scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization and Assessment for Central Nervous System Effects of Novel Phytomolecule from Galphimia glauca Cav. Stems

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1230-1236
Author(s):  
VAISHNAVI VEERA REDDY ◽  
BHARGAVI THALLURI ◽  
BABA SHANKAR RAO GARIGE ◽  
RAM MOHAN MANDA ◽  
VASUDHA BAKSHI
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Nmr Spectrum ◽  
Central Nervous System Depressant ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Cns Effects ◽  
Dose Dependent

The investigation had explored the in vivo central nervous system (CNS) effects of novel isolated phytoconstituent from Galphimia glauca stems. The isolated molecule coded as “BS-2” was subjected to toxicological, central analgesic and central nervous system depressant studies on Swiss albino mice and Wistar rats. The LD-50 of BS-2 was found to be > 2000 mg/kg. The mice treated with BS-2 at 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg doses exhibited significant effect in the hot plate test (P < 0.5) and tail clip test (83 % inhibition). Mice treated with BS-2 prolonged the time of sleep induced by sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg, i.p.). Throughout the hole-board experiment and open field test the BS-2 at 50 mg/kg exhibited a significant (P ≤ 0.001) dose-dependent activity. The BS-2 was characterized by Rf value, melting point, IR spectra, mass spectra and 1H NMR spectrum. The BS-2 showed potential in vivo central pain relieving and central nervous system depressant effects.

Butanol soluble fractions of Cissus cornifolia methanolic leaf extract and behavioural effects in mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Hamza Yaro ◽  
◽  
Musa Aliyu Muhammad ◽  
Abdullahi Balarabe Nazifi ◽  
Mohammed Garba Magaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Central Nervous System Disorders ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Central Nervous System Depressant ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Soluble Fractions

Cissus cornifolia Baker - Planch (Family: Vitaceae) is used for various central nervous system disorders. The present study reported the sedative and central nervous depressant effects of fractions (butanol soluble portion and its flavonoid rich fraction) obtained from methanolic leaf extract of Cissus cornifolia using diazepam induced sleep, head-dip and motor coordination tests in mice at doses between 5 to 600 mg/kg body weight. The flavonoid rich column fraction 3 (CF3) significantly (p <0.05) prolonged the duration of sleep in mice at the dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg. Similarly, the butanol soluble portion significantly (p <0.001) prolonged the duration of diazepam induced sleep at 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg in a dose dependent manner. It also significantly (p <0.05) decreased the onset of sleep at the dose of 150 and 600 mg/kg. A dose dependent and significant (p <0.001) decrease in the mean number of head-dips was produced by the butanol soluble portion at all the doses tested. The butanol soluble portion at all the doses tested significantly (p <0.005) prolonged the time to complete the beam walk, however the extract did not produce a significant increase in number of foot slips. The results demonstrated that the butanol soluble fractions obtained from methanolic leaf extract of Cissus cornifolia posses sedative and central nervous system depressant activity, thus supporting its ethno medicinal use as a sedative in the management of central nervous system disorders.

scholarly journals Central nervous system depressant activity of ethanol leaf extract of Globimetula braunii (Engler) (Loranthaceae) growing on Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-327
Author(s):  
Suleiman Danladi ◽  
Musa Aliyu Muhammad ◽  
Abdullahi Hamza Yaro
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Cns Depressant ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Central Nervous System Depressant ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test

This study was carried out to determine phytochemical constituents, median lethal dose (LD50) and central nervous system depressant activity of ethanol leaf extract of Globimetula braunii using laboratory animal models. The intraperitoneal median lethal dose (LD50) of ethanol leaf extract of Globimetula braunii was determined in mice according to the method described by Lorke, 1983. The CNS depressant activity of Globimetula braunii leaf extract was determined using diazepam induced sleep, hole board test and beam walk assay. The ethanol leaf extract of Globimetula braunii revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids and glycoside. The intraperitoneal median lethal dose of the leaf extract of Globimetula braunii was estimated to be 2852 mg/kg bodyweight in mice. The ethanol leaf extract of Globimetula braunii significantly (p <0.05) prolonged the duration of sleep in mice at the dose of 800 mg/kg. The extract prolonged the time to complete the beam walk, and exhibited significant decrease in number of head dips there by indicating a decrease in the exploratory behaviour of the animal. This study suggests that Globimetula braunii possesed sedative property. Keywords: Beam walk assay, diazepam induced sleep, hole board test, central nervous system, Globimetula braunii

