STUDY OF MICROBIAL POLLUTION IN THE ACEH COASTAL WATERS AND ITS VICINITY

Study of microbial pollution in the Aceh coastal waters and its vicinity were carried out in the period of August - September 2006. The purpose of the study is to monitor the marine and coastal environments related to the bacterial condition in Aceh waters after the tsunami disaster. The sediment and water samples were collected from 28 stations in four sites in the Aceh waters (Eastern Aceh, Northern Aceh, Western Aceh and Simeulue Islands waters), using the RV. Baruna Jaya VIII. The determination of microbial pollution was based on parameters of coliform and pathogenic bacteria. The coliform bacteria was analysed by membrane filter technique and pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella and Vibrio) by isolation method based on the selective culture media of Salmonella and TCBS agar. The results of the study showed that density of total coliform bacteria varied between 40 and 1055 CFU/100 ml with an average of 443 CFU/100 ml. Based on the pattern of the distribution of coliform bacteria it was found the highest number in Eastern Aceh with the value of 611 CFU/100 ml and the lowest number in Western Aceh with the value of 348 CFU/100 ml. Based on the density of coliform bacteria, Aceh waters was in the lower permissible level of the Indonesian and WHO standards, means that the coastal environment in Aceh waters is still in good condition. Four genera of pathogenic bacteria isolated from seawater samples were Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Aeromonas and Proteus, and 6 genera from sediments samples were found i.e. Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Aeromonas, Yersinia, Proteus and Vibrio. The pathogenic bacteria from the samples such as Salmonella typhy and Vibrioparahaemoliticus had low pathogenic potential. This indicated that the risk of pathogenic bacterial contamination in Aceh and its vicinity waters were relatively low, therefore, the conditions of coastal and marine environments were relatively in good condition.

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MICROBES PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY FOR AQUACULTURE ON PARI ISLAND WATERS

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.29244/jitkt.v5i1.7769 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lies Indah Sutiknowati

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Total Cell ◽

Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Total Density ◽

Shellfish Aquaculture ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

Phosphate Nitrate

The objective of this research was to evaluate waters quality in Pari island waters for aquaculture purpose based on bacteriological information conducted in Mei and September 2011. Microbiological parameters analyzed were total density of bacteria for coliforms, E.coli, pathogenic, heterotrophic, halotoleran, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker, and total cells. Method to analyze coliform bacteria was filtration, identification of pathogenic bacteria using biochemical test, density analises for heterotrophic bacteria, analises for phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker bacteria using pour plate, and total cell using Acridine Orange Epifluorescence Microscopy. Results showed that the abundance of total coliform cell was about 1000-7000 colony forming unit (cfu)/100 ml. The abundance of heterotrophic, halotolerant, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria in seawater was (3.6-4.3)x105 cfu/ml, (1.1-1.3)x105 cfu/ml, (0.5-3.44)x103cfu/ml; and (3.6-6.7)x105 cfu/ml, (1.6-2.7)x105 cfu/ml, (0.6-5.22)x103 cfu/ml in sediment, respectively. The total cell of bacteria was (0.05-2.1)x107cells/ml. The dog-conch (Strombus turturella) and blood-clamps (Anadara granosa) can survive in Pari Island and there was a significant increase in sea grass litter with growth average of 0.67 mm/day and 0.90 mm/day. During snails and clamps growth, there were found several genus of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Proteus, Shigella, Hafnia, and Yersinia. The results showed that Pari island waters was suitable for developing shellfish aquaculture dog conch and blood clamps. Keywords: bacteria, parameter, shellfish, aquaculture.

