scholarly journals Escolha de modo no acesso terrestre a aeroportos considerando a confiabilidade do tempo de viagem

TRANSPORTES ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Bianchi Alves ◽  
Orlando Strambi
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Inertia Effects ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
The Individual

<p><strong>Resumo: </strong>O objetivo do trabalho é identificar variações sistemáticas da importância atribuída por viajantes aéreos aos fatores que influenciam a escolha de modo para acesso terrestre ao Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo. A análise utilizou dados de uma pesquisa de preferência declarada conduzida com residentes na região viajando para destinos internacionais. Os indivíduos ordenavam 4 alternativas: automóvel, táxi, ônibus expresso existente e um trem expresso proposto, descritas pelos atributos de custo, tempo esperado de viagem e confiabilidade do tempo de viagem, expressa através de uma margem de segurança. Modelos de escolha discreta foram estimados, considerando os efeitos de painel, aninhamento e de inércia. Os resultados indicaram que viajantes a negócios e de alta renda são menos sensíveis ao custo da viagem de acesso ao aeroporto. A importância da confiabilidade do tempo de viagem é maior do que a atribuída ao tempo esperado de viagem e não foi afetada por variações sistemáticas.</p><p><em>Palavras-chave: </em>valor de confiabilidade; acesso terrestre a aeroportos; escolha de modo; modelo logit misto; preferência declarada.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The paper analyses systematic variation of tastes and preferences of air travelers regarding the choice of mode for the ground access to the São Paulo International Airport. A stated preference survey was conducted with individuals traveling to international destinations. Each respondent ranked 4 alternatives: auto, taxi, the existing express bus, and a proposed express train. Attributes describing modes were travel cost, average travel time and travel time reliability, expressed as a safety margin – the time period allocated by the individual for arriving at the airport at the preferred time. Discrete mode choice models were estimated, considering panel, nesting and inertia effects. Results indicated that business and higher income travelers are less sensitive to access cost. The importance of the reliability of travel time is higher than the importance of average travel time and is not affected by systematic variations.</p><p><em>Keywords: </em>value of realibility; ground access to airport; modal choice; mixed logit model; stated preference.</p>

scholarly journals Disparities in travel times between car and transit: Spatiotemporal patterns in cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Liao ◽  
Jorge Gil ◽  
Rafael H. M. Pereira ◽  
Sonia Yeh ◽  
Vilhelm Verendel
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Car Use ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
Car Travel

AbstractCities worldwide are pursuing policies to reduce car use and prioritise public transit (PT) as a means to tackle congestion, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. The increase of PT ridership is constrained by many aspects; among them, travel time and the built environment are considered the most critical factors in the choice of travel mode. We propose a data fusion framework including real-time traffic data, transit data, and travel demand estimated using Twitter data to compare the travel time by car and PT in four cities (São Paulo, Brazil; Stockholm, Sweden; Sydney, Australia; and Amsterdam, the Netherlands) at high spatial and temporal resolutions. We use real-world data to make realistic estimates of travel time by car and by PT and compare their performance by time of day and by travel distance across cities. Our results suggest that using PT takes on average 1.4–2.6 times longer than driving a car. The share of area where travel time favours PT over car use is very small: 0.62% (0.65%), 0.44% (0.48%), 1.10% (1.22%) and 1.16% (1.19%) for the daily average (and during peak hours) for São Paulo, Sydney, Stockholm, and Amsterdam, respectively. The travel time disparity, as quantified by the travel time ratio $$R$$R (PT travel time divided by the car travel time), varies widely during an average weekday, by location and time of day. A systematic comparison between these two modes shows that the average travel time disparity is surprisingly similar across cities: $$R < 1$$R<1 for travel distances less than 3 km, then increases rapidly but quickly stabilises at around 2. This study contributes to providing a more realistic performance evaluation that helps future studies further explore what city characteristics as well as urban and transport policies make public transport more attractive, and to create a more sustainable future for cities.

