Effects of perturbations and stimulants on red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) seed germination

1997 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Lautenschlager
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Repeated Freezing ◽  
Key Words Animal ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Seed Coats

Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) seeds germinate only after seed coats are degraded. In nature this happens slowly. Seeds from recently collected fruit (fresh to four years old) germinated only after scarification of the seed coat by 20-minute soaking in concentrated sulfuric acid. Germination was not enhanced by: (1) short-term intermittent soaking, up to 81 hours, in dilute (0.01 normal) hydrochloric acid; (2) passage through the digestive tracts of bears, coyotes, or birds; (3) physical perturbations such as nicking, mechanical scarification, repeated freezing and thawing and/or four years of exposure in the field; (4) exposure to light; (5) increased temperatures or temperature fluctuations; or (6) addition of nitrogen (ammonium nitrate, urea). Key words: animal passage, germination, nitrogen, red raspberry, Rubus idaeus L., seed coat, seed weight, scarification, stratification

scholarly journals Effect of short-term controlled atmospheres on the postharvest quality and sensory shelf life of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianda D. González-Orozco ◽  
Edmundo M. Mercado-Silva ◽  
Eduardo Castaño-Tostado ◽  
Ma. Estela Vázquez-Barrios ◽  
Dulce M. Rivera-Pastrana
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres

scholarly journals Improvement of Seedling Emergence of Lupinus texensis Hook. Following Seed Scarification Treatments

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim D. Davis ◽  
Steven W. George ◽  
Abha Upadhyaya ◽  
Jerry Persons
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Seed Scarification ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

Abstract Seeds from four commercial seedlots of Lupinus texensis Hook. (Texas bluebonnet) were placed in concentrated sulfuric acid for 0 to 120 minutes and then sown. Emergence was promoted by acid scarification in three of the four seedlots. For the lots that responded to acid scarification, the optimal scarification time was 30–60 minutes which resulted in 85–95% emergence one month after planting. In addition to increasing the total number of seedlings that emerged, acid scarification hastened emergence. The same aliquot of sulfuric acid was used for five 60-minute scarification periods before its efficacy was reduced. Acid scarification did not reduce seed coat thickness or strength but created several small pores in the seed coat which likely facilitated imbibition. Cutting, filing, or piercing the seed coat promoted emergence to a similar extent. Placement of seeds in 85%C (185%F) water and then cooling for 24 hrs promoted emergence relative to the non-treated controls, but was not as effective as other scarification techniques. Freezing and thawing of seeds had no effect on emergence. Results indicate that acid scarification functions by removing a mechanical rather than a chemical barrier to gennination of L. texensis.

RESPECTIVE EFFECTS OF ENDOCARP, TESTA AND ENDOSPERM, AND EMBRYO ON THE GERMINATION OF RASPBERRY (Rubus idaeus L.) SEEDS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
XAVIER NESME
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Immature Embryos ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Embryonic Dormancy ◽  
Germinated Seeds

Scarification or seed coat removal was carried out on seeds of five varieties of raspberry, Rubus idaeus L. Regardless of the variety, 100% germination was reached in less than 15 days, at 20 °C, with naked embryos or if the three seed coats were nicked. Intact nutlets never germinated. Seeds with nicked endocarps did not germinate until the testa and the endosperm were injured. Therefore, germination appeared physically prevented by the testa and/or the endosperm while, except for immature embryos, there was no embryonic dormancy. In addition there were varietal differences in the germination of the seeds at high or low temperatures.Key words: Rosaceae, Rubus idaeus L., germination, seeds

Germination and Emergence of Balloonvine (Cardiospermum halicacabum)

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Johnston ◽  
D. S. Murray ◽  
J. C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) scarification of balloonvine (Cardiospermum halicacabumL.) for 3 h reduced balloonvine seed coat thickness by 25%, and resulted in increased water absorption and maximum germination. Germination of balloonvine occurred at temperatures of 15 to 40 C with optimum germination occurring at 35 C. Intact balloonvine seed was more sensitive to simulated moisture stress than soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Bragg’]. No balloonvine germination occurred at osmotic potentials of −2 bars and less with intact seeds. Balloonvine seed with seed coats removed germinated at osmotic potentials of −8 bars. Maximum emergence of balloonvine occurred at the 1- and 3-cm depths with limited emergence at a depth of 12 cm.

Comparison of ex vivo stability of copeptin and vasopressin

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith E. Heida ◽  
Lianne S.M. Boesten ◽  
Esmée M. Ettema ◽  
Anneke C. Muller Kobold ◽  
Casper F.M. Franssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Repeated Freezing ◽  
Vasopressin Precursor ◽  
Term Storage

AbstractBackground:Copeptin, part of the vasopressin precursor, is increasingly used as marker for vasopressin and is claimed to have better ex vivo stability. However, no study has directly compared the ex vivo stability of copeptin and vasopressin.Methods:Blood of ten healthy volunteers was collected in EDTA tubes. Next, we studied the effect of various pre-analytical conditions on measured vasopressin and copeptin levels: centrifugation speed, short-term storage temperature and differences between whole blood and plasma, long-term storage temperature and repeated freezing and thawing. The acceptable change limit (ACL), indicating the maximal percentage change that can be explained by assay variability, was used as cut-off to determine changes in vasopressin and copeptin.Results:The ACL was 25% for vasopressin and 19% for copeptin. Higher centrifugation speed resulted in lower vasopressin levels, whereas copeptin concentration was unaffected. In whole blood, vasopressin was stable up to 2 h at 25°C and 6 h at 4°C. In plasma, vasopressin was stable up to 6 h at 25°C and 24 h at 4°C. In contrast, copeptin was stable in whole blood and plasma for at least 24h at both temperatures. At –20°C, vasopressin was stable up to 1 month and copeptin for at least 4 months. Both vasopressin and copeptin were stable after 4 months when stored at –80°C and –150°C. Vasopressin concentration decreased after four freeze-thaw cycles, whereas copeptin concentration was unaffected.Conclusion:Vasopressin levels were considerably affected by pre-analytical conditions, while copeptin levels were stable. Therefore, a strict sample handling protocol for measurement of vasopressin is recommended.

Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 468b-468
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Chuhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) for Examining the Genomics Controlling Prickle Production in Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Archana Khadgi ◽  
Courtney A. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genotype By Sequencing

Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is an expanding high-value berry crop worldwide. The presence of prickles, outgrowths of epidermal tissues lacking vasculature, on the canes, petioles, and undersides of leaves complicates both field management and harvest. The utilization of cultivars with fewer prickles or prickle-free canes simplifies production. A previously generated population segregating for prickles utilizing the s locus between the prickle-free cultivar Joan J (ss) and the prickled cultivar Caroline (Ss) was analyzed to identify the genomic region associated with prickle development in red raspberry. Genotype by sequencing (GBS) was combined with a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) to analyze 8474 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and identify significant markers associated with the prickle-free trait. A total of four SNPs were identified on chromosome 4 that were associated with the phenotype and were located near or in annotated genes. This study demonstrates how association genetics can be used to decipher the genetic control of important horticultural traits in Rubus, and provides valuable information about the genomic region and potential genes underlying the prickle-free trait.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Assessing Biological Cell Damage during Freezing and Thawing

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4129
Author(s):  
Sisay Mebre Abie ◽  
Ørjan Grøttem Martinsen ◽  
Bjørg Egelandsdal ◽  
Jie Hou ◽  
Frøydis Bjerke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Angle ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electric Impedance ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Impedance Parameters ◽  
Deep Learning Model

This study was performed to test bioimpedance as a tool to detect the effect of different thawing methods on meat quality to aid in the eventual creation of an electric impedance-based food quality monitoring system. The electric impedance was measured for fresh pork, thawed pork, and during quick and slow thawing. A clear difference was observed between fresh and thawed samples for both impedance parameters. Impedance was different between the fresh and the frozen-thawed samples, but there were no impedance differences between frozen-thawed samples and the ones that were frozen-thawed and then stored at +3 °C for an additional 16 h after thawing. The phase angle was also different between fresh and the frozen-thawed samples. At high frequency, there were small, but clear phase angle differences between frozen-thawed samples and the samples that were frozen-thawed and subsequently stored for more than 16 h at +3 °C. Furthermore, the deep learning model LSTM-RNN (long short-term memory recurrent neural network) was found to be a promising way to classify the different methods of thawing.

scholarly journals Combining QTL Mapping and Gene Expression Analysis to Elucidate the Genetic Control of ‘Crumbly’ Fruit in Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Luca M. Scolari ◽  
Robert D. Hancock ◽  
Pete E. Hedley ◽  
Jenny Morris ◽  
Kay Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Microarray Experiment ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Genotype By Sequencing ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

‘Crumbly’ fruit is a developmental disorder in raspberry that results in malformed and unsaleable fruits. For the first time, we define two distinct crumbly phenotypes as part of this work. A consistent crumbly fruit phenotype affecting the majority of fruits every season, which we refer to as crumbly fruit disorder (CFD) and a second phenotype where symptoms vary across seasons as malformed fruit disorder (MFD). Here, segregation of crumbly fruit of the MFD phenotype was examined in a full-sib family and three QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) were identified on a high density GbS (Genotype by Sequencing) linkage map. This included a new QTL and more accurate location of two previously identified QTLs. A microarray experiment using normal and crumbly fruit at three different developmental stages identified several genes that were differentially expressed between the crumbly and non-crumbly phenotypes within the three QTL. Analysis of gene function highlighted the importance of processes that compromise ovule fertilization as triggers of crumbly fruit. These candidate genes provided insights regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the genetic control of crumbly fruit in red raspberry. This study will contribute to new breeding strategies and diagnostics through the selection of molecular markers associated with the crumbly trait.

scholarly journals An Untargeted Metabolomics Approach for Correlating Pulse Crop Seed Coat Polyphenol Profiles with Antioxidant Capacity and Iron Chelation Ability

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3833
Author(s):  
Fatma M. Elessawy ◽  
Albert Vandenberg ◽  
Anas El-Aneed ◽  
Randy W. Purves
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Untargeted Metabolomics ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Pulse Crop ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Crop Seed

Pulse crop seed coats are a sustainable source of antioxidant polyphenols, but are typically treated as low-value products, partly because some polyphenols reduce iron bioavailability in humans. This study correlates antioxidant/iron chelation capabilities of diverse seed coat types from five major pulse crops (common bean, lentil, pea, chickpea and faba bean) with polyphenol composition using mass spectrometry. Untargeted metabolomics was used to identify key differences and a hierarchical analysis revealed that common beans had the most diverse polyphenol profiles among these pulse crops. The highest antioxidant capacities were found in seed coats of black bean and all tannin lentils, followed by maple pea, however, tannin lentils showed much lower iron chelation among these seed coats. Thus, tannin lentils are more desirable sources as natural antioxidants in food applications, whereas black bean and maple pea are more suitable sources for industrial applications. Regardless of pulse crop, proanthocyanidins were primary contributors to antioxidant capacity, and to a lesser extent, anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols, whereas glycosylated flavonols contributed minimally. Higher iron chelation was primarily attributed to proanthocyanidin composition, and also myricetin 3-O-glucoside in black bean. Seed coats having proanthocyanidins that are primarily prodelphinidins show higher iron chelation compared with those containing procyanidins and/or propelargonidins.

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