scholarly journals The growth of foot arches and influencing factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Ferial Hadipoetro Idris
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
Grade 3

Background Foot arches are important components for body sup-port. Foot arch deformity caused by growth abnormalities causeserious limitations in daily activities.Objectives To determine the patterns of foot arch growth, factorsinfluencing foot arch growth, and the timing for intervention in er-rant growth patterns.Methods A cross-sectional study evaluated the foot arches of chil-dren aged 0-18 years according to age and sex. Subjects includedhad no evidence of physical abnormality other than flat foot, knock-knee, or bow leg. Subjects were grouped per year of age. Data onfoot arch class, age, sex, weight, height, medial intercondylar dis-tance, and medial intermalleolar distance were recorded. Chi-square test, correlation, binary and linear regressions, general lin-ear model, and contrast matrix were performed.Results In 8376 children aged 0-18 years, flat foot grade 3 hadstable proportions in all age groups. Flat foot grade 2 and 1 hadsmaller proportions in older age groups than in younger ones. Theproportions of normal foot was greater in older age groups. Boysat the age of 7 and girls at 9 have a small percentage of pes cavus.The mean foot arch measurements were consistent with flat footgrade 2 at age 0-3 years, flat foot grade 1 at 4 years, and normalfoot at age 18. Median foot arch measurement of children 0-10years old was consistent with flat foot grade 1, while that of chil-dren 11 years old was consistent with normal foot. Age and heightgave positive influence. Based on these measurements we inferthat the optimal time for intervention is 0-7 years for boys and 0-3years for girls.Conclusion The proportion of flat foot grade 3 is stable through-out age groups, that of flat foot grade 2 and 1 are smaller in olderage groups, and that of normal foot is greater in older age groups.Overgrowth happens in very small percentages after age of 7 inboys and 9 in girls. Age, sex, height, weight, and growth of theknees are influencing factors

Prevalence, Associated Factors and Awareness of Hypertensive Retinopathy Among an Elderly Population with Hypertension in Nepal: The Bhaktapur Retina Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raba Thapa ◽  
Shankar Khanal ◽  
Hendra Tan ◽  
Suman Thapa ◽  
Gerardus Hermanus Maria Bartholomeus van Rens van Rens
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hypertensive Retinopathy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Hypertension Awareness ◽  
Grade 3

Abstract Background: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, associated factors and awareness of hypertensive retinopathy among an elderly population with hypertension in Nepal Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from 2013 to 2015 in Bhaktapur district, Nepal. The sample size was 2100 subjects age 60 years and above. From this sample, all diagnosed patients with hypertension were analyzed. A detailed history was obtained, and an ocular examination was performed. Blood sugar and blood pressure were measured. Result: Information was complete for 1860 (88.57%) subjects. The age ranged from 60 to 95 years with the mean ± SD age of 69.64±7.31 years. Hypertension was found in 643 subjects (34.61%), of which 224 (12.04%) were newly diagnosed cases. Hypertensive retinopathy was found in 81 cases (12.6%). Grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3 hypertensive retinopathy comprised 53 (65.43%), 19 (23.46%), and 9 (11.11%) cases, respectively. Hypertensive retinopathy was more frequent in the age group 70-79 years (15.23%) compared to other age groups, among males (13.25%), illiterates (13.56%), diabetics (16.49%), and those with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 (14%). However, none of the factors was found to be statistically significant. Among the subjects with hypertension, awareness of hypertension’s effects on the eyes, retina and vision was found in 13.84%, 8.4%, and 11.98% respectively. Conclusion: Prevalence of hypertension, hypertensive retinopathy and associated factors among an elderly population were similar to other countries. Awareness of hypertensive retinopathy was found in only 8.4%. Increased emphasis should be directed toward improving awareness campaigns. Key words: Hypertension, hypertensive retinopathy, elderly, awareness, Nepal

scholarly journals The prevalence and increasing trends of overweight, general obesity, and abdominal obesity among Chinese adults: a repeated cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjie Chen ◽  
Qin Peng ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
Senshuang Zheng ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Grade 3