Entre o mestre e o discípulo nas Migalhas Filosóficas: a existência educadora em Kierkegaard

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-174
Author(s):  
Fransmar Costa Lima
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Soren Kierkegaard ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Basic Point ◽  
The Individual

Resumo: O artigo que ora se apresenta é, na realidade, um pequeno ensaio que tem por finalidade indagar a importância da educação no pensamento de Søren Kierkegaard e investigar se, no âmbito da existência como possibilidade, uma educação voltada para a subjetividade se mostra efetiva diante dos debates acerca da liberdade e da singularidade do indivíduo. Pouco se debate sobre o conceito de educação em Kierkegaard, porém, acreditamos que se trata de um ponto basilar no pensamento do filósofo dinamarquês, conforme buscamos demonstrar, e deve ser objeto de maiores pesquisas, estudos e reflexões. Tomamos como referência para o início desse debate textos como as Migalhas Filosóficas e o Post-Scriptum, onde a subjetividade e a singularidade aparecem como conceitos fundamentais.Palavras-chave: Educação. Existência. Singularidade. Subjetividade. Kierkegaard. Abstract: The present article is, in fact, a small essay whose purpose is to investigate the importance of education in Søren Kierkegaard's thinking and to investigate whether, in the scope of existence as a possibility, an education focused on subjectivity is effective before the debates about the freedom and the singularity of the individual. There is little debate about the concept of education in Kierkegaard, but we believe that this is a basic point in the thinking of the Danish philosopher, as we seek to demonstrate, and should be the object of further research, study and reflection. We take as reference for the beginning of this debate texts such as the Philosophical Fragments and the Post-Scriptum, where subjectivity and singularity appear as fundamental concepts.Keywords: Education. Existence. Uniqueness. Subjectivity. Kierkegaard. REFERÊNCIASALMEIDA, J.M A alteridade na construção da ética de Kierkegaard e Lévinas. In:  Revista Controvérsia - Vol. 6, n° 1: 36-45 (jan-mai 2010), São Leopoldo: UNISINOS, 2010.KIERKEGAARD, Søren. Diario: 1847-1848, Vol. 4. 3ª ed. A cura di Cornelio Fabro. Brescia: Morcelliana, 1980. (D 4)._______. Opere. Sansoni Editore. Milano: 1993._______. Postilla Conclusiva no Scientifica alle Briciole di Filosofia. In: Opere. Tradução e organização de Cornélio Fabro. Sansoni Editore: Milano, 1993._______. As obras do amor: algumas considerações cristãs em forma de discurso. Tradução de Álvaro Valls. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2005._______. Três Discursos Edificantes de 1843. Tradução de Henri Nicolay Levinspuhl.  Publicação do Tradutor. Rio de Janeiro:  2000.KIERKEGAARD, Søren. Migalhas filosóficas ou um bocadinho de filosofia de João Climacus. Tradução de Álvaro Valls, e Ernani Reichmann. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2001._______. O conceito de Ironia: constantemente referido à Sócrates. Tradução de Álvaro Valls, e Ernani Reichmann. Vozes: Rio de Janeiro, 1997._______. Johannes Climacus ou É preciso duvidar de tudo. Tradução Silvia Saviano Sampaio e Álvaro Valls. Martins Fontes: São Paulo, 2003._______. Diário Íntimo. Tradução de Maria Angélica Bosco. Santiago Rueda: Buenos Aires, 1989MARTINS, J.S.; VALLS, A. L. M. (orgs.). Kierkegaard no nosso tempo. Nova Harmonia: São Leopoldo: 2010. 

scholarly journals Mapeamento e avaliação da produção científica da Universidade de São Paulo com foco na estrutura e dinâmica de suas redes de colaboração científica │Proposal of a methodology for mapping and evaluating the University of São Paulo’s scientific production

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton Lopes Martins ◽  
Sueli Mara Soares Pinto Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Collaboration ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Collaboration Networks ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Causal Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University

