scholarly journals Immune cell pathology in rabbit hemorrhagic disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1332-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Babken Semerjyan ◽  
Mariam Armenak Sargsyan ◽  
Hranush Harutyun Arzumanyan ◽  
Lina Hayrapet Hakobyan ◽  
Liana Onik Abroyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Left Shift ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Viral Inclusions

Aim: The aim of this research was to study the effect of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) on the host immune response by examining the cellular composition/pathology of lymphoid organs and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Materials and Methods: Nine adult rabbits were inoculated with 1 ml of 10% infected liver homogenate, and three rabbits served as controls. The rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD)-induced animals were studied on 3 consecutive days post-infection. Diagnosis of RHD was made through routine hemagglutination tests and the polymerase chain reaction. Blood smears and tissue samples from bone marrow (BM), spleen, lymph nodes, and liver were analyzed for cell composition and cytopathology. Serum levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: RHD showed a decreased absolute cell count of blood as well as lymph nodes, spleen, and BM cell populations with marked left shift. This was seen as a progressive rise in immature and blast cells. Quantitative cellular changes were accompanied by an increase in specific inflammatory cytokines. Immunocytopathological alterations were evidenced by: Vacuolized, hyperactivated tissue macrophages, finding of Dohle bodies in neutrophils, and activated lymphocytes with increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. Cytoplasmic eosinophilic viral inclusions found in tissue (liver, spleen, and BM) macrophages were shown for the 1st time in RHD. Megakaryocytic emperipolesis was a common feature of RHD. Conclusion: These studies suggest that RHDV induces pathology in leukocytes due to hyperactivation with left shift (toward immature stages of the different cell lineages). Macrophages are increased in number and show an expressed cytopathic effect often accompanied by viral eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions. They also developed a secretory activation (increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines). Keywords: cytopathology, emperipolesis, eosinophilic viral inclusions, immune response, macrophages, rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus.

scholarly journals Profile of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN- ? , TNF- ? and KC-like cytokines in pregnant bitches

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1067-1072
Author(s):  
M.A.R. Feliciano ◽  
A.S.L. Silva ◽  
R.M. Crivelaro ◽  
M.E.F. Oliveira ◽  
L.N. Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Pathological Pregnancy ◽  
English Bulldog

The aim of this study was to determine the profile of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α cytokines and KC-like cells (natural killer) in pregnant bitches, unpublished values for the species. A total of 27 females of the Shi Tzu, Pug, English Bulldog and French breeds, weighing 4-20kg and aged 4-6 years were used. Blood samples were collected from bitches during the anestrous and on the 2nd, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th week of pregnancy. Serum levels of cytokines were measured by panel MILLIPLEX MAP (CCYTO-90K, MILLIPORE, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA) validated for dogs. Twenty four females showed physiological pregnancy and three bitches showed pathological pregnancy. There was no difference between cytokine values during anestrous and gestational weeks of bitches (P>0.05). However, it was possible to verify the physiological behavior of serum levels during modulation of immune response in the gestational process of animals. In animals with gestational disorders, abnormal values for IL-2, IL-4 and INF-y were noted. It was concluded that serum levels of cytokines evaluated in pregnant bitches can help the better understanding of physiological and pathological gestational processes and correlated immunology in this species.

scholarly journals Highly functional virus-specific cellular immune response in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Le Bert ◽  
Hannah E Clapham ◽  
Anthony T Tan ◽  
Wan Ni Chia ◽  
Christine YL Tham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Specific Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cellular Immune

AbstractThe efficacy of virus-specific T cells in clearing pathogens involves a fine balance between their antiviral and inflammatory features. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in individuals who clear SARS-CoV-2 infection without symptoms or disease could reveal non-pathological yet protective characteristics. We therefore compared the quantity and function of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in a cohort of asymptomatic individuals (n=85) with that of symptomatic COVID-19 patients (n=76), at different time points after antibody seroconversion. We quantified T cells reactive to structural proteins (M, NP and Spike) using ELISpot assays, and measured the magnitude of cytokine secretion (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10) in whole blood following T cell activation with SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools as a functional readout. Frequencies of T cells specific for the different SARS-CoV-2 proteins in the early phases of recovery were similar between asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. However, we detected an increased IFN-γ and IL-2 production in asymptomatic compared to symptomatic individuals after activation of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in blood. This was associated with a proportional secretion of IL-10 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β) only in asymptomatic infection, while a disproportionate secretion of inflammatory cytokines was triggered by SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell activation in symptomatic individuals. Thus, asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals are not characterized by a weak antiviral immunity; on the contrary, they mount a robust and highly functional virus-specific cellular immune response. Their ability to induce a proportionate production of IL-10 might help to reduce inflammatory events during viral clearance.

