scholarly journals HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOLIC FRUIT & LEAVE EXTRACTS OF Solanum incanum (GARDEN EGG) IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC WISTAR RATS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abah Moses Owoicho ◽  
Michael P Okoh ◽  
Lukman Adewale Alli
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Solanum Incanum ◽  
Test Control

This research seeks to assess the hypoglycemic effect of the ethanolic leave and fruit extracts of Solanum incanum instreptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats. 200g of each of the extracted powder of fruit and leaf of Solanum incanum will be dissolved in 1600 ml of ethanol in a glass bottlerespectively for a period of 48 hours with intermittent vigorous shaking. The solution will be filteredwith, ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) 60 mesh size while the filtrate will becollected and evaporated at 45°C using water bath. The dried concentrate (extract) will then be storedin a sealed transparent bottle for subsequent use. Diabetes will be induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (120 mg/kg body weight)after 18 hours fast while 5% glucose solution will be administered orally so as to prevent the druginduced hypoglycemic effect of streptozotocin. After 72 hours of streptozotocin injection, bloodsamples will be collected by tail snip method to determine the blood glucose concentrations to confirmthe development of Diabetes Mellitus. Albino rats with fasting blood glucose concentration of greaterthan 126 mg/dl will be considered hyperglycemic and will be selected for the study.The animals will be randomly divided into nine groups each containing five wistar rats while each wistar rat will be marked using black stain. The Non-Diabetic group:Group A: (NORMAL CONTROL/Non-Diabetic Wistar Rats): Will be administered 0.5 ml normalsaline only. On the 7th and 14th days of treatment, the blood glucose levels of the wistar rats will bedetermined using accu-check glucometer, the animals will then be weighed to determine the effect ofthe plant extract on their body weights. The results obtained will then be expressed in g of body weightand mg/d1 of blood respectively. While the Diabetic groups:Group B: (NEGATIVE CONTROL/Untreated Diabetic Wistar Rats): will Serve as diabeticcontrol; receiving 0.5 ml normal saline/day/rat.Group C: (POSITIVE CONTROL/Diabetic Wistar Rats): Will be administered Glibenclamide (10mg/kg b.wt./day) in 0.5 ml normal saline as a fine aqueous suspension orally.Group D 1: (TEST CONTROL Ia /Diabetic Wistar Rats): Will be administered a daily low dose ofethanolic fruit extract of Solanum incanum as a fine aqueous suspension orally in 0.5 ml normal saline. Group D 2: (TEST CONTROL Ib /Diabetic Wistar Rats): Will be administered a daily high dose ofethanolic fruit extract of Solanum incanum as a fine aqueous suspension orally in 0.5 ml normal saline Group E 1: (TEST CONTROL IIa /Dabetic Wistar Rats): Will be administered a daily low dose ofethanolic leaf extract of Solanum incanum as a fine aqueoussuspension orally in 0.5 ml normal salineGroup E 2: (TEST CONTROL IIb /Dabetic Wistar Rats): Will be administered a daily high dose ofethanolic leaf extract of Solanum incanum as a fine aqueoussuspension orally in 0.5 ml normal salineGroup F 1: (TEST CONTROL IIIa /Diabetic Wistar Rats): Will be administered a low dose ofcombined ethanolic leaf and fruit extracts of Solanum incanum as a fine aqueous suspension orally in0.5 ml normal salineGroup F 2: (TEST CONTROL IIIb /Diabetic Wistar Rats): Will be administered a high dose ofcombined ethanolic leaf and fruit extracts of Solanum incanum as a fine aqueous suspension orally in0.5 ml normal salineCollection and treatment of sample:The extracts will be reconstituted in normal saline water and administered orally on daily basis. Theextract group will be treated with high and low doses of the leaf and fruit ethanolic extacts respectively,while the diabetic control and the normal control will be given 0.5 ml of saline water for a period of 14days. At the end of 14 days, the fasting blood glucose levels of all the animals will be taken, afterwhich the animals will be weighed and anaesthetized using chloroform and bled by cardiac puncture24 h after the last treatment. The blood sample will then be collected in plain bottles, allowed to clotand the serum separated by centrifugation for 10 min, which will then be collected and stored at 37℃and finally subjected to biochemical analysis.Biochemical analysis: The serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, High Density Lipoproteinsand Low Density Lipoprotein will be determined by a lipid profile auto analyzer.Statistical analysis: Data will be expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Comparative analysesbetween and amongst variables will be done using analysis of variance (ANOVA). A post hoccomparison (LSD) test will be performed to further ascertain significant differences between means.Statistical significance will be set at P<0.05. All statistical analysis will be done using SPSS.