Abstract Background The prevalence of general and abdominal obesity has increased rapidly in China. The aims of this study were to estimate the dynamic prevalence of overweight, general obesity, and abdominal obesity and the distribution of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) among Chinese adults. Methods Data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). According to the suggestions of the WHO for Chinese populations, overweight was defined as a 23 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 27.5 kg/m2 and general obesity as a BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2. Abdominal obesity was defined as a WC ≥ 90 cm for males and ≥ 80 cm for females. Grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3 obesity were defined as 27.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 32.5 kg/m2, 32.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 37.5 kg/m2, and BMI ≥ 37.5 kg/m2, respectively. Generalized estimation equations were used to estimate the prevalence and trends of overweight, general and abdominal obesity. Results This study included 12,543 participant. From 1989 to 2011, the median BMI of males and females increased by 2.65 kg/m2 and 1.90 kg/m2, respectively; and WC increased by 8.50 cm and 7.00 cm, respectively. In 2011, the age-adjusted prevalence of overweight, general obesity, and abdominal obesity were 38.80% (95% CI: 37.95–39.65%), 13.99% (95% CI: 13.38–14.59%), and 43.15% (95% CI: 42.28–44.01%), respectively, and significantly increased across all cycles of the survey among all subgroups (all P < 0.0001). The age-adjusted prevalence of grade 1–3 obesity significantly increased in total sample and sex subgroups (all P < 0.0001). For all indicators, there were significant increases in annual ORs among all subgroups (all P < 0.0001), with the exception of grade 2 obesity. Significant differences were observed in ORs across the three age groups in males. And ORs significantly decreased with age. Conclusions The age-adjusted prevalence of overweight, general obesity, and abdominal obesity significantly increased among Chinese adults from 1989 to 2011. The obesity population is trending toward an increased proportion of males and younger individuals in China.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE, DISTRIBUTION AND DETERMINANTS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI RESISTANCE TO CEFTRIAXONE IN ADULT INDOOR UTI POPULATION OF DISTRICT PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Ubed Ullah ◽  
Kiran Javed ◽  
Muhammad Asim Khan ◽  
Imran Ullah ◽  
Noor Ul Iman
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Escherichia coliresistance to ceftriaxone in UTIs is an emerging health problem.Our objectives were to determine prevalence, distribution and determinants of E. coliresistance to ceftriaxone in adult indoor UTI population of District Peshawar, Pakistan. Materials & Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2017. 380 UTIs cases were selected from population at riskconsecutively.Sex and age groups were demographic, while presence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone was research variable. All variables were nominal.Prevalenceand distribution were analyzed by count, percentage and confidence intervals for proportion for population. Hypotheses for distribution were substantiated by chi-square goodness-of-fit and of association by chi-square test of association. Results: Out of 380 patients with UTI, 136 (35.80%) were men,244(64.20%) women, 262 (68.95%) in age group 18-45 years and 118 (31.05%) in age group 46-65 years. Frequency/ prevalence of E. coli resistance was 287/380 (75.53%, 95%CI 71.20-79.85). Out of 287 patients with E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone, 101 (26.58%) were men and 186 (48.95%) women, 198 (52.11%) in age group 18-45 years and 89 (23.42%) in age group 46-65 years. Our prevalence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone was higher than expected (p<.00001), our distribution by sex(p<.00125) and age groups (p<.00001) were different than expected. Presence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone was not associated to sex (p=.669333) and age groups (p=.975097). Conclusion:Prevalence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone in adult UTI population of District Peshawar, Pakistan was alarmingly high 75.53%. Prevalence was more in women than men and more in younger age group (18-45 years) than older age group (46-60 years) population.Overall prevalence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone was higher than expected. Distribution by sex showed higher prevalence than expected in men and lower than expected in women, and higher than expected in younger age group and lower than expected in older age group. Presence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone was not associated to sex and age groups respectively in adult UTI population of District Peshawar, Pakistan.

scholarly journals The Influence of Age and Gender on Normalized Foot Arch Height in Childhood and Adolescence: Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyue-nam Park ◽  
Eun-kyung Koh ◽  
Do-young Jung
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Arch Height ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pes Planus ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Normalized arch height (NAH), which can be calculated as the instep height (IH) divided by total foot length (TFL), has been used when comparing the foot arch height, instead of navicular height (NH) because of the difficulty to palpate navicular tuberosity when measuring NH. The aim of current study was to investigate to investigate association between foot length and arch height, change in NAH over age, and distribution of foot type according to age in children and adolescent from 8 to 19 years. Foot scanning data of 1,451 children and adolescents were obtained. Four NAH indices were calculated as follows, 1) NH/TFL, 2) NH/instep length (IL), 3) IH/TFL and 4) IH/IL. There were significant positive relationships between foot length and arch height. Natural growth was observed in NH/TFL and NH/IL until 16 years old and IH/TFL and IH/IL between 11-13 and 14-16 years age groups. The proportions of pes planus also decreased, whereas the proportion of rectus foot type increased over age. Clinicians should be caution when diagnosing and designing non-surgical program for children with pes planus until 16 years old.

