scholarly journals Adolescents’ Perceptions of Gender Discrimination in India: Do Perceptions Differ for Boys and Girls?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitasha Chaudhary Nagaraj ◽  
Nitasha Chaudhary Nagaraj ◽  
Amita Vyas ◽  
Amita Vyas ◽  
Megan Landry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gender Inequity ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Made In

Despite the gains India has made in recent decades, it remains a country with vast gender inequities. Gender sensitization and empowerment programs aimed at young people, precisely at the time when they are forming their gender attitudes, has the potential to diminish gender inequity in the long-term. This study represents data from 36 qualitative in-depth interviews conducted amongst adolescent boys and girls enrolled in grade 7 in northern India, in schools that serve under-resourced communities. The interviews asked questions related to positive youth development, gender roles, violence, and locus of control. The results of the qualitative analysis provide insights into how adolescents perceive gender discrimination in their families and communnites. The majority of expectations for boys revolved around physical labor, while, for girls, gender roles were primarily focused on stopping education early to get married and take care of the household and children. Many of the responses from both boys and girls on privileges/restrictions were related to daughters not being fully educated while sons often were. Furthermore, when comparing between boys and girls (attributes) and understanding superiority, many participants noted there is a clear preference of boys compared to girls. Girls also had higher proportion of violence codes compared to boys, perhaps because many girls felt they were hit more frequently than boys. The results of this qualitative analysis provide direction for both future research as well as the development of gender sensitization interventions specifically designed for adolescents.

scholarly journals Developing Recommendations for Cumulative Endpoints and Lifetime Use for Research Animals

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2031
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Nunamaker ◽  
Shawn Davis ◽  
Carly I. O’Malley ◽  
Patricia V. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Scientific Advancement ◽  
Institutional Strategies ◽  
Made In ◽  
Use Of Research

Research animals are important for scientific advancement, and therefore, their long-term welfare needs to be monitored to not only minimize suffering, but to provide positive affective states and experiences. Currently, there is limited guidance in countries around the world on cumulative and experimental endpoints. This paper aims to explore current opinions and institutional strategies regarding cumulative use and endpoints through a scoping survey and review of current regulations and welfare assessment tools, and ultimately to provide recommendations for assessment of cumulative and lifetime use of research animals. The survey found that only 36% of respondents indicated that their institution had cumulative use endpoint policies in place, but these policies may be informal and/or vary by species. Most respondents supported more specific guidelines but expressed concerns about formal policies that may limit their ability to make case-by-case decisions. The wide diversity in how research animals are used makes it difficult for specific policies to be implemented. Endpoint decisions should be made in an objective manner using standardized welfare assessment tools. Future research should focus on robust, efficient welfare assessment tools that can be used to support planning and recommendations for cumulative endpoints and lifetime use of research and teaching animals.

Job crafting in het speciaal onderwijs: een kwalitatieve analyse

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica van Wingerden ◽  
Daantje Derks ◽  
Arnold B. Bakker ◽  
Luc Dorenbosch
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Job Resources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Job Fit ◽  
Speciaal Onderwijs ◽  
Qualitative Process Evaluation ◽  
Depth Interviews

Job crafting in schools for special education: a qualitative analysis Job crafting in schools for special education: a qualitative analysis In this article we discuss the design and qualitative (process) evaluation of a job crafting intervention among employees at three Dutch schools for special education. In a period of 1.5 months, fifty employees participated in a group-based training intervention that addressed individual’s job crafting activities aimed at improving individual’s person-job fit by either lowering job demands or adding job resources and challenges. Through self-evaluations of the success of their job crafting actions and in-depth interviews, successful job crafters reported that they gained a better sense of control over their work and experienced reduced workload. Participants that were unsuccessful in crafting their job, emphasized the importance of the school’s support to deal with the effects of unsuccessful job crafting actions. The article ends with a discussion and recommendations for future research on job crafting interventions.

scholarly journals A Migration Project in Retrospect: The Case of the Ageing Zero Generation in Emirdağ

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-269
Author(s):  
Christiane Timmerman ◽  
Meia Walravens ◽  
Joris Michielsen ◽  
Nevriye Acar ◽  
Lore Van Praag
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Family Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Zero Generation ◽  
Family Elders ◽  
Depth Interviews

In the twentieth century, Emirdağ (Turkey) witnessed extensive emigration and is now home to the ‘zero generation’: a group of elderly people who stayed behind when their children moved abroad. We investigate how these elderly people, with at least one child who left the country, evaluate their situation as they have grown older. Using fieldwork observations and in-depth interviews, we found that this group mainly associated the migration of their offspring with loneliness and exclusion from society, due to separation from their children and changes in the traditional family culture. The respondents clearly note a shift in the social position of family elders in Turkish culture, from highly respected to being ignored and looked down upon. While this change in status might be experienced by all elderly inhabitants of the region, feelings of distress were reinforced by an emerging discourse which suggests the migration project is a failed enterprise. The constraints their children experience in the immigrant country have led the zero generation to rely less on them and become more dependent on their own resources. Future research on ageing, migration and transnational care should focus on the different ways in which migration systems evolve, and the long-term effects on social inclusion of all generations.