Resumo O entendimento das causas e as principais razões que influenciam o modo como os pesquisadores se articulam e constroem suas redes de colaboração científica ainda é uma questão em aberto na pesquisa acadêmica. De fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento de novos indicadores e modos de avaliação da produção científica, o conceito de redes sociais permite operar novos planos de análise, contribuindo com seus aspectos estruturais e dinâmicos ao estudo dos mecanismos e gatilhos causais que levam à constituição dessas redes de colaboração científica. A obtenção de atributos individuais dos pesquisadores, de dados de constituição das redes ao longo do tempo e o modo de desambiguação dos nomes que compõem essas redes de colaboração têm se mostrado os principais desafios de estudos das redes. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever como concebemos uma maneira de estudar as redes de colaboração de uma universidade, com foco específico na Universidade de São Paulo, identificando suas principais estratégias de conectividade e mecanismos causais, além de encontrar as relações entre suas redes e diferentes níveis de produtividade científica de seus participantes. Vale frisar que o artigo apenas descreve as questões da pesquisa e o modo de tratá-las, ficando sua execução para os próximos passos deste trabalho de pesquisa. Para tanto, pretende utilizar como base de análise uma Biblioteca de Produção Científica Institucional em desenvolvimento pelo SiBi/USP, que coleta os artigos publicados por membros da universidade em bases de dados de indexação de revistas nacionais e internacionais, tais como Scielo, Web of Science e BioMed, além da utilização da base de dados institucional para obtenção dos atributos individuais dos pesquisadores participantes dessas redes de colaboração.Palavras-chave análise de redes sociais, indicadores, cientometria, modelos causais.Abstract The understanding of the causes that influence how researchers articulate and build their scientific collaboration networks is still an open question in academic research. Of fundamental importance for the development of new indicators and methods of evaluation of scientific literature, the concept of social networking helps operate new levels of analysis, contributing their structural and dynamic aspects to the study of causal mechanisms and triggers that lead to the formation of these networks of scientific collaboration. Obtaining attributes of individual researchers, data on the constitution of networks over time and mode of disambiguation of the names that make up these collaboration networks have been the main challenges in the area of research networks. The purpose of this article is to describe how we designed a way to study a university’s collaboration networks, focusing on the University of São Paulo, and identifying their key strategies, connectivity and causal mechanisms, as well as finding links between their networks and different levels of participants’ productivity. It should be noted that this article only describes the research questions and how to treat them, leaving their implementation to the next steps of this research. The database used for analysis was the Institutional Scientific Production being developed by Sibi/USP, which collects articles published by members of the university indexed in national and international databases such as Scielo, Web of Science and BioMed, as well as an institutional database to obtain the individual attributes of the researchers participating in these networks.Keywords social network analysis, indicators, scientometrics, causal model

Quantifying the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Passenger Vehicle Drivers’ Willingness to Pay for Travel Time Savings and Reliability

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110388
Author(s):  
Tristan Cherry ◽  
Mark Fowler ◽  
Claire Goldhammer ◽  
Jeong Yun Kweun ◽  
Thomas Sherman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally disrupted travel behavior and consumer preferences. To slow the spread of the virus, public health officials and state and local governments issued stay-at-home orders and, among other actions, closed nonessential businesses and educational facilities. The resulting recessionary effects have been particularly acute for U.S. toll roads, with an observed year-over-year decline in traffic and revenue of 50% to 90% in April and May 2020. These disruptions have also led to changes in the types of trip that travelers make and their frequency, their choice of travel mode, and their willingness to pay tolls for travel time savings and travel time reliability. This paper describes the results of travel behavior research conducted on behalf of the Virginia Department of Transportation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the National Capital Region of Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Northern Virginia. The research included a stated preference survey to estimate travelers’ willingness to pay for travel time savings and travel time reliability, to support forecasts of traffic and revenue for existing and proposed toll corridors. The survey collected data between December 2019 and June 2020. A comparison of the data collected before and during the pandemic shows widespread changes in travel behavior and a reduction in willingness to pay for travel time savings and travel time reliability across all traveler types, particularly for drivers making trips to or from work. These findings have significant implications for the return of travelers to toll corridors in the region and future forecasts of traffic and revenue.

scholarly journals Determinants of the use of health care services: multilevel analysis in the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Dias Porto Chiavegatto Filho ◽  
Yuan-Pang Wang ◽  
Ana Maria Malik ◽  
Julia Takaoka ◽  
Maria Carmen Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Contextual Determinants ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Use Of Health Care