scholarly journals Inflammatory cytokines in newborn infants

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sarandakou ◽  
G. Giannaki ◽  
A. Malamitsi-Puchner ◽  
D. Rizos ◽  
E. Hourdaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Tnf Α

Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured in 48 healthy, termed neonates on the 1st (N1), 5th (N5) and 40th (N40) day after birth, compared with those in maternal serum (MS), umbilical cord (UC) and adult controls. Cytokine values in N1 and N5 were significantly elevated, than those in UC and in controls(p<0.0001). IL-1β and IL-6 declined significantly from N1 to N40(p<0.0001), while TNF-α increased significantly from N1 to N5 and declined thereafter. MS∞IL-1β and IL-6, but not MS∞TNF-α, were significantly higher than those of controls(p<0.0001). IL-1β values depended on the mode of delivery. In conclusion, the increased concentrations of IL-1 β, IL-6 and TNF-α during the perinatal period might suggest their involvement in an inflammation like process during normal parturition, and reflect also a newborn immune response to the stress of delivery and environmental changes.

Clinical and laboratory study of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in women with multiple sclerosis

Folia Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya G. Trenova ◽  
Mariya G. Manova ◽  
Ivanka I. Kostadinova ◽  
Mariana A. Murdjeva ◽  
Dimka R. Hristova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Interferon Β ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Remission Phase ◽  
Two Phases

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system characterised with a complex system of interactions between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in its course. Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the serum levels of cytokines TNF-α, IFN- γ, IL- 4 and IL- 10 in female patients with MS and healthy individuals, the changes occurring in the relapse and remission phases of the disease and their correlation with the severity of the neurological deficit. Patients and methods: Thirty-five women with relapsing-remitting MS were examined. The patients’ age ranged between 18 and 50 years and MS was verified clinically and by magnetic resonance imaging according to the McDonald criteria. Thirteen of the patients were treated with interferon-β-1b. The serum concentrations of TNF-α, IFN- γ, IL- 4 and IL- 10 were determined twice - in relapse and in remission - using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EL ISA). The control group consisted of 35 age-matched healthy females. Results: The comparison of cytokine serum concentrations during the two phases of the disease showed significant elevation of the TNF-α serum levels in the relapse phase and of IL- 4 - in the remission phase. The comparison between the patients and the healthy control subjects demonstrated statistically significant lower concentrations of TNF-α in remission patients and higher concentrations of IL- 10 in relapse patients. The patients with interferon-β-1b treatment showed different profile of cytokine secretion from the patients without interferon-β-1b treatment. Interferon-β-1b-treated patients showed significantly lower serum levels of TNF-α and IFN- γ during the relapse phase and higher TNF-α and IL- 10 serum levels during the remission phase compared with the untreated patients. Conclusions: Serum levels of TNF-α and IL- 4 objectively reflect the immune response during relapse and remission of the disease. The severity of neurological deficit as estimated with the expanded disability status scale (EDSS ) does not depend on the serum levels of TNF-α, IL- 10 and IFN- γ in the two phases of MS.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of poliovirus-specific IgA and cytokine levels in the sera of Ascaris lumbricoides-infected and helminth-negative Nigerian children after oral poliovirus vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-178
Author(s):  
K.S. Akinwande ◽  
G.O. Arinola
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Nigerian Children ◽  
Median Serum ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