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ENTREPRENEURIAL RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE FRANCHISE CONTEXT

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 1450026 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM R. MEEK ◽  
DIANE M. SULLIVAN ◽  
JOHN MUELLER
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Interpersonal Justice ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Potential Barriers

This study examines how entrepreneurial relationship variables such as trust, conflict, interpersonal justice (IJ) and satisfaction differ among a group of male and female franchisees. Results suggest differences exist between these two groups in relation to conflict, IJ and trust with their franchisor. These results are consistent with research on feminine gender roles and research that suggests female entrepreneurs are more relationship oriented throughout the entrepreneurial process. The results further make a case for the importance of empirically examining different entrepreneurial relationship variables in future research on gender and entrepreneurship, and illustrate the power of the franchising business model in breaking down potential barriers of gender discrimination for female entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals Women with Diabetes—Two Specifications Mean Double Trouble

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Sana Ajmal ◽  
Anum Anwar ◽  
Annum Khan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

Gender inequality is a highly discussed and topical issue throughout the world at present. Women in developing countries are particularly vulnerable to gender discrimination, especially women living with chronic illness. This commentary piece discusses the discriminaton issues faced by women with type 1 diabetes in the developing world as they try to conform to the gender roles expected of them whilst managing their diabetes, and changes that could be made in the future.

A Qualitative Analysis of Catastrophic Performances and the Associated Thoughts, Feelings, and Emotions

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Edwards ◽  
Lew Hardy ◽  
Kieran Kingston ◽  
Dan Gould
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Continuous Path ◽  
Catastrophe Model ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Substantial Drop ◽  
A Performance

Structured in-depth interviews explored the catastrophic experiences of eight elite performers. Participants responded to questions concerning an event in which they felt they had experienced an uncharacteristic but very noticeable drop in their performance, a “performance catastrophe.” Inductive and deductive analyses were employed to provide a clear representation of the data. This paper reports on how the dimensions emerging from the hierarchical content analysis changed from prior to the catastrophic drop in performance, during the drop, and after the drop (in terms of any recovery). Two emerging higher order dimensions, “sudden, substantial drop in performance” and “performance continued to deteriorate” provide support for one of the fundamental underpinnings of the catastrophe model (Hardy, 1990, 1996a, 1996b); that is, performance decrements do not follow a smooth and continuous path. The paper examines the implications of the findings with respect to applied practice and future research.

scholarly journals Oncologists' Communication About Uncertain Information in Second Opinion Consultations: A Focused Qualitative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. van Someren ◽  
Vicky Lehmann ◽  
Jacqueline M. Stouthard ◽  
Anne M. Stiggelbout ◽  
Ellen M. A. Smets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Medical Oncology ◽  
Second Opinion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Uncertain Information ◽  
Medical Decisions ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
Guidance Needs ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction: Uncertainty is omnipresent in cancer care, including the ambiguity of diagnostic tests, efficacy and side effects of treatments, and/or patients' long-term prognosis. During second opinion consultations, uncertainty may be particularly tangible: doubts and uncertainty may drive patients to seek more information and request a second opinion, whereas the second opinion in turn may also affect patients' level of uncertainty. Providers are tasked to clearly discuss all of these uncertainties with patients who may feel overwhelmed by it. The aim of this study was to explore how oncologists communicate about uncertainty during second opinion consultations in medical oncology.Methods: We performed a secondary qualitative analysis of audio-recorded consultations collected in a prospective study among cancer patients (N = 69) who sought a second opinion in medical oncology. We purposively selected 12 audio-recorded second opinion consultations. Any communication about uncertainty by the oncologist was double coded by two researchers and an inductive analytic approach was chosen to allow for novel insights to arise.Results: Seven approaches in which oncologists conveyed or addressed uncertainty were identified: (1) specifying the degree of uncertainty, (2) explaining reasons of uncertainty, (3) providing personalized estimates of uncertainty to patients, (4) downplaying or magnifying uncertainty, (5) reducing or counterbalancing uncertainty, and (6) providing support to facilitate patients in coping with uncertainty. Moreover, oncologists varied in their (7) choice of words/language to convey uncertainty (i.e., “I” vs. “we”; level of explicitness).Discussion: This study identified various approaches of how oncologists communicated uncertain issues during second opinion consultations. These different approaches could affect patients' perception of uncertainty, emotions provoked by it, and possibly even patients' behavior. For example, by minimizing uncertainty, oncologists may (un)consciously steer patients toward specific medical decisions). Future research is needed to examine how these different ways of communicating about uncertainty affect patients. This could also facilitate a discussion about the desirability of certain communication strategies. Eventually, practical and evidence-based guidance needs to be developed for clinicians to optimally inform patients about uncertain issues and support patients in dealing with these.

