scholarly journals The Impact of Ruminative Processing on the Development of Intrusive Memories

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alishia D. Williams ◽  
Michelle L. Moulds
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Processing Condition ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Intrusive Memories ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDespite substantial evidence of the detrimental effects of ruminative self-focus, paradoxically (as noted and reviewed by Watkins, 2004) there are clear suggestions that under some circumstances self-focused attention can actually promote well-being and confer benefits. We sought to replicate the findings of Watkins (2004) that adopting an abstract/analytical mode of processing following a negative event results in increased spontaneous intrusions of the event; that is, results in poor emotional processing. In the current study 57 low (BDI-II ≤ 7) and 59 high (BDI-II ≥ 12) dysphoric undergraduate participants viewed a four minute emotion-eliciting video, were randomly assigned to an analytical, experiential, or distraction processing condition, then monitored the frequency of video-related intrusions. Results indicated the effectiveness of the video in inducing moderately distressing intrusions, and suggest that the hypothesised effects of ruminative self-focus on intrusion severity may be dependent upon the self-referential nature of the material to be processed. Results did support previous findings (Williams & Moulds, 2007) that intrusion-related distress is not merely a function of intrusion frequency. Directions for future investigations of the cognitive processes that are important in the maintenance of depressive disorders are discussed.

Evaluation of Physical and Psychosocial Well-Being of Personnel: Employees’ Self-Feeling and Presenteeism at Work

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
M. Frelih ◽  
A. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Metallurgical Enterprise ◽  
Digital Service ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the study of factors that have a negative impact on the well-being of employees in the workplace. Special attention is paid to the problem of presenteeism on the example of a large metallurgical enterprise. A review of foreign and domestic publications allows concluding that until now specialists do not have reliable and valid tools for studying the presenteeism phenomenon in organizations. The purpose of the research presented in the paper is to examine influence of the factors of the intra-organizational environment on the personnel well-being and assess the level of presenteeism at the enterprise. Empirical data were obtained by conducting a sociological survey of various categories of workers, as well as assessing the impact of presenteeism on the economic indicators of the studied enterprise. For the subsequent in-depth study of health problems in the workplace, the authors have developed a research tool based on the use of a digital service, which allows monitoring the self-feeling of employees by the self-assessment method, which determines the level of physical and psychosocial well-being of staff.

Self-Determination

2009 ◽  
pp. 356-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Wehmeyer ◽  
Todd D. Little ◽  
Julie Sergeant
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Psychological Construct ◽  
Human Behaviors ◽  
Human Functioning ◽  
Theoretical View ◽  
The Impact

Self-determination is a general psychological construct within the organizing structure of theories of human agency which refers to self- (vs. other-) caused action—to people acting volitionally, based on their own will. Human agency refers to the sense of personal empowerment involving both knowing and having what it takes to achieve goals. Human agentic theories share the meta-theoretical view that organismic aspirations drive human behaviors. An organismic perspective of self-determination that views people as active contributors to, or “authors” of their behavior, where behavior is self-regulated and goal-directed, provides a compelling foundation for examining and facilitating the degree to which people become self-determined and the impact of that on the pursuit of optimal human functioning and well-being. Further, an organismic approach to self-determination requires an explicit focus on the interface between the self and context. This chapter discusses the self-determination construct within an organismic perspective, surveys the construct's history and usage in philosophy and psychology, and summarizes four overarching theories of self-determination that are applicable to the field of positive psychology, as well as examining a number of complementary views of human agency as a process of self-determination. Finally, research implications based upon existing knowledge and research in self-determination and positive psychology are identified.

scholarly journals ‘I was exhausted trying to figure it out’: The experiences of females receiving an autism diagnosis in middle to late adulthood

Autism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Leedham ◽  
Andrew R Thompson ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Megan Freeth
Keyword(s):  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Self ◽  
Autism Spectrum Condition ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Late Adulthood ◽  
Spectrum Condition ◽  
Fitting In ◽  
The Impact

Females often receive autism spectrum condition diagnoses later than males, leaving needs misunderstood. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of female adults diagnosed with an autism spectrum condition in middle to late adulthood. Eleven autistic females diagnosed over the age of 40 years completed semi-structured interviews, analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Four superordinate themes emerged: A hidden condition (pretending to be normal and fitting in; mental health and mislabelling), The process of acceptance (initial reactions and search for understanding; re-living life through a new lens), The impact of others post-diagnosis (initial reactions; stereotyped assumptions), and A new identity on the autism spectrum (negotiating relationships, connections and community; changing well-being and views of the self; the meaning of diagnosis). Findings highlight several factors not previously identified that affect late diagnosis in females, including widespread limited understandings of others. Diagnosis was experienced by several participants as facilitating transition from being self-critical to self-compassionate, coupled with an increased sense of agency. Participants experienced a change in identity that enabled greater acceptance and understanding of the self. However, this was painful to adjust to at such a late stage.

