scholarly journals The Potential of Bioactive Compound Moringa Leaf to Improve Rabbit Reproductive Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Setiasih Setiasih ◽  
Ahmad Mualif Abdurrahman ◽  
Hendrawan Soetanto
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Feed Material ◽  
Daily Gain

<p class="awabstrak2">Moringa leaf is a potential animal feed material because it has a complete nutrient content as well as many bioactive compounds. Among its bioactive compounds are phytosterols and isoflavones. This paper aims to describe the importance of moringa leaf as feed supplementation to improve rabbit reproductive performance. The bioactive compounds in moringa leaf  have an important role  to trigger  reproductive hormones.. Phytosterols have a chemical structure similar to that of cholesterol that can be used as precursors of steroid hormones (testosterone, estradiol and progesterone). Isoflavones are one  of the flavonoid compounds, also have  estrogenic activity and are able to bind with estrogen receptors i.e. ER-α and ER-β. Because of these bioactive compounds, moringa leaves are potential to  be utilized as feed supplements as aphrodisiac for bucks, stimulating estrous, and increasing litter size and milk production of does, reduce mortality and increase weaning weight and average daily gain of bunnies.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of Fumonisin-Contaminated Corn on Growth Performance of 9 to 28 kg Nursery Pigs

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Zhong-Xing Rao ◽  
Mike D. Tokach ◽  
Jason C. Woodworth ◽  
Joel M. DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D. Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Fumonisin contamination in corn is an emerging issue in animal feed production. Fumonisin disrupts the metabolism of sphingolipids and reduces growth performance. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding fumonisin-contaminated corn on growth performance and sphinganine (SA) to sphingosine (SO) ratios of 9 to 28 kg pigs. A total of 350 pigs, were used with 5 pigs/pen and 14 pens/treatment. Dietary treatments contained fumonisin-contaminated corn (50 mg/kg of fumonisin B1 + B2) blended with low fumonisin corn (10 mg/kg of fumonisin B1 + B2) to provide dietary fumonisin concentrations of 7.2, 14.7, 21.9, 32.7, and 35.1 mg/kg. From day 0 to 28, increasing fumonisin concentration decreased (linear, p < 0.001) average daily gain, average daily feed intake (linear, p = 0.055), and gain:feed ratio (linear, p = 0.016). Although these response criteria tested linear, the greatest reduction in performance was in pigs fed with 32.7 and 35.1 mg/kg of fumonisin (B1 + B2). Increasing fumonisin concentration increased the serum SA:SO ratio (linear, p < 0.001) on day 14 and 28. In summary, for 9 to 28 kg nursery pigs, increasing fumonisin linearly decreased average daily gain and gain:feed ratio. However, despite the linear response, diets containing up to 21.9 mg/kg of fumonisin did not have as dramatic a decrease in growth performance as those fed more than 32.7 mg/kg. Further research is warranted to determine the effect of fumonisin concentrations between 21.9 and 32.7 mg/kg.

scholarly journals Effect of Diet on Replacement Beef Heifer Growth and Reproductive Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Janice G. P. Bowman ◽  
Bok F. Sowell
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Roller Mill ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Beef Heifer ◽  
Daily Gain

One hundred-one crossbred beef heifers (average weight 256.1 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of diet during an 84-day period, on growth and reproductive performance. The four treatments were: 1) grass hay; 2) grass hay + 0.9 kg/day barley; 3) grass hay + 1.8 kg/day barley; and 4) alfalfa hay. Heifers were assigned randomly to 12 pens by weight (three pens/treatment). Prior to feeding, barley was cracked through a roller-mill. Heifers consuming alfalfa hay or grass hay + 1.8 kg barley gained 39% faster (0.68 and 0.74 kg/day, respectively; P = 0.01) than heifers consuming grass hay alone (0.51 kg/day). Heifers consuming grass hay + 0.9 kg barley were intermediate in average daily gain (ADG; 0.63 kg/day). Hay intake was 16% greater (P < 0.10) by heifers consuming alfalfa hay, grass hay, and grass hay + 0.9 kg barley compared with those consuming grass hay + 1.8 kg barley (average 8.1 vs 7.0 kg/day). Using costs (USD) of $0.066/kg, $0.099/kg, and $0.0935/kg for grass hay, alfalfa hay, and barley, respectively, feed cost/day was greatest (P < 0.01) for alfalfa hay ($0.81/day), intermediate for the grass hay + barley diets (average $0.63/day), and lowest for grass hay ($0.53/day). Cost/kg gain was less (P < 0.10) for grass hay + 1.8 kg barley compared with alfalfa hay. No diet differences (P > 0.70) were found in reproductive performance of the heifers. Feeding replacement heifers alfalfa hay resulted in performance equivalent to feeding grass hay + 1.8 kg barley, but the alfalfa hay diet had a higher cost.

