scholarly journals WAYS TO STEP UP THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC, SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION OF THE SCO COUNTRIES, IMPROVE ITS LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
A.A. Vasiliev ◽  
D. Spaper ◽  
Zh.I. Ibragimov
Keyword(s):  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Institutional Foundations

The article is devoted to the search for ways to enhance international scientific and technical cooperationwithin the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The authors suggest such ways ofdeveloping international scientific and technical cooperation in the SCO as the creation of a special SCOcommission on scientific and technical cooperation, the formation of an expert council of representatives ofscience, the establishment of a fund for financing joint scientific projects.

scholarly journals Legal and environmental factors hindering the development of scientific and technical cooperation in SCO countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
A.S. Kramarenko ◽  
Zh.V. Ignatenko ◽  
O.I. Yulevich
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Member States ◽  
Technological Cooperation ◽  
Organization Member ◽  
Bilateral Treaties

The present work is devoted to the analysis of problems in development of international scientific and technical cooperation between the Shanghai Cooperation Organization member-states. Among the main factors that determine the development of scientific and technological sphere, the most important are legal factors, the detailed analysis of which is presented for each member state of Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The study of legal factors hindering the development of scientific and technological cooperation is based on the peculiarities of national legal regulation of scientific and innovation activity and the shortcomings of international agreements within the SCO. The authors identify both internal and external legal factors that influence the development of international scientific and technological collaboration. The authors consider the state of legal regulation of national science and technology policy and the legal status of organizations involved in the development of science as internal legal factors. External legal factors include the existence of bilateral treaties between the countries of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization regulating scientific and technological cooperation, as well as the content of multilateral treaties on scientific and technological cooperation between all member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Based on the results of the study, the authors conclude that it is necessary to harmonize the national legislation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization countries on the issues of legal regulation of scientific and technological cooperation, as well as to consolidate at the international level the legal mechanisms for implementation of certain aspects of cooperation in the scientific and technological fields.

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR REGIONAL INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION IN THE SCO AND ASEAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel I. Abdullin ◽  
Rosa I. Sitdikova ◽  
Natalia E. Tyurina ◽  
Liliia D. Iafizova
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Permanent Working

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the institutional forms of regional scientific and technical cooperation in such integration associations as the SCO and ASEAN. The founding documents of the SCO (the Charter of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization) and ASEAN (n the Declaration on the Establishment of ASEAN) define scientific and technical cooperation as one of the tasks of these regional organizations. The authors proceed from the fact that overcoming the obstacles to the development of modern society is unthinkable without reliance on scientific and technological progress, and therefore a joint search for solutions to problems that already exist today and may arise in the 21st century is necessary. The expansion of cooperation in the field of science and technology within the framework of the SCO has been defined as one of the areas of cooperation and an institutional mechanism for the interaction of member states has been created, in which a permanent working group on scientific and technical cooperation holds an important place. One of the significant results in creating the material base for joint research is the SCO University (SCOU). Its main goal is to give a new impetus to the expansion of multilateral educational, scientific and cultural cooperation. The article notes that ASEAN's scientific and technical research is not limited to internal projects. A significant role in the development of this area is played by documents and institutions in which Russia is involved

scholarly journals Anti-Russian Sanctions as a Prerequisite for Expanding International Scientific and Technical Cooperation with Asian Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
Eugene Anichkin ◽  
Alexey Rezinkin
Keyword(s):  
High Tech ◽  
The Political ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Academic Mobility ◽  
Narrow Scope ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Scientific Diplomacy ◽  
Selective Character

The article describes the international scientific and technical cooperation (ISTC) of the Russian Federation with foreign states in the context of the anti-Russian sanctions. The research featured the political and economic anti-Russian sanctions that define the current cooperation in the scientific and technical field. The authors described the phenomenon of sanctions, their main types, reasons, specific features, etc., putting stress on the industrial and selective character, as well as on their indirect influence on Russian ISTC. There are no scientific and technological sanctions per se; however, the current political and economic sanctions keep affecting the ISTC sphere, e.g. inability to purchase and deliver reagents and high-tech equipment, to accept financing from foreign funds, etc. The sanctions manifest themselves as narrow scope of research projects, low academic mobility, etc. The two areas with appropriate mechanisms to counter the sanctions policy are political and legal. For instance, a diversified state policy could be developed to support ISTC. Public scientific diplomacy and an official vector of development might be of great help, in particular, the Asian vector of ISTC development. The authors believe ISTC should take place between the members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The legal counteraction mechanisms include issuing normative legal acts, suspension of international agreements in ISTC, counter-sanctions, and international arbitration.

scholarly journals European Union and European Germany

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Czarny ◽  
Jerzy Menkes
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
German States ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Eu Eastern Enlargement ◽  
Institutional Foundations ◽  
Peace In Europe ◽  
The Eu

We analyze the correlation between the European integration and incorporating Germany into the process of European cooperation. We point out that the European integration after WWII was determined by the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community in the year 1951. This Community made it possible to control the steel industry of the Member States (among them Germany) within the framework of the common market. It was aimed at stable and harmonized development, as well as at preventing an uncontrolled growth of military-industrial complex, increasing the production for the army and decreasing the probability of the outbreak of the next war. Then - after the deepening of cooperation (taking her new areas) – the European Communities (EC) were created. They are still institutional foundations of the EU. One of the main reasons of the EC creation was the willingness to ensure lasting peace in Europe and to create „security community” through a.o. incorporation of Germany into the group of cooperating states. In this paper, we analyze the security system components created (e.g.) by the EC/EU, as well as the origin and changes of their characteristics.  We compare the process of German unification (and more general: of defining the German unity, and broader: unity of the German speaking territory) after WWI and WWII. The analysis of similarities and differences leads us to the present stage of the European integration, when the unification of two German states was accomplished for the price of German acceptance of deepening of the integration and the creation of the European monetary union. We analyze various consequences of unification of Germany and the creation of the euro zone. In our opinion, they go far beyond the economic or political  ones, and are connected with the EU Eastern enlargement.