scholarly journals ‘SELF-IE’ MODULE: A COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY INTERVENTION TO SUPPORT SELF-CHANGE AND WORK-PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF LOW-PERFORMING CIVIL SERVANTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Abu Yazid Abu Bakar ◽  
Hazaila Hassan ◽  
Salleh Amat
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Behavioral Adjustment ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
The Self ◽  
Employee Assistance Program ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Purpose of the study: This study aims to examine the impact of a psychoeducational module known as the ‘SELF-IE’ module in helping low-performing civil servants. It is measured through the self-change variables of emotional stability, psycho-spirituality, and behavioral adjustment among respondents, who attended 2017 Self-Change and Well-Being Programme that used the ‘SELF-IE’ module as the intervention. Methodology: This is a quasi-experimental study, in which the impact of the ‘SELF-IE’ module was determined by measuring the mean differences of the variables for both experimental and control groups. Data were collected from a total of 68 respondents using the Personal Well-Being Questionnaire (PWQ) consisting of 60 items divided into five different sections. Main Findings: There is a significant mean difference in all three measured variables (emotional stability, psycho-spirituality, and behavioral adjustment) between both experimental and control groups, which means that the intervention using the ‘SELF-IE’ module has a positive impact in self-change of the respondents in those variables. Applications of this study: The result of this study can provide useful information to help improve any self-development program for employees’ particularly in public organizational settings. The information should be beneficial for organizational counselors or industrial psychologists, and human resources or training managers. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study specifically enhances the human assessment performance in the Public Service Department (PSD), whereby the development of the ‘SELF-IE’ module has improved the current module used in public organizations’ employee assistance program (EAP).

scholarly journals The Impact of Remote Working During the COVID-19 Epidemic on Employee Well-being

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Nowacki ◽  
Sandra Grabowska ◽  
Teresa Lis
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being

Abstract The aim of the research was to answer the question whether the remote work imposed on workers during the COVID-19 epidemic has an impact on their well-being, and if so, how. The research material consisted of the results of a survey conducted among the employees referred to remote work in connection with the announced state of the epidemic in Poland. The research was conducted in the period from July 31 to August 19, 2020. The research was conducted using a questionnaire method, the study was attended by 199 respondents. A survey questionnaire was used in the study and the results obtained were statistically processed. The research carried out allowed us to obtain the results of the self-assessment of employees referred to work in the homme-office in terms of their mental well-being and physical well-being.

scholarly journals Pentingnya Penerimaan Diri Bagi Remaja Panti Asuhan Islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Kuncoro Lestari Anugrahwati ◽  
Anak Agung Ketut Sri Wiraswati
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Self ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
The Impact

The adolescents in orphanage have different way of feeling loved by their parents’ figure. This divergent with adolescents in general might raise various problems for developing their identities. They get the stigmas from society as “orphan”, and it becomes hindrance in their development. Thus, to boost their own development, self-acceptance is one factor to be concerned. The purpose of this training is to help adolescents to achieve self-acceptance. This research is conducted with experimental method based on Bastaman’s factor of self-acceptance. Participants were given training related to self-insight, meaning of life, changing attitude, self-commitment, directed activities, and social support to increase the self-acceptance of adolescents in orphanage X. Conducted evaluations showed the significancy of 0,014 on t-test between pretest and post-test. This shows the impact of the training on adolescents in the orphanage to develop their self-acceptance for their well- being

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Depressive Disorders in Pregnant Women—A Systematic Review

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Kołomańska ◽  
Marcin Zarawski ◽  
Agnieszka Mazur-Bialy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
English Language ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
The Impact

Background and Objectives: Pregnancy is a unique period in the life of every woman. The lifestyle of a pregnant woman has a significant impact on her and her child’s health. Regular physical activity is one of the elements that help maintain normal mental and physical well-being. In pregnant women who regularly have moderate physical activity, there is a lower risk of developing obesity and overweight. Physical exercises have an impact on maintaining proper muscular tonus, reduce pain and prepare for the exertion during labour. Based on the available literature, the aim of this study was to present the impact of physical activity on depressive disorders in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A review of the literature was carried out in the Medline PubMed database. The basic search terms were: “pregnancy” AND “physical activity AND depression”. The work included only English-language publications published in the years 2000–2018. Results: A total of 408 references were found. On the basis of an analysis of titles, abstracts and the language of publication (other than English), 354 articles were rejected, and 54 articles were fully read, of which five were rejected due to lack of access to the full version. Finally, 17 references were included in the review. Conclusions: Physical activity, at least once a week, significantly reduces the symptoms of depression in pregnant women and may be an important factor in the prevention of depression in this period.

scholarly journals Fear, Stress and Stigma of Covid-19 among Indian Dental Practitioners