scholarly journals Effects of Dose and Duration of Zinc Interventions on Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M Pompano ◽  
Erick Boy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Long Duration

ABSTRACT No meta-analysis has examined the effect of dose and duration of zinc interventions on their impact on risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) or cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed first to compare the effects of zinc interventions dichotomized as low versus high dose (&lt;25 mg/d and ≥25 mg/d, respectively) and short versus long duration (&lt;12 wk and ≥12 wk, respectively) on risk factors for T2D and CVD. Second, it discusses the results from the low-dose and long-duration meta-analyses as a foundation for understanding what impact a zinc-biofortification intervention could have on these risk factors. The PubMed and Cochrane Review databases were searched through January 2020 for full-text, human studies providing zinc supplements (alone) at doses ≤75 mg/d and a placebo. Data on study and sample characteristics and several T2D and CVD risk factors were extracted. There were 1042 and 974 participants receiving zinc and placebo, respectively, from 27 studies. Low-dose zinc supplementation (&lt;25 mg/d) significantly benefited fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol. High-dose zinc supplementation (≥25 mg/d) benefited glycated hemoglobin and insulin resistance. Short-duration interventions (&lt;12 wk) benefited fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, and triglycerides, while long-duration studies (≥12 wk) benefited fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and total and LDL cholesterol. Effect sizes for low-dose and long-duration interventions were of equal or greater magnitude to those from high-dose or short-duration interventions. Low-dose and long-duration zinc supplementation each improved more risk factors for T2D and CVD than high-dose and short-duration interventions, respectively. It is currently unknown whether low doses of zinc delivered over long durations via a biofortified crop would similarly impact these risk factors. However, this review suggests that low-dose, long-duration zinc intake from supplements, and potentially biofortification, can benefit risk factors for T2D and CVD.

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic and Hepatorenal Effect of Ocimium gratissimium in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Igwe Gloria ◽  
Nsirim Nduka ◽  
G. Tamunoemine Davies ◽  
Brown Holy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Glucose Reduction

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease of public health concern which is caused by pancreatic defect in insulin secretion or failure of the receptor cells to effectively utilize secreted insulin. Diabetes account for 2-3% death in the poorest countries hence the need for alternative control measure. This stud evaluated the hypoglycemic and hepatorenal effect of Ocimium gratissimium and glibenclamide in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Twenty- four rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 4 animals in each group (1,2,3,4,5 & 6), groups 2,3,4,5 & 6 were induced diabetes intraperitoneally with 150 mg\kg alloxan (Sigma Ltd), diabetes was confirmed by fasting blood glucose of >10.0mmol/L. Groups 3,4,5 & 6 were subsequently treated with 400 mg/kg of extract, 5mg glibenclamide, 800 mg/kg of extract, 400 mg/kg extract combined with 5mg glibenclamide respectively. Blood glucose, hepatic function variables (Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), Total bilirubin (TB) and renal parameters Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Urea were analyzed. The result shows an increase in glucose, hepatic and renal parameters in diabetic induced groups which was significantly reduced in a dose dependent manner in the diabetic treated groups, the high dose of the extract (800mg/kg) was more effective in blood glucose reduction than the standard antidiabetic drug, (5mg glibenclamide). However, 5mg glibenclamide was found to be more effective in blood glucose reduction than the low dose (400mg/kg) extract, the combination of 5mg glibenclamide and 400mg/kg was found to be more effective in blood glucose reduction than the low dose extract. A significant increase was observed in the Total bilirubin and urea parameters of the high dose (800mg/kg) of the extract treated groups and in the combined group (400 mg/kg+5 mg glibenclamide). When compared to the low dose extract group(400mg/kg). Low dose ocimium gratissimium potentiates 5mg glibenclamide in blood glucose reduction. Ocimium gratissimium and glibenclamide decreased blood glucose and ameliorates alloxan induced hepatic and renal damage. The use of the high dose of the extract and the use of the combination of the drug (5mg glibenclamide) and the low dose of the extract in diabetes management may be detrimental to the liver and kidney according to this study.

scholarly journals Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Persea americana in High Fat Diet and Low Dose Streptozotocin Induced T2DM Male Albino Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ture Girma ◽  
Solomon Genet ◽  
Teka Obsa Obsa Feyisa ◽  
Abdissa Tufa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I

