scholarly journals Comparative seed coat anatomy of the genus Wollemia (Araucariaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
A. S. Timchenko ◽  
A. N. Sorokin ◽  
N. S. Zdravchev ◽  
A. V. F. Ch. Bobrov ◽  
M. S. Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Progressive Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Transitional Type ◽  
Seed Coats

The seed coat anatomy of Wollemia nobilis W. G. Jones, K. D. Hill et J. M. Allen was carried out. In theresult of analysis of transverse sections of seeds the sufficient parenchymatization of seed coats and their differentiationinto three morphogenetic zones – the exotesta, the mesotesta and the endotesta was revealed. Such characters of thespermoderm as differentiation of the mesotesta into several topographic zones, presence of resin cavities in mesotesta, aswell as the participation of both exotesta and mesotesta in making the wing are treated as the archaic ones. The seeds of W.nobilis are of transitional type between exomesotestal and the exotestal type (according to Corner's typology). In generalthe seed coat structure of W. nobilis fits into the divercity of seed coats structure in the family Araucariaceae and is treatedas a progressive type within the family.

scholarly journals An Untargeted Metabolomics Approach for Correlating Pulse Crop Seed Coat Polyphenol Profiles with Antioxidant Capacity and Iron Chelation Ability

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3833
Author(s):  
Fatma M. Elessawy ◽  
Albert Vandenberg ◽  
Anas El-Aneed ◽  
Randy W. Purves
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Untargeted Metabolomics ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Pulse Crop ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Crop Seed

Pulse crop seed coats are a sustainable source of antioxidant polyphenols, but are typically treated as low-value products, partly because some polyphenols reduce iron bioavailability in humans. This study correlates antioxidant/iron chelation capabilities of diverse seed coat types from five major pulse crops (common bean, lentil, pea, chickpea and faba bean) with polyphenol composition using mass spectrometry. Untargeted metabolomics was used to identify key differences and a hierarchical analysis revealed that common beans had the most diverse polyphenol profiles among these pulse crops. The highest antioxidant capacities were found in seed coats of black bean and all tannin lentils, followed by maple pea, however, tannin lentils showed much lower iron chelation among these seed coats. Thus, tannin lentils are more desirable sources as natural antioxidants in food applications, whereas black bean and maple pea are more suitable sources for industrial applications. Regardless of pulse crop, proanthocyanidins were primary contributors to antioxidant capacity, and to a lesser extent, anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols, whereas glycosylated flavonols contributed minimally. Higher iron chelation was primarily attributed to proanthocyanidin composition, and also myricetin 3-O-glucoside in black bean. Seed coats having proanthocyanidins that are primarily prodelphinidins show higher iron chelation compared with those containing procyanidins and/or propelargonidins.

scholarly journals Influence of Seed Coat Color Genes on Milling Qualities of Red Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Subedi ◽  
Lope G. Tabil ◽  
Albert Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
Economic Trait ◽  
Milling Characteristics ◽  
Genotype Interaction ◽  
Dehulling Efficiency ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
Seed Coats

Efficient milling is the key economic trait for the red lentil industry. Various seed characteristics including seed coat color can influence milling characteristics. Four basic seed coat ground colors (green, gray, tan, and brown) of 16 red lentil genotypes from a common genetic background were compared to determine the effect of seed coat color genes on three key milling quality traits: dehulling efficiency (DE), milling recovery (MR), and football recovery (FR). These genotypes were grown at two locations in Saskatchewan, Canada for two years. DE, MR, and FR results varied depending on the seed coat color conferred by specific genotypes. Green and gray seed coat color (homozygous recessive tgc allele) genotypes had significantly higher DE and MR percentages compared to brown or tan seed coat types (homozygous dominant Tgc allele) depending on genotype interaction with site-year. Seeds with brown or tan seed coats had significantly higher FR percentages in two site-years. Red cotyledon lentils with uniform shape and green or gray seed coat color might be more profitable for millers who wish to maximize DE and MR of red lentil, but brown seed coat color might be preferable in terms of FR.