scholarly journals SCO CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION: DISCUSSION OF A PROPOSAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
E. S. Anichkin ◽  
A.A. Serebriakov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Regional Associations

Modern processes of geopolitical, socio-economic development of states and the global economy requirethe intensification of scientific and technical cooperation within the framework of regional associations,which include developing countries. This is necessary for the transition from a resource-based economy to aknowledge economy and a significant improvement in the welfare of the population.Unfortunately, despitethe presence of appropriate prerequisites, scientific and technical cooperation between the member states ofthe Shanghai Cooperation Organization is extremely poorly developed.It seems that one of the reasons forthis is the absence of a convention document regulating in detail various aspects of cooperation in the areaunder consideration.The necessity of development and adoption of the Shanghai Cooperation OrganizationConvention on international scientific and scientific-technical cooperation is substantiated.It is proposed toinclude in this document the goals and principles of international scientific and technical cooperation, ruleson a permanent SCO body on international scientific and technical cooperation, provisions on financialsupport for scientific and technical cooperation, framework norms on the legal regime of territories ofadvanced scientific and scientific-technical development, as well as the norms disclosing the legal status ofparticipants in international scientific and scientific-technical cooperation.

China in the Late Leninist Era

1993 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 949-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Scalapino
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Institutional Foundations

In the course of the 20th century, the world's inhabitants have shared one fate in common. Sooner or later, they and their society have been plunged into the maelstrom of accelerating change, an upheaval at the root of which are the explosive developments in science and technology. The global revolution has unfolded in different ways, and has had diverse ideological underpinnings, structural attributes and institutional foundations. Other variables of great significance are timing and leadership. The timing of the revolutionary effort together with the stage of preparation on the part of the society involved have had a major influence in determining the degree of coercion likely to be employed. If a reluctant, ill-prepared society is pulled into modernity largely against its will, significant force has often been required, although the creation of a new faith through intensive ideological indoctrination has reduced the quotient of coercion in certain instances. Timing has also determined the develop-mental models available as well as the prevailing ideological currents, and hence the influences likely to carry the greatest weight with elites committed to change.

scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION OF RUSSIA AND KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
A.Y. Rezinkin
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
Multilateral Treaties

The article deals with the development of international scientific and technical cooperation betweenRussia and Kazakhstan and its main actors. International scientific and technical relations are describedthrough the prism of bilateral and multilateral cooperation between the two states through regionalinterstate associations, in particular the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The author pays specialattention to the issue of legal regulation of international scientific and technical regulation, the mainmechanism of which is bilateral and multilateral treaties and agreements. At the same time, one of the important forms of cooperation is the development of coordinated measures to harmonize the regulatoryframework of Russia and Kazakhstan in the field of science and technology.

scholarly journals OBSTACLES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
E. S. Anichkin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Situation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Scientific Technical

Legal and non-legal factors that impede the development of scientific and scientific-technical partnershipare considered. within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Factors that reducethe activity and effectiveness of such cooperation are divided into legal and non-legal. Within the frameworkof legal factors, internal and external are distinguished, and the political and economic situation in the SCOcountries are classified as non-legal reasons and conditions.

scholarly journals Organizational-legal models of international scientific and technical cooperation on the creation and utilization of global research infrastructure in the nuclear sphere

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Elvin Teymurov ◽  
Yaroslav Sergeevich Kozheurov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Research Infrastructure ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Intergovernmental Organization ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
Global Research

Legal science is facing the relevant task of studying the existing legal forms and models of international scientific and technical cooperation on creation and utilization of global research infrastructure in the nuclear sphere, as well as determining their flaws and merits, capacity of implementation and adjustment to the “mega-science” projects in the Russian Federation. The key factors in determining legal aspects of creation and utilization of the global research infrastructure are the following: organizational-legal framework (establishment of an independent subject or usage of  the already existing “umbrella” legal structures), and which legal tools are applied and to which law this activity is subordinated. The organizational-legal model of the international scientific and technical cooperation with existing intergovernmental organization of the framework type or legal entities, as well as by means of instituting of special subjects, can be schematically described as the four-level system. The advantage of using the umbrella-type models in nuclear sphere consists in availability of most of its tools and mechanisms, which require just the adjustment to the specific projects, and the possibility of implementation of a substantial number of projects. If there is a need for ensuring partnership on a shared basis, financial responsibilities, and the dependent on them management structure, the appropriate form is the creation of a special subject of project type. Based on the “legal environment”, the use of international intergovernmental organization implies certain immunities and privileges, removal from the jurisdiction of the accepting country, etc. It is important that in the modern conditions it is more difficult to subordinate the international intergovernmental organizations to the politically motivated unilateral restrictive measures (“sanctions”). Although, the use of the construct of legal entity can ensure better efficiency, flexibility, and managerial inexpensiveness of the process, especially as the also can qualify for the exceptions to national law. Most successful seems the development of a special organizational legal form mentioned in the draft Federal Law “On scientific, Scientific-and Technical, and Innovation Activity in the Russian Federation”, which would be an international research organization.

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