52, r = 0.25), being higher in control than in the gymnast condition. These results suggest that non-athlete female adolescents show more disturbed eating behaviours and thoughts than female adolescents from aesthetic sport modalities and, therefore, may have an enhanced risk of developing clinical eating disorders.

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