Structural aspects of dormancy in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): importance and possible action mechanisms of the seed coat

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ceccato ◽  
Daniel Bertero ◽  
Diego Batlla ◽  
Beatriz Galati
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Action Mechanisms ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Embryo Dormancy ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Structural Aspects

AbstractTwo possible sources of resistance to pre-harvest sprouting were evaluated in quinoa. They showed dormancy at harvest and significant variations in dormancy level in response to environmental conditions experienced during seed development. The aims of this work were to evaluate the importance of seed coats in the regulation of dormancy in this species, to investigate possible mechanisms of action and to assess association of seed coat properties with changes in dormancy level caused by the environment. Accessions Chadmo and 2-Want were grown under field conditions on different sowing dates during 2 years. Seed coats were manipulated and seed germination was evaluated at different temperatures. Seed coat perforation before incubation led to faster dormancy loss in both accessions. This effect decreased with delayed sowing date, and seeds expressed a level of dormancy not imposed by coats. This suggests the presence of embryo dormancy in the genus Chenopodium. Seeds of the accession 2-Want had a significantly thinner seed coat at later sowing dates, associated with a decreasing coat-imposed dormancy, but this pattern was not detected in Chadmo. The seed coat acts as a barrier to the release of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) in quinoa, suggested by the increase in germination and a higher amount of ABA leached from perforated seeds. ABA is able to leach from seeds with an intact seed coat, suggesting that differences in seed coat thickness may allow the leakage of different amounts of ABA. This mechanism may contribute to the observed differences in dormancy level, either between sowing dates or between accessions.

Effects of perturbations and stimulants on red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) seed germination

1997 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Lautenschlager
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Repeated Freezing ◽  
Key Words Animal ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Seed Coats

Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) seeds germinate only after seed coats are degraded. In nature this happens slowly. Seeds from recently collected fruit (fresh to four years old) germinated only after scarification of the seed coat by 20-minute soaking in concentrated sulfuric acid. Germination was not enhanced by: (1) short-term intermittent soaking, up to 81 hours, in dilute (0.01 normal) hydrochloric acid; (2) passage through the digestive tracts of bears, coyotes, or birds; (3) physical perturbations such as nicking, mechanical scarification, repeated freezing and thawing and/or four years of exposure in the field; (4) exposure to light; (5) increased temperatures or temperature fluctuations; or (6) addition of nitrogen (ammonium nitrate, urea). Key words: animal passage, germination, nitrogen, red raspberry, Rubus idaeus L., seed coat, seed weight, scarification, stratification

The role of fractures and lipids in the seed coat in the loss of hardseededness of six Mediterranean legume species

2005 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. ZENG ◽  
P. S. COCKS ◽  
S. G. KAILIS ◽  
J. KUO
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Petroleum Jelly ◽  
Physicochemical Changes ◽  
Ornithopus Sativus ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Seed Coat Morphology