scholarly journals Influences of environment on the development and lifetime reproductive performance in domestic rabbit females

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Savietto ◽  
E. Martínez-Paredes ◽  
J.J. Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Daily Gain

<p class="MDPI18keywords">Environmental insults of different nature and intensity, such as fluctuation in the air temperature, which can affect access to food, its quality and diseases, are a reality in any livestock system. This is much more important when the insults occur in early life, conditioning the development and adult life of animals. In ecology, for instance, it is widely accepted that high quality offspring are more reactive against predators, occupy better territories and find more mates, resulting in longer lives and greater fitness. It is also a given that adults exposed to famine or disease as juveniles have shorter lives and produce fewer offspring. To determine whether the environment influences the development and lifetime reproductive performance of rabbit females, we designed an experiment combining two factors: nest and pubescent development. Nest development was measured by recording the average daily gain of 864 females during suckling and during their pubescent life (63 to 184 d old), and body development was conditioned by providing animals a high-energy control (C) or a fibre-rich (F) diet. However, in the course of the study, 191 of the 864 pubescent females were exposed to rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD). This unexpected environmental insult was considered as a third experimental factor influencing the reproductive performance of rabbit females. Contrary to expectation, fast suckling gain impairs reproductive lifespan, resulting in fewer newborn kits produced in a female lifetime. Although females on diet F lived 37 d longer than females on diet C, this difference was only perceived in their pubescent life. In addition, the exposure to RHD interacted with suckling gain (SG). Exposed females with a fast SG produced more kits as adults, but in the absence of the virus, high SG females produced fewer newborn kits. These results open new insights into the management of future breeders during nesting and pubescent life.</p>

The effect of deworming naturally infected heifers on liveweight gain, reproductive performance and fecal egg counts

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293
Author(s):  
S. L. Boyles ◽  
L. J. Johnson ◽  
W. D. Slanger ◽  
B. J. Kreft ◽  
J. D. Kirsch
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Fecal Sample ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age At Puberty ◽  
Daily Gain

Twenty-six of 52 heifers with an average liveweight of 318 kg were dewormed by intraruminal injection of oxfendazole and placed in drylot on 31 January. The other 26 animals served as controls. All heifers were pastured starting on 14 June and the treatment heifers were dewormed in the same manner as at the start of the experiment (31 January) on 1 July and 31 July. The groups started out with similar total worm eggs per gram of fecal sample, but the dewormed heifers had fewer counts each month thereafter. The drylot average daily gain of the treated heifers was higher (P = 0.01) and less variable (P = 0.12) and by 29 May these animals were heavier by 11.7 kg (P = 0.10). The treated animals did not gain as fast on pasture (P = 0.20), but the gain continued to be less variable (P = 0.09). Age at puberty was not different. Number of open heifers in the treated group was 4 vs. 15% for the control group (P = 0.18). Deworming by intraruminal injection resulted in faster feedlot gains, more uniform gains during both drylot and pasture, reduced parasites and no abscess at injection sites. Key words: Anthelmintics, oxfendazole, cattle, heifers

Breeding Australian crossbred ewes with Arabian fat-tailed rams for intensive lamb production

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
RC Malik ◽  
MA Razzaque ◽  
S Abbas ◽  
T Al-Mutawa ◽  
N Al-Khozam
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Daily Gain

The reproductive performance under intensive management of Border Leicester x Merino (BLM), Dorset x Merino (DM), and Suffolk x Merino (SM) ewes imported from Australia, and local fat-tailed Naeemi (N) ewes mated to N rams was studied. Progeny performance for birth and weaning weights, average daily gain (ADG) and preweaning survival was also evaluated. BLM ewes showed the highest reproductive performance. They produced and weaned (at 8 weeks) significantly more lambs (P<0.05) than any of the other ewe genotypes. The reproductive performance of the BLM, N, DM and SM ewes, mated twice, 8 months apart, was 127, 85, 91 and 85 respectively for percentage of lambs born to ewes joined, 109, 72, 77 and 70 respectively for percentage of lambs weaned to ewes joined, and 17.8, 13.5, 12.1 and 11.6 kg respectively of lamb weaned per ewe joined over the period of 13 months from the first joining until last lambs weaned. The effect of season on ewe reproduction was significant. Birth weight was not influenced by genotype or season but did change significantly with litter size. Genetic group, litter size, season of birth and birth weight were significant sources of variation in the ADG and weaning weight of the lamb. N x BLM lambs were weaned at significantly heavier weights than lambs of the remaining 3 groups. Season of birth and birth weight also significantly affected preweaning lamb survival. About 86% of the lambs born alive were weaned with little difference between genetic groups in survival rates.