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Bacterial die-away rates in red sea waters

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0071 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 45-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Z. Sarikaya ◽

A. M. Saatçi

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Decay Rate ◽

Sea Water ◽

Membrane Filter ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Decay Rate Constant ◽

Solar Intensity ◽

Log Normal

Total coliform bacteria have been chosen as the indicator organism. Coliform die-away experiments have been carried out in unpolluted sea water samples collected at about 100 m off the coastline and under controlled environmental conditions. The samples were transformed into one litre clean glass beakers which were kept at constant temperature and were exposed to the solar radiation. The membrane filter technique was used for the coliform analysis. The temperature ranged from 20 to 40° C and the dilution ratios ranged from 1/50 to 1/200. Coliform decay rate in the light has been expressed as the summation of the coliform decay rate in the dark and the decay rate due to solar radiation. The solar radiation required for 90 percent coliform removal has been found to range from 17 cal/cm2 to 40 cal/cm2 within the temperature range of 25 to 30° C. Applying the linear regression analysis two different equations have been given for the high (I>10 cal/cm2.hour) and low solar intensity ranges in order to determine the coliform decay rate constant as a function of the solar intensity. T-90 values in the light have been found to follow log-normal distribution with a median T-90 value of 32 minutes. The corresponding T-90 values in the dark were found to be 70-80 times longer. Coliform decay rate in the dark has been correlated with the temperature.

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Acceptability of Individual Water Supplies as Judged by a Single Test for Total Coliform Bacteria

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-43.7.563 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 43 (7) ◽

pp. 563-563

Author(s):

E. P. MERRILL

Keyword(s):

Membrane Filter ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Filter Method ◽

Single Test ◽

Water Supplies ◽

Probable Number ◽

Dug Wells ◽

Membrane Filter Method

Of 658 individual water supplies tested over an 8-year period, 69% of drilled wells, 62% of driven wells, 27% of dug wells and 32% of springs were judged acceptable on the basis of a single test for total coliforms. The acceptability standard consisted of 0 to 1 coliforms/100 ml of sample by the membrane filter method or a Most Probable Number index of less than 2.2 (presumptive and confirmed tests).

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MICROBES PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY FOR AQUACULTURE ON PARI ISLAND WATERS

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.28930/jitkt.v5i1.7769 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lies Indah Sutiknowati

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Total Cell ◽

Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Total Density ◽

Shellfish Aquaculture ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

Phosphate Nitrate

The objective of this research was to evaluate waters quality in Pari island waters for aquaculture purpose based on bacteriological information conducted in Mei and September 2011. Microbiological parameters analyzed were total density of bacteria for coliforms, E.coli, pathogenic, heterotrophic, halotoleran, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker, and total cells. Method to analyze coliform bacteria was filtration, identification of pathogenic bacteria using biochemical test, density analises for heterotrophic bacteria, analises for phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker bacteria using pour plate, and total cell using Acridine Orange Epifluorescence Microscopy. Results showed that the abundance of total coliform cell was about 1000-7000 colony forming unit (cfu)/100 ml. The abundance of heterotrophic, halotolerant, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria in seawater was (3.6-4.3)x105 cfu/ml, (1.1-1.3)x105 cfu/ml, (0.5-3.44)x103cfu/ml; and (3.6-6.7)x105 cfu/ml, (1.6-2.7)x105 cfu/ml, (0.6-5.22)x103 cfu/ml in sediment, respectively. The total cell of bacteria was (0.05-2.1)x107cells/ml. The dog-conch (Strombus turturella) and blood-clamps (Anadara granosa) can survive in Pari Island and there was a significant increase in sea grass litter with growth average of 0.67 mm/day and 0.90 mm/day. During snails and clamps growth, there were found several genus of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Proteus, Shigella, Hafnia, and Yersinia. The results showed that Pari island waters was suitable for developing shellfish aquaculture dog conch and blood clamps. Keywords: bacteria, parameter, shellfish, aquaculture.

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Comparative assessment of sanitary and epidemic importance of indicator coliform indices of drinking water quality

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-6-582-588 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 95 (6) ◽

pp. 582-588 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yu. A. Rakhmanin ◽