Changes in the seed coat morphology of 12 annual legumes were studied using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The seeds of Biserrula pelecinus L. cv. Casbah, Ornithopus sativus cv. Cadiz, Trifolium clypeatum L., T. spumosum L., T. subterraneum L. cv. Bacchus Marsh, Trigonella balansae Boiss. & Reuter., Trigonella monspeliaca L. and Vicia sativa subsp. amphicarpa Dorthes (morthes.) were examined by ESEM after exposure to field conditions for 6 months, while those of Medicago polymorpha L. cv. Circle Valley, Trifolium clypeatum L., T. glanduliferum Boiss., T. lappaceum L., T. spumosum L., and T. subterraneum L. cv. Dalkeith, were examined after 2 years' exposure. The entry of water into seeds was followed by covering various parts of the seed coat with petroleum jelly and soaking the treated seeds in dyes.As the seeds softened over time, more and larger fractures appeared on the seed coat. Water entered the seed either through fractures, over the seed coat as a whole or through the lens. It is hypothesized that the formation of fractures occurs after physicochemical changes in the seed coat, probably associated with changes in the amount and nature of seed coat lipids.The newly matured whole seeds of M. polymorpha cv. Circle Valley, T. clypeatum, T. glanduliferum, T. lappaceum, T. spumosum, and T. subterraneum cv. Dalkeith were analysed for lipid content in 1997. The seed coats of T. subterraneum cv. Dalkeith and T. spumosum were separated from the cotyledons and examined in detail for lipid content.The lipid content of whole seeds ranged from 48 (T. lappaceum) to 167 mg/g (T. subterraneum cv. Dalkeith). Total lipid of the whole seeds of T. subterraneum cv. Dalkeith and T. glanduliferum declined by about 9 mg/g over 2 years, while in T. spumosum it declined by about 17 mg/g.In contrast, the major fatty acids in the seed coat declined by 0·67 mg/g over the 2 years. Change in seed coat lipids showed a marked similarity to changes in hardseededness for both T. subterraneum cv. Dalkeith and T. spumosum. The results strongly suggest that seed softening is associated with loss of lipids in the seed coat, because lipids have physical characteristics that are altered at temperatures experienced in the field.

Seed germination In Acacia auriculiformis: developmental aspects

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pukittayacamee ◽  
A. K. Hellum
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Time Of Collection

Germination of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. seeds was related to seed development. Full physiological development of seeds, indicated by maximum seed dry weight, was reached 82 days after anthesis; however, maximum percent germination was not reached before day 89. Later, germination declined gradually as dormancy and mortality increased. Most seeds were capable of germination without pretreatment at the time of collection, indicating that seed coats were not impermeable to water. Germination of seeds with moisture content from 14 to 29% can be achieved. Anatomical studies revealed that seeds reached maturity after compressing the parenchyma cells against the inside of the seed coat. The physical properties of the seed coat, therefore, did not control its permeability to water. After the developmental period, seed dormancy increased by further drying of seeds during storage.

The Process of Germination in Australian Species

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Light Sensing ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Biochemical Sensing ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Soluble Components

Australian species germinate under the combination of environmental conditions where the potential for survival is enhanced. Most species also have dormancy mechanisms that prevent all seeds from germinating in any particular rainfall event. Immaturity of the embryo prevents some species from germinating until environmental parameters change to more favourable conditions. Seed-coat inhibitors may also delay germination, with some seed requiring ingestion and dispersal by animals or a series of rainfall cycles to facilitate germination. Adaptations to fire include germination mechanisms facilitated by impervious seed coats, seed-coat inhibitors and biochemical sensing of water-soluble components of smoke and the high soil nitrate levels found following the burning of vegetation. Germination is generally limited under saline soil conditions until rainfall dilutes concentrations to near-zero water potentials. Australian species tend to germinate under temperatures that approximate the rainfall season in their native habitat. Light sensing by Australian species ensures germination takes place only near the surface for some species or only under complete burial conditions in others. More recent research has emphasised the interaction of multiple and sequential cues to relieve dormancy and initiate germination. Knowledge of germination mechanisms provides a basis for better land management, enriched conservation, improved rehabilitation and advanced horticulture, forestry and farming practices.

Anatomical structure and nutritive value of lupin seed coats

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. H. Miao ◽  
J. A. Fortune ◽  
J. Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Anatomical Analysis ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Seed Coats