scholarly journals Photoplethysmography in Normal and Pathological Sleep

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2928
Author(s):  
Ramona S. Vulcan ◽  
Stephanie André ◽  
Marie Bruyneel
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders ◽  
Contact Sensor ◽  
Signal Acquisition And Processing ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Made In

This article presents an overview of the advancements that have been made in the use of photoplethysmography (PPG) for unobtrusive sleep studies. PPG is included in the quickly evolving and very popular landscape of wearables but has specific interesting properties, particularly the ability to capture the modulation of the autonomic nervous system during sleep. Recent advances have been made in PPG signal acquisition and processing, including coupling it with accelerometry in order to construct hypnograms in normal and pathologic sleep and also to detect sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The limitations of PPG (e.g., oxymetry signal failure, motion artefacts, signal processing) are reviewed as well as technical solutions to overcome these issues. The potential medical applications of PPG are numerous, including home-based detection of SDB (for triage purposes), and long-term monitoring of insomnia, circadian rhythm sleep disorders (to assess treatment effects), and treated SDB (to ensure disease control). New contact sensor combinations to improve future wearables seem promising, particularly tools that allow for the assessment of brain activity. In this way, in-ear EEG combined with PPG and actigraphy could be an interesting focus for future research.

Revisiting the patient–physician relationship under the lens of value co-creation and defensive medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Riotta ◽  
Manfredi Bruccoleri
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Defensive Medicine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Physician Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThis study formulates a new archetypical model that describes and re-interprets the patient–physician relationship from the perspective of two widespread phenomena in the healthcare delivery process: value co-creation (VCC) and defensive medicine (DM).Design/methodology/approachGrounded in the existing literature on VCC and DM, the authors designed and conducted 20 in-depth interviews with doctors (and patients) about their past relationships with patients (and doctors). After putting the recorded interviews through qualitative analysis with a three-level coding activity, the authors built an empirically informed model to classify patient–physician relationships.FindingsThe authors identified four archetypes of patient–physician relationships. Each archetype is described along with its representing characteristics and explained in terms of its consequences as they relate to VCC and DM.Research limitations/implicationsThis research contributes to the literature on both VCC in healthcare and DM, in addition to the patient–physician's relationship literature.Practical implicationsBeing aware of patient–physician relationship mechanics, building long-term relations with patients and investing in service personalization and patient-centred care can effectively mitigate the risks of DM behaviours on one side while increasing the likelihood of VCC actualization on the other.Originality/valueAlthough strictly linked to the interactions between patients and doctors, VCC and DM are typically considered disentangled. In this research paper, the authors identified four archetypes of patient–physician relationships in relation to these two phenomena.

Khaps in Haryana, Gender and Honour: A Field Study

Social Change ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004908572110135
Author(s):  
Nirmala Devi ◽  
Aditya Parihar
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
First Century ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Community Organisation ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Made In

In the past, harmonious relations existed between villages and neighbouring localities largely because of the regulatory function of khaps, a community organisation representing a clan or a group of related clans, found mostly in northern India, especially in Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. The members of these khaps have always wielded enormous economic, social and political power. Made up of comparatively rich and elderly men, their orthodox views have found place in their regressive diktats. Day-to-day issues and problems are referred to these elected bodies which give their rulings. The present study looks at why progressive and modern ideologies are still being successfully resisted by communities despite an effort being made in this direction. The study also explores elements of continuity and changes seen within khaps. Based on extensive fieldwork, which includes in-depth interviews along with focussed group discussions conducted in 20 villages in the so-called khap belt of Haryana, the article seeks to understand the mindset of the members of khaps and the society they represent and how patriarchal thinking still is accepted and is relevant in twenty-first century India.

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