The effect of zeranol implants on growth and pregnancy loss in beef heifers

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. King ◽  
R. N. Kirkwood ◽  
C. L. Guenther ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
G. A. Bo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fetal Mortality ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Calf Survival ◽  
Daily Gain

Live weight, average daily gain (ADG) and reproductive performance were compared between heifers implanted with zeranol at birth, 100 and 200 d of age (n = 54) and those not implanted (n = 50). Zeranol implantation resulted in increased (P < 0.05) ADG from birth to weaning, weaning weight, ADG from weaning to breeding, breeding weight and calving weight but did not affect (P > 0.05) calf birth weights, incidence of dystocia, calf survival or gestation lengths. Zeranol implants did not affect (P > 0.05) the incidence or magnitude of the pre-ovulatory LH surge or the number of heifers that ovulated between 48 and 168 h after cloprostenol injection. Pregnancy rate 42 d after bull entry did not differ between the two groups (P > 0.10), tended toward a difference at 72 d (P < 0.10), and was different at 133 d (P < 0.05), with implanted heifers having a lower pregnancy rate than non-implanted heifers. Between day 72 and day 133 after bull entry there was a 10% embryonic or fetal mortality rate in zeranol-implanted heifers, which differed from the 0% loss in non-implanted heifers (P < 0.05). We conclude that serial implants of zeranol from birth reduced the pregnancy rate in heifers and that this effect was due to early fetal loss. Key words: Zeranol, embryonic/fetal mortality, bovine, pregnancy rate, ultrasonography

scholarly journals Nutrient Yield of Brown Hemp and Its Utilization as Protein Source in Concentrate on Brahman×Thai-Native Cattle Performances

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supreena Srisaikham ◽  
◽  
Pipat Lounglawan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Yield ◽  
Native Cattle ◽  
Daily Gain

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of cutting ages and height on the nutrient composition and yield of brown hemp (BH) in concentrate diets on Brahman×Thai-Native cattle performances. The first experiment was to determine the effects of cutting ages (30, 40 and 50 days) and height (30, 40 and 50 cm) on the nutrient composition and yield of BH. The experiment was a 3×3 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design. This study clearly showed that cutting ages at 50 days had a greater effect on the nutrient composition and yield than at 30 and 40 days, but the cutting heights did not reveal any significant differences in yield. However, the BH cutting for animal feed before plowing, besides improving the soil for green manure, also benefited feed resources. The second experiment was to study the effects of BH meal (BHM) in concentrate on Brahman×Thai-Native cattle performances. Twelve cattle, averaging 252 ± 18 kg body weight and at ages of 16-18 months were stratified randomly and assigned to one of the three feeding treatments. Cattle were fed BHM in different ratios: the treatments were 0, 10, and 20% of BHM, respectively. There were no significant differences in the dry matter intake among the treatments of 0, 10 and 20% of BHM in concentrate rations. For average daily gain, the minimum response observed was a significant difference at the highest level of 20% of BHM. Therefore, 10% of BHM can be used in the concentrate rations for beef cattle.

Effect of hormonal growth promotant implants in weaner and hogget ewes on subsequent growth and reproductive performance

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
G. Bortolussi ◽  
A. R. Bird ◽  
C. L. Playford ◽  
J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
North West ◽  
Daily Gain