Selection and breeding for yield and adaptation to environmental conditions often changes a number of characteristics of crops, and may influence the value of seed for animals. A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the effect of breeding and growing conditions on the structure and degradability of lupin seed coats. Breeding has had significant influences on both seed size and seed coat structure of lupins. For instance, cultivars of Lupinus angustifolius released in 1987 and 1988 tended to have smaller seeds with a thicker seed coat than those released in 1971 (P < 0.05). Selection for soft seeds has resulted in a reduction of seed coat thickness in L. angustifolius. Hardseeded and roughseeded lines of L. cosentinii had thicker coats (P < 0.05) than softseeded and smoothseeded, respectively. The main contributor to the thick seed coat of hardseeded lines was a layer of cells known as the hourglass layer, which is located between the outer palisade and inner parenchyma. Anatomical analysis revealed that the soft seed coat tended to have short and round cells, whereas the hard seed tended to have long cells in the palisade layer. Smooth seeds had round cells in the subpalisade, but rough seeds had long cells in this layer. Although the seed coats of lupins contained about 80% crude fibre, with L. cosentinii and L. pilosus having more fibre than L. angustifolius, the fibre in lupin seed coats was highly digestible by sheep.

scholarly journals Lack of Seed Coat Contamination with Cucumber mosaic virus in Lupin Permits Reliable, Large-Scale Detection of Seed Transmission in Seed Samples

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna C. O'Keefe ◽  
David I. Berryman ◽  
Brenda A. Coutts ◽  
Roger A. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Content ◽  
Seed Coats

Sowing seed stocks with minimal virus content provides a key control measure in preventing damaging epidemics of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in crops of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius). A seed testing service provides an estimate of percent CMV infection based on a dry seed test in which bulked subsamples of ungerminated seed are ground to a fine powder for testing. When enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used, CMV antiserum that gave low background optical density (A405) values with extracts of powder from subsamples of healthy seed provided greatest accuracy, readily detecting one infected seed in subsamples of 100 seeds. In comparative ELISAs on duplicate subsamples from eight different seed stocks, germination and dry seed tests always gave similar percent infection values. When seed coats were separated from the embryos of CMV-infected and healthy lupin seeds before testing by ELISA, the virus was only detected in embryos from infected seeds and never in their seed coats. Treatment with trisodium phosphate did not alter the low ELISA optical density (A405) values obtained with seed coats separated from infected seeds. Therefore, seed coat contamination with CMV is lacking in lupin, justifying large-scale routine use of a dry seed test to estimate percent virus infection in commercial seed samples.

scholarly journals Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in the seed coat of yellow-seeded, canola quality Brassica napus YN01-429 is constrained at the committed step catalyzed by dihydroflavonol 4-reductaseThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue from the National Research Council of Canada – Plant Biotechnology Institute.

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 616-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid Akhov ◽  
Paula Ashe ◽  
Yifang Tan ◽  
Raju Datla ◽  
Gopalan Selvaraj
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Dihydroflavonol Reductase ◽  
Regulatory Circuits ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Canola Quality

The yellow seed characteristic in Brassica napus  L. is desirable because of its association with higher oil content and better quality of oil-extracted meal. YN01-429 is a yellow-seeded canola-quality germplasm developed in Canada arising from several years of research. Seed-coat pigmentation is due to oxidized proanthocyanidins (PA; condensed tannins) derived from phenylpropanoids and malonyl CoA. We found PA accumulation to be most robust in young seed coats (20 d post anthesis; dpa) of a related black-seeded line N89-53 and only very little PA in YN01-429, which also contained much less extractable phenolics. The flavonol content, however, did not show as great a difference between these two lines. Furthermore, sinapine, a product of the general phenylpropanoid metabolism, was present at comparable levels in the embryos of both lines. Dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) activity that commits phenolics to PA synthesis was lower in YN01-429 seed coats. The results of Southern blot and in silico analyses were indicative of two copies of the DFR gene in B. napus. Both copies were functional in YN01-429, ruling out homeoallelic repression or silencing, but together they showed very low expression levels (17-fold fewer transcripts) relative to DFR activity in N89-53 seed coats. These results collectively suggest that YN01-429 differs in regulatory circuits that impact the PA synthesis branch much more than the flavonol synthesis branch in the seed coats and such circuits do not impinge upon general phenylpropanoid metabolism in the embryos.

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