scholarly journals Differences in activity limitations and participation restrictions between young adults with cancer and older age groups: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanna Hejselbaek Andersen ◽  
Josephine Aagesen Christiansen ◽  
Karen la Cour ◽  
Maria Aagesen ◽  
Lars Hermann Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Activity Limitations ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Participation Restrictions

Abstract Purpose: To explore whether young adults with cancer have different activity limitations and participation restrictions compared to older age groups with cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional study including 654 people with cancer participating in a rehabilitation stay. Participants were in the age groups: 1) Young adults (n=121) = 18-39 years; 2) Middle-aged (n=406) = 40-64 years; and 3) older people (n=127) = ≥65 years. Outcomes were activity limitations and participation restrictions encompassing physical, role, social, and cognitive functioning, measured using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life Questionnaire Core 30. Mean differences between age groups were calculated using linear regression analyses. Results: Young adults had a mean age of 32.1 years (SD = 5.1); middle-aged adults 53.4 years (SD = 6.8); and the older people 71.1 years (SD = 4.8). The majority of the participants were women (81.9%) with breast cancer (42.9%). Young adults had a statistically significant higher physical functioning compared to those middle-aged (-3.90: (95% CI: -6.84; -0.95)) and the older age group (-7.63: (95% CI: -11.29; -3.96)). Young adults had statistically significant lower role functioning (7.11: (95% CI: 1.13; 13.08)) and cognitive functioning (13.82: (95% CI: 7.35; 20.29)) compared to older people. There was no statistically significant difference in social functioning between the age groups. Conclusion: Young adults had different activity limitations and participation restrictions compared with higher age groups. Our findings suggest the need for further research and an increased clinical rehabilitation focus on different activity and participation challenges across age groups.

A cross-sectional study on the development of foot arch function of 2715 Chinese children

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. L. Leung ◽  
J. C. Y. Cheng ◽  
A. F. T. Mak
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pressure Sensing ◽  
Force Ratio ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
Foot Loading

A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the foot arch function of Chinese children. A total of 2715 children, 1246 girls, and 1369 boys, 4–18 years of age were recruited from kindergartens, primary, and secondary schools. The dynamic footprints of the children were collected using a portable pressure-sensing mat. The Contact Force Ratio (CFR, i.e. the ratio of the mid-foot loading to the total loading of the contacted foot, with the toes ignored) of each age group was calculated. In general, the CFR decreased from 4 to 10 years and plateaued at 10–12 years and then increased until 15–16 years. An abnormal low arch foot was defined as the foot that had a CFR value larger than the corresponding age mean plus one standard deviation. The cut-off CFR values of each age group were calculated. With the exception of the 17 years age group, which consisted of a relatively small number of subjects, the percentage of low arch subjects of all the other age groups ranged from 15 to 20%.

CONCENTRATION OF THE SERUM TGF-BETA1 IN HEALTHY ADULT PEOPLE

2014 ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Van Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Tam Vo ◽  
Bui Bao Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta1 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender

Elevated serum Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) levels have been linked to tissue fibrosis including chronic kidney disease. Objectives: (1) Investigate serum TGF-beta1 levels in healthy adult people and (2) Examined the relation between serum TGF-beta1 level and gender, age, body mass index (BMI). Method: A cross-sectional study. TGF-beta1 were quantified by ELISA. Results: Levels of serum TGF-beta1 in healthy people were 13,45 ± 7,17 ng/mL mL (0,59 - 33,10 ng/mL). There are no difference of serum TGF-beta1 levels between men and women, between the age groups (<40 years, 40 to < 60 years and ≥ 60 years), between BMI groups < 23 and BMI group ≥ 23. Key words: TGF-beta1, healthy people

The Prevalence of Insecticide Treated Net/malaria :cross section study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanda Chalela
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Malaria Patient ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Itn Use ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