Background: Intestinal helminth infection is associated with altered immune responses and compromised vaccine efficacy in infected children. Altered immune response due to Ascaris lumbricoides infection may compromise efficacy of oral poliovirus vaccination in children. There is no information on humoral immune response during oral poliovirus (OP) vaccination of A. lumbricoides–infected Nigerian children. The objective of this study is to determine the serum levels of cytokines (tumour necrosis factor–alpha TNF-α,  interferongamma IFN–γ, interleukins -4, -6, -8, -10) and poliovirus-specific IgA (PV-IgA) antibody in children infected with A. lumbricoides compared with helminth-negative children (control) before and after oral poliovirus vaccination. Methodology: Twenty-three A. lumbricoides-infected children between ages 5-15 years (13 males and 10 females) and 23 age (4-15 years) and sex-matched helminth-negative children who met selection criteria were enrolled into the study after ethical approval and informed consent. Their stool samples were examined for helminth ova using concentration technique. Sera were collected before and 3 weeks after OP vaccinations, and serum concentrations of IFN–γ, TNF–α, IL-4, -6, -8, -10, and poliovirus-specific IgA concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The level of statistical significance was set at α0.05. Results: Pre-vaccination serum levels of IFN–γ, IL–4, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher in A. lumbricoides–infected children compared with pre-vaccination levels in helminth-negative children. Postvaccination serum levels of IFN–γ, IL–4 and IL-8 were  significantly higher in A. lumbricoides–infected children compared with post-vaccination serum levels in helminth-negative children. In the A. lumbricoides-infected children, pre-vaccination serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher compared with post vaccination levels while pre-vaccination serum levels of IFN–γ, IL–4 and IL-8 were significantly higher in helminth-negative children compared with the post-vaccination levels. There was no significant reduction in post-vaccination median serum level of PV-IgA  compared with level before vaccination in A. lumbricoides-infected children. Also, there was no significant increase in post-vaccination median serum level of PV-IgA compared with level before vaccination in helminth-negative children. Conclusion: Oral polio vaccine administration caused decrease expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) in A. lumbricoides-infected school children, and A. lumbricoides infection may reduce PV-IgA production following OP vaccination. Keywords: Ascaris lumbricoides infection, cytokines, children, poliovirus vaccination

scholarly journals Systemic Cytokine Profiles in Strongyloides stercoralis Infection and Alterations following Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajamanickam Anuradha ◽  
Saravanan Munisankar ◽  
Yukti Bhootra ◽  
Jeeva Jagannathan ◽  
Chandrakumar Dolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Cytokine Profile ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Circulating Levels

Strongyloides stercoralisis a soil-transmitted helminth organism that infects ∼50 to 100 million people worldwide. Despite its widespread prevalence, very little is known about the immune response that characterizes humanS. stercoralisinfection. To study the systemic cytokine profile characteristic ofStrongyloidesinfection, we measured the circulating levels of a large panel of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in asymptomatic, infected individuals (n= 32) and compared them to those in uninfected, controls (n= 24). Infected individuals exhibited significantly lower circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines (gamma interferon [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], and interleukin-1β [IL-1β]) and significantly higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-27, IL-37, and transforming growth factor β [TGF-β]). Moreover, treatment ofStrongyloidesinfection resulted in a significant reversal of the cytokine profile, with increased levels of proinflammatory (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, IL-23, and IL-1β) and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-27, IL-37, and TGF-β) cytokines following treatment. Thus,S. stercoralisinfection is characterized by alterations in the levels of systemic cytokines, reflecting major alterations in the underlying immune response to this chronic helminth infection.

scholarly journals The Preventive Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum ZS62 on DSS-Induced IBD by Regulating Oxidative Stress and the Immune Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Yanni Pan ◽  
Yujing Ning ◽  
Jing Hu ◽  
Zhiying Wang ◽  
Xiufeng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Ifn Γ

In this study, we used DSS to establish an IBD mouse model to study the preventive effect of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) ZS62 on IBD in the context of oxidative stress and the immune response. We assessed the mitigating effect of this strain on IBD mice by examining the length of and histopathological changes in the colon, determining the serum antioxidant index and the levels of inflammatory cytokines, as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of relevant genes. The study results showed that L. plantarum ZS62 could inhibit colonic atrophy in IBD mice, reduce the degree of colonic damage, downregulate the serum levels of MDA, MPO, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ and the relative mRNA and protein expression of IL-1β, IL-12, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB p65 in mouse colon tissues, and upregulate the serum levels of CAT, T-SOD, and IL-10 and the relative mRNA and protein expression of Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, IL-10, and IκB-α in colon tissues. In summary, L. plantarum ZS62 exhibited a good preventive effect on DSS-induced IBD by regulating oxidative stress and the immune response.

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