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (31) ◽  
pp. 2433-2438
Author(s):  
Ruchika Bagde ◽  
Shilpa Dandekeri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Novel coronavirus pandemic has impacted the lives and well-being of all people around the globe. Dental practitioners are at a high risk of catching infection. This situation has brought risk of death from infection along with unbearable psychological pressure. Therefore, this study was done to assess the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on mental health of dental practitioners. METHODS A survey was conducted amongst 265 dental practitioners using snowball sampling technique, collecting basic demographic data, practice setting and relevant data. Psychological stress was collected through Covid-19 Peri-traumatic Distress Index (CPDI). General self-efficacy scale (GSE) was used to measure the self-efficacy of dental surgeons. Pearson correlation between the distress levels and self-efficacy scores were calculated. RESULTS Nearly 3.7 % respondent’s score was indicative of low distress. 30.18 % of the respondents’ scores suggested moderate distress, and 65.6 % of the respondents’ scores were indicating severe distress. Mean self-efficacy was found out to be 22.06 (standard deviation = 4.71). Those with greater self-efficacy scores reported less distress, showing a moderate negative correlation, with a Pearson coefficient of - 0.1406, which was statistically significant (P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This study interprets the relationship between factors associated with Covid-19 and elevated psychological distress among dentists. There was a negative correlation between distress and self-efficacy of dentists. Stressors such as greater risk of infection for dentists, lockdown, falling economy and liabilities, social media, lead to anxiety, fear, and strong emotions. Dentists should be provided with broader understanding of mental health and the methods for enhancing the self-efficacy of dentists should be implemented. Professional help can be provided by the government to health workers for their mental well-being. Tele dentistry can be practiced in the pandemic to minimize the risk of infection. KEY WORDS Novel coronavirus, Dental Practitioners, Psychological Stress, Stressors, Economy

scholarly journals Inauthenticity at Work: Moral Conflicts in Marketoriented Welfare Organizations

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Thunman
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Customer Orientation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
The Self ◽  
Female Dominance ◽  
Organizational Setting ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Impact

The number of employees who develop work-related problems due to stress and other mental tensions has increased in Europe during the last decades, especially among women. One explanation of the female dominance is that women more often than men work in the service and health care sector. Consequently, they are more involved in human relations at work, involving more “emotion work” or “interaction work”. Emotion researchers have described low well-being and mental disorders related to work stress in terms of inauthenticity, as suppressing one’s true emotions. In this article, a social constructivist and contextual perspective on the self is adopted. Based on case studies at Swedish work settings, the article explores the connection between authenticity and values attached to the self and the impact of the organizational setting for their realization in interaction work. Work-related stress is examined in the light of the implementation of new public management rationales and directives in welfare organizations, with particular focus on customer-orientated management. The main conclusion is that, regardless of gender, stress and mental problems could be seen as effects of feelings of inauthenticity, caused by experiences of being prevented from realizing interpersonal self-values in personal encounters at work. Women more often work in the welfare sector and are consequently more often subjected to these moral dilemmas, enhanced by customer orientation. These premises form the background for the article’s understanding of women’s more frequent development of mental stress symptoms. The article contributes to the understanding of women’s stress-related problems at work as a phenomenon in the intersection point between the individual and the organization and to the revealing of the interpersonal consequences of the increased customer orientation in the welfare area. Furthermore, by examining the contextual and situational dimensions of authenticity at work, the article adds to the knowledge about being authentic in today’s world.

Cognitive Control Processes in Paranoia: The Impact of Threat Induction on Strategic Cognition and Self-Focused Attention

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Flower ◽  
Katherine Newman-Taylor ◽  
Lusia Stopa
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Strategic Cognition ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
The Impact

Background:Current clinical models emphasize certain cognitive processes in the maintenance of distressing paranoia. While a number of these processes have been examined in detail, the role of strategic cognition and self-focused attention remain under-researched.Aims:This study examined the deployment of cognitive strategies and self-focused attention in people with non-clinical paranoia.Method:An experimental design was used to examine the impact of a threat activation task on these processes, in participants with high and low non-clinical paranoia. Twenty-eight people were recruited to each group, and completed measures of anxiety, paranoid cognition, strategic cognition and self-focused attention.Results:The threat activation task was effective in increasing anxiety in people with high and low non-clinical paranoia. The high paranoia group experienced more paranoid cognitions following threat activation. This group also reported greater use of thought suppression, punishment and worry, and less use of social control strategies when under threat. No differences were found between the groups on measures of self-focused attention.Conclusions:This study shows that the threat activation task increased anxiety in people with high non-clinical paranoia, leading to increased paranoid thinking. The use of strategic cognition following threat activation varied dependent on level of non-clinical paranoia. If these differences are replicated in clinical groups, the strategies may be implicated in the maintenance of distressing psychosis, and may therefore be a valuable target for therapeutic intervention.

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