Abstract Background: Type II diabetes is a major health problem worldwide, and is increasing in an alarming rate globally and in Ethiopia due to change in dietary habits and sedentary life style. Even though there is no effective cure for diabetes, early control of blood glucose significantly reduces the risk of diabetic complications. Different types of ingredients present in medicinal plants that act on a variety of targets by various modes and mechanisms are used to treat diabetes with minimum cost and side effect. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the antidiabetic effect of Persea americana mill fruit juice in high fat diet (HFD) and low dose Streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic (T2DM) male albino Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty six male albino Wistar rats weighing form 150-200g were divided in into six different groups: group I (normal control); Group II (diabetic control); Group III (metformin control) and Group IV – Group VI (treatment groups). Group I was fed on standard pellet and group II – group VI were fed on HFD for 4 weeks to induce pre-diabetes and insulin resistance followed by low dose STZ injection to induce T2DM. The treatment groups (group IV, V and VI) were given 632 mg/Kg, 1264 mg/Kg and 1896 mg/Kg/day of Persea americana fruit juice for six weeks, respectively to compare with normal, diabetic and 7mg/Kg metformin treated groups. After forty-five days of treatment, the rats were fasted overnight (12 to 14 hours), anaesthetized and blood sample was collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical tests (fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, total protein and creatinine). The results were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. One way ANOVA followed by Post hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons were done to compare the mean differences among the experimental groups, and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: In high dose (1896 mg/Kg/day) Persea americana mill fruit juice treated group, food consumption, body weight, FBG, and LDL-C were significantly reduced and HDL-C was significantly increased (p < 0.005) compared with diabetic control group. Moderate dose (1264mg/Kg/day) treated group showed a decrease in FBG on 6th week and improve HDL-C levels. Treating the rats with Persea americana fruit juice changed TG, total protein and creatinine levels although not significant. Oral antidiabetes drug (metformin) significantly reduced pellet consumption, body weight, FBG and lipid profile.Conclusion: Overall, Persea americana mill fruit juice showed antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect particularly through reduction of fasting blood glucose, LDL-C and increasing HDL-C in T2DM induced rats, thus it can be helpful in reducing the risk of diabetic complications.

Sequoyitol ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in diabetic rats induced with a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-Wei Li ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Wei Hao ◽  
Jie-Ren Yang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat

Sequoyitol decreases blood glucose, improves glucose intolerance, and enhances insulin signaling in ob/ob mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sequoyitol on diabetic nephropathy in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the mechanism of action. Diabetic rats, induced with a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin, and were administered sequoyitol (12.5, 25.0, and 50.0 mg·(kg body mass)−1·d−1) for 6 weeks. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr) were measured. The expression levels of p22phox, p47phox, NF-κB, and TGF-β1 were measured using immunohistochemisty, real-time PCR, and (or) Western blot. The total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also determined. The results showed that sequoyitol significantly decreased FBG, BUN, and SCr levels, and increased the insulin levels in diabetic rats. The level of T-AOC was significantly increased, while ROS and MDA levels and the expression of p22phox, p47phox, NF-κB, and TGF-β1 were decreased with sequoyitol treatment both in vivo and in vitro. These results suggested that sequoyitol ameliorates the progression of diabetic nephropathy in rats, as induced by a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin, through its glucose-lowering effects, antioxidant activity, and regulation of TGF-β1 expression.

scholarly journals Profile of Blood Glucose and Insulin after Vitamin C and Vitamin E Supplementation on Active Teenagers

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.26) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Irfiansyah Irwadi ◽  
Hayuris Kinandita ◽  
Jamaluddin Mahmud ◽  
Lilik Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Moderate Dose ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: Antioxidants, such as vitamin C and vitamin E, is widely used as supplements. The aim of this study is to analyze the profile of blood glucose, serum insulin, and  HOMA in active teenagers after vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation.Methods: Subjects (14-16 y.o) consisted of 12 boys and 5 girls, divided into 3 groups: control (4 boys, 2 girls), ‘moderate dose’ of vitamin C and vitamin E combination group (5 boys, 1 girls), and ‘high dose’ of vitamin C and vitamin E combination group (3 boys, 2 girls). The treatment was given for 5 days. Vitamin C and vitamin E for ‘moderate dose’ was 500mg;  200IU, and for ‘high dose’ was 1000mg; 400IU. Fasting Blood Glucose (FGB) and 1 hour BG (1hr_BG), fasting serum insulin (FSI) and 1 hour SI (1hr_SI) was collected after treatment. We also calculated the HOMA-IR and HOMA-β.Result: There was no significant difference on FBG, 1hr_BG, FSI, 1hr_SI, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β (p≥ 0.05). However, mean FBG and 1hr_BG tended to be higher on the treatment groups. The control group had the lowest HOMA-IR and the highest HOMA-β.Conclusions: We suggest that the supplementation of vitamin C and vitamin E in active teenagers is not essential on glucose homeostasis.  