Lyudmila V. Ivanova ◽

T. Z. Artemova ◽

E. K. Gipp ◽

A. V. Zagaynova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Test Volume ◽

Intestinal Infections ◽

Scientific Substantiation ◽

Ferment Lactose ◽

The One ◽

The Cost

The used methodology of the scientific substantiation of indicators is in the establishment of the conformity of laws of vital activity of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms in the real conditions of the action of the complex of factors, including disinfecting agents. In the one water sample simultaneously there were determined both the general indicator (GICB), thermotolerant (TTCB), glucose positive (GPCB) coliform bacteria, E.coli. On the base of long-term research in the various regions of the Russian Federation, as well with bearing in mind the analysis of domestic and foreign data, comparing the water quality and the incidence of intestinal infections in population it is recommended to use the index of determination of the total number glucose positive coliform bacteria (GPCB), which brings together a much broader range of bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family in comparison with total coliform bacteria (TCB) and thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TTCB) and warrants the absence in the test volume of water as an indicator lactose positive (E.coli, TCB, TTCB) and pathogens (salmonella) and potentially pathogenic bacteria which do not ferment lactose. Proposed index of GPCB is shown to allow to assess epidemiological risks not only more accurate, but also more efficiently without increasing the cost performance of bacteriological research.

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Post harvest bacterial load in the gut of Ompok pabda (Hamilton, 1822) from two fish markets of Brahmanbaria

Bangladesh Journal of Zoology ◽

10.3329/bjz.v47i2.44335 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 243-251

Author(s):

Tanjila Akter ◽

Gawsia Wahidunnessa Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Culture Media ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

E Coli ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Cultured Fish ◽

Shigella Spp

This study was conducted to enumerate the post harvest bacterial load in the gut of captured and cultured Ompok pabda by spread plate method using different selective culture media. The bateriological parameters, such as total viable bacterial counts (TVBC), total coliform counts (TCC), total fecal coliform counts (E. coli), pathogenic bacteria Salmonella spp, Shigella spp. and Vibrio cholerae were determined. Highest bacterial load was found in the month of July and lowest in January. The quantitative and qualitative aspects of gut microbes showed that TVBC of captured O. pabda were found 9.2 × 106, 7.0 × 107, 9.5 × 106 cfu/g and that of cultured fish were 1.56 × 107, 7.2 × 107 and 2.24 × 107 cfu/g during pre-monsoon, monsooon and post-monsoon, respectively. The bacteriological quality of fish from both captured and cultured sources did not comply with ICMSF standard. Pathogenic bacteria E. coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Vibrio cholerae were also detected from both captured and cultured O. pabda. The findings of this study indicated that the fish collected from the local fish markets were contaminated with different pathogenic bacteria that reflect the unhygienic conditions of the markets. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 243-251, 2019

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Distribution of bacteria of the Klebsiella strain in water objects and their value in developing of the water caused acute intestinal infections

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-4-397-406 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 397-406

Author(s):

Yu. A. Rakhmanin ◽

L. V. Ivanova ◽

T. Z. Artyomova ◽

E. K. Gipp ◽

Anzhelika V. Zagaynova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Coliform ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Chemical Pollution ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

Climatic Zones ◽

Underground Waters ◽

High Penetration ◽

Intestinal Infections ◽

Effective System

The wide circulation of Klebsiella bacteria in water of water objects of different climatic zones of Russia and various function is established. So bacteria of the Klebsiella strain are in superficial sources of the centralized water supply depending on extent of their biological and chemical pollution; underground waters at the unprotected water-bearing horizons; in drinking water at insufficiently effective system of its cleaning and disinfecting. Klebsiella circulating in water was shown to keep properties of pathogenicity and a virulence, possess resistance both to modern preparations and disinfecting agents (chlorine, an ultraviolet to radiation). Bacteria of the Klebsiella strain have high penetration in the water-bearing horizons. At strains of Klebsiella there is allocated considerable pathogenic potential (adhesive, invasive, phosphatase, lecithinase, DNA-ase, hemolytic activity) and genetic markers of pathogenicity of cnf-1. The etiologic role of bacteria of Klebsiella and an infecting (100, COE/dm3) dose emergence of acute intestinal infections (AII) is established. Detection of Klebsiella in water objects and especially in water of drinking appointment, in the absence of total coliform bacteria (TCB) contributes to the epidemic danger of water use.