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the individual and contextual determinants of the use of health care services in the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo.METHODS Data from the Sao Paulo Megacity study – the Brazilian version of the World Mental Health Survey multicenter study – were used. A total of 3,588 adults living in 69 neighborhoods in the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, SP, Southeastern Brazil, including 38 municipalities and 31 neighboring districts, were selected using multistratified sampling of the non-institutionalized population. Multilevel Bayesian logistic models were adjusted to identify the individual and contextual determinants of the use of health care services in the past 12 months and presence of a regular physician for routine care.RESULTS The contextual characteristics of the place of residence (income inequality, violence, and median income) showed no significant correlation (p > 0.05) with the use of health care services or with the presence of a regular physician for routine care. The only exception was the negative correlation between living in areas with high income inequality and presence of a regular physician (OR: 0.77; 95%CI 0.60;0.99) after controlling for individual characteristics. The study revealed a strong and consistent correlation between individual characteristics (mainly education and possession of health insurance), use of health care services, and presence of a regular physician. Presence of chronic and mental illnesses was strongly correlated with the use of health care services in the past year (regardless of the individual characteristics) but not with the presence of a regular physician.CONCLUSIONS Individual characteristics including higher education and possession of health insurance were important determinants of the use of health care services in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo. A better understanding of these determinants is essential for the development of public policies that promote equitable use of health care services.

scholarly journals Travel Time Reliability for Urban Networks: Modelling and Empirics

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Zheng ◽  
Xiaobo Liu ◽  
Henk van Zuylen ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Chao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Network Traffic ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Network Density ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Time Rate ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Average Travel Time

The importance of travel time reliability in traffic management, control, and network design has received a lot of attention in the past decade. In this paper, a network travel time distribution model based on the Johnson curve system is proposed. The model is applied to field travel time data collected by Automated Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) cameras. We further investigate the network-level travel time reliability by connecting the network reliability measures such as the weighted standard deviation of travel time rate and the weighted skewness of travel time rate distributions with network traffic characteristics (e.g., the network density). The weighting is done with respect to the number of signalized intersections on a trip. A clear linear relation between the weighted average travel time rate and the weighted standard deviation of travel time rate can be observed for different time periods with time-varying demand. Furthermore, both the weighted average travel time rate and the weighted standard deviation of travel time rate increase monotonically with network density. The empirical findings of the relation between network travel time reliability and network traffic characteristics can be possibly applied to assess traffic management and control measures to improve network travel time reliability.

The Armenian Renaissance in Brazil

1996 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Grün
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Shoe Industry ◽  
Armenian Identity ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual

The “Armenian renaissance” in Brazil is a process of the simultaneous establishment of a network of community entities, the diffusion of the Armenian language and religion, and the creation of a nucleus of entrepreneurs of Armenian origin in the shoe industry in São Paulo. My central argument is that not one of these three processes can be understood in isolation, since the economic activities only exist when rooted in a cultural substrate which gives them meaning. The production of Armenian identity on Brazilian soil is a collective project, where each individual included in the identification of “Armenian” has an interest in being included—an interest inextricably emotive, cultural, religious and economic—in the collectivity of the Brazilian Armenian community. The convergence of the individual interests of the “average” Armenian with those of the diverse leadership of the community, who extract their strength precisely from their position as spokesmen, provides the elements for the “production of identities.”

scholarly journals SISTEMA DE MEDIÇÃO INDIVIDUALIZADA DE ÁGUA: ESTUDO DE CASO DE EDIFÍCIO COMERCIAL EM SÃO PAULO

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Cattapreta Lima ◽  
Juliana Keiko Yamaguchi ◽  
Lika Livia Kussaba ◽  
Armando Traini Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