scholarly journals Omeprazole and PGC-Formulated Heparin Binding Epidermal Growth Factor Normalizes Fasting Blood Glucose and Suppresses Insulitis in Multiple Low Dose Streptozotocin Diabetes Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 2843-2854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo M. Castillo ◽  
Akiko Nishimoto-Ashfield ◽  
Aryamitra A. Banerjee ◽  
Jennifer A. Landolfi ◽  
Alexander V. Lyubimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetes ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Diabetes Model ◽  
Epidermal Growth

scholarly journals HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF ANDROGRAPHIS ECHIOIDES ON STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED EXPERIMENTAL RATS

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Mani Rupeshkumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection

The present study aims to study the hypoglycemic effect of methanol extract of Andrographisechioides (MEAE) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Hyperglycemia was induced in rats by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55 mg/kg bodyweight). Three days after STZ induction, the hyperglycemic rats were treated with MEAE orally at the doses of 200, 500, and 800 mg/kg body weight daily for 21 days. Glibenclamide (1 mg/kg, orally) was used as reference drug. The fasting blood glucose levels were measured on each 7th day during the 21 days of treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaf Extract Against Aluminium Chloride Induced Hippocampal Histology and Serum Enzyme activities in adult Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Nseabasi K. Adighije ◽  
Itohowo A. Ekerete ◽  
Moses Ekong
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Enzyme ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Deep Anaesthesia

Introduction: Aluminium, a ubiquitous metal implicated in some neurodegenerative diseases is linked to activation of free oxygen species. The antioxidant-rich plants, Moringa oleifera (MO) is reported to protect against Aluminium activities. This study investigated the actions of MO leaf extract (MOLE) against Aluminium chloride (AlCl3 )- induced hippocampal cellular changes and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in adult Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty Wistar rats weighing between 150 g and 220 g were grouped (n=5) into; 1-control (5 mL/kg distilled water), 2-AlCl3 (100 mg/kg), 3-low dose MOLE (250 mg/kg), 4-high dose MOLE (1,000 mg/kg), 5-concurrent AlCl3 and low dose MOLE, and 6-concurrent AlCl3 and high dose MOLE. All administrations were by oral gavages for 21 days. On day 22, following deep anaesthesia and cardiac puncture, blood was obtained for serum enzyme analysis, and the brain perfusion fixed, harvested and processed for histological study. Results: Results showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher ALP level in the AlCl3 group compared with the control, as well as the other test groups. However, there was no significant (p > 0.05) AST and ALT levels. The hippocampal CA3 of the AlCl3 group showed hypertrophic cells, with some of the cells having karyorrhectic features. The concurrent AlCl3 and low and high doses, MOLE groups showed less of these adverse features. Conclusion: These results suggest that MOLE may protect enzymatic activities against Aluminium chloride. However, its action on hippocampus is still subject to further investigation.

scholarly journals The supplementation effect of Red Dragon fruit’s skin extract on the fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles in male Wistar rats with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Stefani Marietta ◽  
AAG Budhiarta ◽  
I Wayan Weta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Mean Differences

Background: Flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, and vitamin-C contained in the Red Dragon fruit’s skin have a positive impact on glycemic control and lipid oxidation. This study aimed to determine the effect of Red Dragon fruit’s skin extract on reducing the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and improving the lipid profile of Wistar rats with diabetes and dyslipidemia. Methods: A randomized pre-test post-test control group experimental study was done on 22 male Wistar rats, aged 2-3 months that suffered from diabetes and dyslipidemia. Subjects were divided into the control group (given 2cc distilled water + 9 mg metformin) and the treatment group (given 160 mg red dragon fruit’s skin extract + 9 mg metformin) for 14 days. FBG and lipid profile measurements were done before and after the treatment. Data were analyzed using the compare mean test. Results: There was no significant mean difference of GDP between groups before (p=0.414) and after treatment (p=0.125), total cholesterol between groups before (p = 0.572) and after treatment (p=0.361), triglycerides between groups before (p=0.073) and after treatment (p=0.111). There was a significant mean difference of HDL between groups before (p=0.003) and after treatment (p=0.047), LDL between groups before (p=0.006) and after treatment (p=0.043). Although there were significant mean differences in HDL and LDL between groups before and after treatment, the pre-post treatment of HDL and LDL mean differences showed no significant mean difference (p=0.328 and p=0.704 consecutively). Conclusion: Red Dragon fruit’s skin extract treatment did not significantly reduce the mean FBG and lipid profile levels.

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