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Analysis of Water Quality Based on Coliform Bacteria Parameters in Springs of Sumberbening Village, Malang District

Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity ◽

10.47007/ijobb.v5i1.75 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 17-23

Author(s):

Dyah Kumalasari ◽

Nirmala Fitria Firdhausi ◽

Ita Ainun Jariyah

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Clean Water ◽

A Value ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Sanitation And Hygiene

Clean water and free from pathogenic bacteria is the most important requirement to meet sanitation and hygiene needs and meet drinking needs. Most of the 3 springs in Sumberbening Village, Malang Regency, are mostly used by local communities and animals around protected forests. This research objective was to determine the quality of water based on the number of Coliform bacteria contamination and physical parameters to support the testing of 3 springs in Sumberbening Village, Malang Regency. This research was conducted in Kedung Trubus, Sendang Ngentup, and Sumber Trubus using descriptive exploratory methods. The results showed that all the springs were contaminated with Coliform bacteria with the highest total Coliform value in the Sendang Ngentup spring of 58.3 colonies / 100ml, while the highest fecal Coliform was found in Kedung Trubus spring 10.7 colonies / 100ml. The utilization of water in 3 springs to meet the drinking needs to be processed first. The physical parameters of Odor and Color indicate that all springs are odorless and colorless. The physical parameters of TDS show that only the spring water does not meet the quality standards of drinking water PERMENKES No. 492 of 2010 with a value exceeding 500mg / l. All springs based on the physical parameters of TDS meet the clean water requirements based on the clean water quality standard PERMENKES No. 32 of 2017 with a value <1000mg /l.

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Detection of Coliforms in Drinking Water and its Effect on Human Health - A Review

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.17.122 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 122-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Partha Pal

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Oral Route ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

The Public ◽

E Coli ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Public Health Protection

The coliform group has been used extensively as an indicator of water quality and has historically led to the public health protection concept. Total coliforms are a group of bacteria commonly found in the environment, for example in soil or vegetation, as well as the intestines of mammals, including humans. Total coliform bacteria are not likely to cause illness, but their presence indicates that the water supply may be vulnerable to contamination by more harmful microorganisms. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the only member of the total coliform group of bacteria that is found only in the intestines of mammals, including humans. The presence of E. coli in water indicates recent fecal contamination and may indicate the possible presence of disease-causing pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Although most strains of E. coli bacteria are harmless, certain strains, such as E.coli 0157:H7, may cause illness. About 80 % of communicable diseases in the world are waterborne. According to WHO estimate about 80 % of water pollution in developing country, like India is carried by domestic waste. In India 70 % of the water is seriously polluted and 75 % of illness and 80 % of the child mortality is attributed to water pollution. The improper management of water systems may cause serious problems in availability and quality of water. The major pathogenic bacteria responsible for water borne disease are spread by the faeco-oral route, in which water may play an intermediate role. The aim of this review is to examine methods currently in use for the detection of coliforms in drinking water and also to evaluate the possible health hazards associated with drinking water contaminated with coliforms.

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Analysis of Coliform and Colifecal Total Pollution Test on Various Types of Drinking Water Using the MPN (Most Probable Number) Method

Serambi Journal of Agricultural Technology ◽

10.32672/sjat.v2i2.2416 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Wanda Aulya ◽

Fadhliani Fadhliani ◽

Vivi Mardina

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Fecal Coliform ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Inspection Method ◽

Sample Number ◽

Probable Number ◽

Fecal Coliform Bacteria

Water is the main source for life and also the most severe substance caused by pollution. The mandatory parameters for determining microbiological quality of drinking water are total non-fecal Coliform bacteria and Coliform fecal (Escherichia coli). Coliform bacteria are a group of microorganisms commonly used as indicators, where these bacteria can be a signal to determine whether a water source has been contaminated by bacteria or not, while fecal Coliform bacteria are indicator bacteria polluting pathogenic bacteria originating from human feces and warm-blooded animals (mammals) . The water inspection method in this study uses the MPN (Most Probable Number) method which consists of 3 tests, namely, the presumption test, the affirmation test, and the reinforcement test. The results showed that of 15 drinking water samples 8 samples were tested positive for Coliform bacteria with the highest total bacterial value of sample number 1, 15 (210/100 ml), while 7 other samples were negative. From 8 positive Coliform samples only 1 sample was stated to be negative fecal Coliform bacteria and 7 other samples were positive for Coliform fecal bacteria with the highest total bacterial value of sample number 1 (210/100 ml).

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