RESUMO: Este artigo utiliza para seu desenvolvimento dados reais coletados da observação de um Sistema de Medição Individualizada (SMI) de água de um edifício comercial situado em São Paulo – SP e, apresenta como objetivos um estudo da redução de consumo resultante da instalação do SMI e um levantamento a respeito das vantagens e desvantagens da sua utilização em edifícios. O SMI consiste na instalação de um medidor em cada unidade habitacional a fim de contabilizar individualmente o consumo de água, energia, gás e outros insumos ou serviços, salvo a porção utilizada nas áreas comuns do edifício, que continua sendo rateada entre os condôminos. Dessa maneira, permite uma cobrança mais justa e o surgimento de um pensamento voltado para um uso mais racional e, consequentemente mais sustentável, induzido pelo maior controle dos gastos, por parte dos consumidores, referente ao item medido. Os resultados obtidos no estudo de caso apontaram para um uso mais racional, proveniente da melhor gestão de consumo de água, possibilitada pela instalação do SMI. Como principal contribuição, este artigo apresenta um panorama geral e simples do SMI de água, atentando para as principais vantagens de sua instalação em ambientes comerciais. ABSTRACT: This article uses for its development actual data collected from the observation of a Water Individualized Measurement System (W-IMS) of a commercial building located in São Paulo - SP, and aims at achieving a system performance study and also a survey of the main advantages and disadvantages of using an W-IMS in buildings. The SMI consists of installing a meter on each housing unit to enable the individual metering of water, energy, gas and other supplies or services consumption, except the portion used in the common areas of the building, which remains divided among all building residents. The W-IMS allows a fairer charging for water consumption, and encourages the emergence of a more sustainable thinking, focused to a water rational use, induced by the consumer’s spending control. The results of the case study point to a more rational use of water from its better consumption management, made possible by the IMS facilities. Finally, the main contribution of this paper is to present an simplified overview about W-IMS, paying attention on its design details and the advantages of its installation in commercial built-up environments.

scholarly journals Origin-Destination-Based Travel Time Reliability under Different Rainfall Intensities: An Investigation Using Open-Source Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Hongchao Liu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Yibin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
The Impact

Origin-destination- (O-D-) based travel time reliability (TTR) is fundamental to next-generation navigation tools aiming to provide both travel time and reliability information. While previous works are mostly focused on route-based TTR and use either ad hoc data or simulation in the analyses, this study uses open-source Uber Movement and Weather Underground data to systematically analyze the impact of rainfall intensity on O-D-based travel time reliability. The authors classified three years of travel time data in downtown Boston into one hundred origin-destination pairs and integrated them with the weather data (rain). A lognormal mixture model was applied to fit travel time distributions and calculate the buffer index. The median, trimmed mean, interquartile range, and one-way analysis of variance were used for quantification of the characteristics. The study found some results that tended to agree with the previous findings in the literature, such that, in general, rain reduces the O-D-based travel time reliability, and some seemed to be unique and worthy of discussion: firstly, although in general the reduction in travel time reliability gets larger as the intensity of rainfall increases, it appears that the change is more significant when rainfall intensity changes from light to moderate but becomes fairly marginal when it changes from normal to light or from moderate to extremely intensive; secondly, regardless of normal or rainy weather, the O-D-based travel time reliability and its consistency in different O-D pairs with similar average travel time always tend to improve along with the increase of average travel time. In addition to the technical findings, this study also contributes to the state of the art by promoting the application of real-world and publicly available data in TTR analyses.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ELDERLY MOBILITY BASED ON TRANSIT CARD DATA IN SEOUL

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Young Song ◽  
Jin Ki Eom ◽  
Sung Il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Elderly Mobility ◽  
Bus Travel Time ◽  
Metro System

We analyzed the travel patterns of senior citizens in Seoul using Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) data. We focused specifically on mode choices and transfer patterns. Results showed that 99% of trips made by senior citizens (individuals over 65 years old), who were given free subway transit passes, consisted of single-mode trips. Average travel time was 31 minutes, and subway travel times were longer than bus travel times. Individuals made fewer transfers, took longer metro trips, and paid smaller fares when using their free subway transit cards. They were more negatively sensitive to bus travel time than metro travel time. Encouraging older adult travelers to use transfers that increase costs to a modest extent might help improve travel quality among a group of individuals who find it difficult to enter the metro system or who are uncomfortable making inter-metro transfers. Additionally, as older adults have more time, yet are economically disadvantaged and take more leisure trips, travel improvements could include adopting a time-flexible fare discount. We discuss these improvements in terms of the individual and social benefits afforded to transit passengers in South Korea.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document