BACKGROUND ABSTRACT Introduction a study on prevalence of ITN use was carried out in Buchi community Kitwe Zambia from August to October 2019 OBJECTIVE Prevalence of ITN in BUchi METHODS Methodology: This was a cross sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain ownership and utilization and oral interviews, 200 households were targeted 844 individual covered across the 200 households. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. RESULTS ABSTRACT Introduction a study on prevalence of ITN use was carried out in Buchi community Kitwe Zambia from August to October 2019 Methodology: This was a cross sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain ownership and utilization and oral interviews, 200 households were targeted 844 individual covered across the 200 households. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. Findings: household ownership of at least an ITN was 52% and individual utilization at 37.6%, with 0.825 ITN/households and 0.195ITN /individual. Malaria prevalence of 52.4% /household and a 12.4% of the population. With 47.6% malaria patient coming from households with ITN and 60% of households with ITN have insufficient coverage.61% of malaria patient were female and 31 % male. however there was no significant relation between Gender and malaria prevalence in study area (p value was >0.05). Malaria cases distribution with age groups, 0-15yrs old represented 49.5%, 16-30 yrs., was at 27.6% and the over 30 yrs. case were at 22.9% .use of other preventive measures 23% used mosquito repellent ,others methods 1% with those not using any other methods 76%. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion The study showed clearly that malaria still poses a problem .the prevalence rate of malaria was still high 12.4% of the population and 52.4% of households. With high prevalence of malaria of 49.5% for 0-15yrs.the difference between ownership 52% and Utilization 37.6% showed that even household with ITN, the ITN were not sufficient.60% of households with ITN, the ITN were not sufficient for all occupants

scholarly journals Socioeconomic determinants of unmet need for outpatient healthcare services in Iran: a national cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Vahedi ◽  
Amin Torabipour ◽  
Amirhossein Takian ◽  
Saeed Mohammadpur ◽  
Alireza Olyaeemanesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Organizational Policies ◽  
Utilization Of Healthcare

Abstract Background Unmet need is a critical indicator of access to healthcare services. Despite concrete evidence about unmet need in Iran’s health system, no recent evidence of this negative outcome is available. This study aimed to measure the subjective unmet need (SUN), the factors associated with it and various reasons behind it in Iran. Methods We used the data of 13,005 respondents over the age of 15 from the Iranian Utilization of Healthcare Services Survey in 2016. SUN was defined as citizens whose needs were not sought through formal healthcare services, while they did not show a history of self-medication. The reasons for SUN were categorized into availability, accessibility, responsibility and acceptability of the health system. The multivariable logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of SUN and associated major reasons. Results About 17% of the respondents (N = 2217) had unmet need for outpatient services. Nearly 40% of the respondents chose only accessibility, 4% selected only availability, 78% chose only responsibility, and 13% selected only acceptability as the main reasons for their unmet need. Higher outpatient needs was the only factor that significantly increased SUN, responsibility-related SUN and acceptability-related SUN. Low education was associated with higher SUN and responsibility-related SUN, while it could also reduce acceptability-related SUN. While SUN and responsibility-related SUN were prevalent among lower economic quintiles, having a complementary insurance was associated with decreased SUN and responsibility-related SUN. The people with basic insurance had lower chances to face with responsibility-related SUN, while employed individuals were at risk to experience SUN. Although the middle-aged group had higher odds to experience SUN, the responsibility-related SUN were prevalent among elderly, while higher age groups had significant chance to be exposed to acceptability-related SUN. Conclusion It seems that Iran is still suffering from unmet need for outpatient services, most of which emerges from its health system performance. The majority of the unmet health needs could be addressed through improving financial as well as organizational policies. Special attention is needed to address the unmet need among individuals with poor health status.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of worry among teachers during the COVID-19 epidemic in Henan, China: a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e045386
Author(s):  
Yanqing Wang ◽  
Quanman Li ◽  
Clifford Silver Tarimo ◽  
Cuiping Wu ◽  
Yudong Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Location ◽  
Fear Level ◽  
Attention Level

ObjectiveTo evaluate the level of worry and its influencing factors during the COVID-19 epidemic among teachers in Henan Province in China.Study designA cross-sectional study was conducted.MethodsWe designed a cross-sectional survey that included 88 611 teachers from three cities in Henan Province, China between 4 February 2020 and 12 February 2020. Level of worry was measured using a five-item Likert scale, with 1 being ‘not worried’ and 5 being ‘very worried’. The OR and 95% CI of potential influencing factors for level of worry among study participants were estimated using ordinal logistic regression models.ResultsAbout 59% of teachers reported being ‘very worried’ about the COVID-19 epidemic. The proportion of female teachers was higher than of male teachers (60.33% vs 52.89%). In all age groups considered in this study, a ‘very worried’ condition accounted for the highest proportion. The age group 40–49 years had the lowest proportion of participants who were very worried, 52.34% of whom were men and 58.62% were women. After controlling for potential confounding factors, age, education level, type of teacher, school location, attention level, fear level, anxiety level and behaviour status were all related to level of worry (all p<0.05).ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 epidemic, there was a high proportion of teachers who were ‘very worried’ about the situation in Henan Province, China. Our study may remind policymakers to consider factors including age, educational status, type of teacher, school location, source of information on COVID-19, attention level, anxiety level, fear level and behaviour status to alleviate worry.

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