Ninety young Merino ewes, depastured on Mitchell (Astrebla spp.) grass pastures in North West Queensland, were used in a hormonal growth promotant implantation study. The ewes were given 1 implant of Compudose, Ralgro, Revalor or Synovex-H, either at lamb marking (mid-dry season) or the start of the following summer wet season, which was ~180 days post-marking. The hormonal growth promotant implanted groups had greater (P<0.05) liveweights than the control group early in the trial (days 22 and 57) and also from the end of the period of activity of the wet season implant (day 277) until the middle of the dry season (day 412). Dry season (at lamb marking) implantation did not improve average daily gain. From the end of the wet season onwards, ewes with a wet season implant were heavier (P<0.05) than those ewes implanted at lamb marking. This liveweight advantage had diminished by the start of the autumn mating. Hormonal growth promotant implantation had a favourable (P<0.05) effect on growth rate, but adversely affected reproduction in the ewes, regardless of time of implantation. Implantation with Compudose or Synovex-H significantly (P<0.001) reduced the demonstration of oestrus, while Revalor or Synovex-H reduced pregnancy rates by up to 100%. Despite Ralgro reducing these variables by up to 25%, its effect was not significant. All ewes that were diagnosed as pregnant at 140 days later produced lambs. It was concluded from this study that hormonal growth promotant implantation at lamb marking provides no later-life advantage, while wet season implantation provides a growth or liveweight advantage to young Merino ewes and this persists for a long period after implantation. Despite the lack of an effect of Ralgro on oestrus and pregnancy results, however, implantation of young breeding ewes of any age should not be carried out, due to the long term and negative effects on reproductive performance. Wet season implantation may be best used for animals intended for slaughter.

Effect of the mycotoxins, nivalenol and zearalenone, in maize naturally infected with Fusarium graminearum on the performance of growing and pregnant pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Williams ◽  
BJ Blaney
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
White Cell ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Daily Gain

Maize naturally infected with Fusarium graminearum and containing 11.5 mg nivalenol (NIV) kg-1 and 3 mg zearalenone (ZEA) kg-1 was fed to grower and pregnant pigs in five experiments. Inclusions of infected maize at 500 and 750 g kg-1 in diets for grower pigs caused a deterioration of all performance traits in a 14 day experiment: voluntary feed intake (VFI) from 2-17 kg day-1 (control) to 1.45 and 1.09 kg day-1; average daily gain (ADG) from 0.79 kg day-' (control) to 0.50 and 0.45 kg dayV1; and feed conversion ratio (FCR) from 2.45 (control) to 3.49 and 3.23 respectively. In a paired-feeding experiment of 8 weeks duration, the VFI, ADG and FCR of grower pigs progressively worsened with increasing infected maize content. However, when pigs were fed a nutritionally similar control diet at intakes matched to those achieved by pigs given the mycotoxin-containing diets, their ADG and FCR were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The nutrient similarity of these diets was confirmed in an independent metabolism study measuring apparent digestibility and nitrogen retention. Feeding pigs with infected maize caused a marked and dose dependent depression (P < 0.05) in white cell and neutrophil counts. In two studies with sows, a comparison was made between a control diet and one containing 600 g kg-1 infected maize when each diet was formulated to the same nutrient content and sows fed at 2 kg day-1. In one study, diets were offered from when pregnancy was confirmed at 30 days post-mating until slaughter approximately 35 days later. In the second study, the diets were offered either from day of mating or from 30 day post-mating with all sows being slaughtered approximately 35 days later. In both studies, the infected maize diet had no adverse effect on the conception rate nor on the number and weight of foeti at slaughter compared to controls. In the second study, total white cell and lymphocyte counts were lower (P < 0.05) in sows fed the infected maize diet.

REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF PREPUBERTAL DAIRY HEIFERS ON LOW OR HIGH β-CAROTENE DIETS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-489
Author(s):  
F. R. TEKPETEY ◽  
W. M. PALMER ◽  
J. R. INGALLS
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Estradiol 17Β ◽  
Β Carotene

Twenty 5-mo-old heifers were assigned randomly to either a no-carotene or a carotene-supplemented grain ration (2–2.5 kg head−1 d−1) for a 10-mo trial to investigate the effect of β-carotene deficiency on pre and postpuberal reproductive performance. All heifers received, ad libitum, a low-carotene basal forage of corn silage, weathered hay and/or straw. Mean serum β-carotene and vitamin A were higher (P < 0.05) in the carotene-supplemented heifers. Beta-carotene supplementation improved (P < 0.05) overall average daily gain, but had no effect on mean age and body weight at puberty, estrous cycle length and services per conception. Mean serum concentrations of progesterone (P4) estradiol-17β, LH and FSH from prepuberty to day 17 of the first estrous cycle were not affected by β-carotene supplementation. Total P4 output during the estrous cycle did not differ between control and β-carotene-supplemented heifers. However, intensity of estrus was weaker (P < 0.01) and interval (h) from LH peak to ovulation was longer (P < 0.01) in the control (low-carotene) heifers. Key words: β-carotene, vitamin A, reproductive performance, prepubertal dairy heifers

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document