PENENTUAN NILAI PARAMETER LIPOFILITAS SENYAWA 4-KLOROBENZOILTIOUREA DAN UJI POTENSIASI TERHADAP TIOPENTAL PADA MENCIT PUTIH (Mus musculus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dini Kesuma
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Log P ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Central Nervous System Depressant ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Synthesis of the 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea compound was carried out by acylating thiourea with 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride. The 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea compound  will increase the lipophilic and the electronic properties other than the lead compounds of benzoylthiourea in order to, by expectation, raise the central nervous system depressant as well. The lipophilic would affect the ability of the compounds in penetrating biological membranes, which is highly dependent on the solubility of the drug within lipid/water. Log P is the most common method used in determining the parameter value. This experiment was to mix two dissolvents (octanol and water) which are immissible. The both levels of the compounds were carefully observed by a spectrophotometer UV-Vis. From the test, the result of log P value of the 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea compound was 2.32, while the theoretical log P value of the compounds, by using the π Hansch-Fujita method is 1.62 and the f Rekker-Mannhold method is 2.225. Consequently, the result of the test shows that there is a significant difference between the progress experiment and both theoretical log P methods. Moreover, in the test of the central nervous system depressant through the potentiation test to thiopental using mice indicates that the 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea compound have potentiation effects to thiopental compared to the lead compounds of benzoylthiourea.

Neuropharmacological Profile and Chemical Analysis of Moroccan Ormenis mixta L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. S55-S64
Author(s):  
G. Hajjaj ◽  
A. Bahlouli ◽  
M. Tajani ◽  
K. Alaoui ◽  
Y. Cherrah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

Ormenis mixta L. is traditionally used for central nervous system (CNS)-related diseases. Its anti-stress properties have received attention in Moroccan traditional medicine and aromatherapy. However, no pharmacological studies have yet been undertaken on this plant in Morocco. The present study provides a preliminary phytochemical screening and psychopharmacological profile of the essential oil and aqueous extract from Ormenis mixta L. by using behavioral tests in vivo, at graded doses. The result of this research shows that Ormenis mixta L. was safe up to 2 g/kg b.w. (body weight) in the acute toxicity study, possesses potential psychostimulant effect, and has antianxiety and antidepressant-like activity. This activity profile of Ormenis mixta L. was similar to the typical psychostimulant, caffeine. The exact mechanism of action underlying this stimulant-like effect should be clarified with further detailed studies. These results explained the extensive use of Ormenis mixta L. as a traditional medicine in Morocco.

scholarly journals Plant Species of Sub-Family Valerianaceae—A Review on Its Effect on the Central Nervous System

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Gitishree Das ◽  
Han-Seung Shin ◽  
Rosa Tundis ◽  
Sandra Gonçalves ◽  
Ourlad Alzeus G. Tantengco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Food Species ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Valerianaceae, the sub-family of Caprifoliaceae, contains more than 300 species of annual and perennial herbs, worldwide distributed. Several species are used for their biological properties while some are used as food. Species from the genus Valeriana have been used for their antispasmodic, relaxing, and sedative properties, which have been mainly attributed to the presence of valepotriates, borneol derivatives, and isovalerenic acid. Among this genus, the most common and employed species is Valerianaofficinalis. Although valerian has been traditionally used as a mild sedative, research results are still controversial regarding the role of the different active compounds, the herbal preparations, and the dosage used. The present review is designed to summarize and critically describe the current knowledge on the different plant species belonging to Valerianaceae, their phytochemicals, their uses in the treatment of different diseases with particular emphasis on the effects on the central nervous system. The available information on this sub-family was collected from scientific databases up until year 2020. The following electronic databases were used: PubMed, Scopus, Sci Finder, Web of Science, Science Direct, NCBI, and Google Scholar. The search terms used for this review included Valerianaceae, Valeriana, Centranthus, Fedia, Patrinia, Nardostachys, Plectritis, and Valerianella, phytochemical composition, in vivo studies, Central Nervous System, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antinociceptive, anxiolytic, anxiety, preclinical and clinical studies.

Further studies on free-radical pathology in the major central nervous system disorders: effect of very high doses of methylprednisolone on the functional outcome, morphology, and chemistry of experimental spinal cord impact injury

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1415-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Demopoulos ◽  
E. S. Flamm ◽  
M. L. Seligman ◽  
D. D. Pietronigro ◽  
J. Tomasula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Functional Restoration ◽  
Radical Reactions ◽  
Free Radical Reactions ◽  
Cord Injury

The hypothesis that pathologic free-radical reactions are initiated and catalyzed in the major central nervous system (CNS) disorders has been further supported by the current acute spinal cord injury work that has demonstrated the appearance of specific, cholesterol free-radical oxidation products. The significance of these products is suggested by the fact that: (i) they increase with time after injury; (ii) their production is curtailed with a steroidal antioxidant; (iii) high antioxidant doses of the steroidal antioxidant which curtail the development of free-radical product prevent tissue degeneration and permit functional restoration. The role of pathologic free-radical reactions is also inferred from the loss of ascorbic acid, a principal CNS antioxidant, and of extractable cholesterol. These losses are also prevented by the steroidal antioxidant. This model system is among others in the CNS which offer distinctive opportunities to study, in vivo, the onset and progression of membrane damaging free-radical reactions within well-defined parameters of time, extent of tissue injury, correlation with changes in membrane enzymes, and correlation with readily measurable in vivo functions.

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