scholarly journals The use of orthopaedic shoes in patients with diabetes at high risk of foot amputation and Charcot arthropathy

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Gennagyevna Demina ◽  
Vadim Borisovich Bregovskiy ◽  
Irina Albertovna Karpova
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Foot Deformities ◽  
Charcot Arthropathy ◽  
Significant Parameter ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference

Aim. To evaluate the use of orthopaedic shoes in patients with diabetes with foot ulcers and/or previous minor amputations or Charcot arthropathy (CA) and factors influencing this use.Patients and methods. One hundred twenty-one patients with diabetes (55 men and 66 women; 36 in the inactive stage of CA) were included. A questionnaire based on footwear was used to evaluate patients’ compliance. Daily activity and the severity of the foot deformities were recorded. Further, foot geometry and forefoot and midfoot circumferences were measured.Results. Fifty-eight patients did not use orthopaedic shoes. Users and non-users did not differ in terms of gender and type of diabetes. The causes of refusal included ill-fitting shoes (56%), ugly appearance (11%), traumatisation with shoes (11%), inability to walk (5%) and other causes (17%). The percentages of patients in each category of deformity severity were mild (41.2%), moderate (37%) and severe (54%. Frequency of refusal of CA vs non-CA patients: 72.2% and 43.5%; with severe deformities,70.8% vs 34%; with moderate deformities, 83.3% vs 57.2% (p 0.05 for all). In patients with CA, the only significant parameter was the difference in the circumference of the midfoot between the affected and non-affected foot; in CA users and non-users, this parameter was 1.93 ± 1.25 vs 0.70 ± 0.83 cm, respectively (р = 0.01).Conclusions. The high frequency of refusing to wear orthopaedic shoes is related to severe foot deformities and the inability to accommodate them in off-the-shelf footwear. Most of the patients used orthopaedic shoes for outdoor use, but the frequency of use was low. Shoe compliance did not depend on gender but increased with ageing, low levels of daily activity and in patients with severe deformities. Patients with CA are characterised with extremely low compliance. In this group, foot parameters and other objective parameters did not rely on footwear compliance.

Comparison of In-the-Ear and Over-the-Ear Hearing Aid Fittings

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Risberg ◽  
Robyn M. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Hearing Aid Fitting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Functional Gain ◽  
The Relationship

A custom in-the-ear (ITE) hearing aid fitting was compared to two over-the-ear (OTE) hearing aid fittings for each of 9 subjects with mild to moderately severe hearing losses. Speech intelligibility via the three instruments was compared using the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) test. The relationship between functional gain and coupler gain was compared for the ITE and the higher rated OTE instruments. The difference in input received at the microphone locations of the two types of hearing aids was measured for 10 different subjects and compared to the functional gain data. It was concluded that (a) for persons with mild to moderately severe hearing losses, appropriately adjusted custom ITE fittings typically yield speech intelligibility that is equal to the better OTE fitting identified in a comparative evaluation; and (b) gain prescriptions for ITE hearing aids should be adjusted to account for the high-frequency emphasis associated with in-the-concha microphone placement.

Adjectives and their keyness: a corpus-based analysis of tourism discourse in English

Corpora ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Durán-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Domain Specific ◽  
Adventure Tourism ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Relevant Reference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Do So

This paper attempts to shed some light on the importance of adjectives in the linguistic characterisation of tourism discourse in English in general and in adventure tourism in particular as well as to prove how significant the difference in usage is compared to the general language. It seeks to understand the role that adjectives play in this specific subdomain and to contribute to the linguistic characterisation of tourism discourse in this respect. It also aims to confirm or reject previous assumptions regarding the use, and frequency of use, of adjectives and adjectival patterns in this specialised domain and, in general, to promote the study of adjectivisation in domain-specific discourses. To do so, it proposes a corpus-based study that measures the keyness of adjectives in promotional texts of the adventure tourism domain in English by comparing their usage in the compiled corpus to the two most relevant reference corpora of English (coca and the bnc).

Evaluation of Salivary Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Fathi ◽  
Shiva Borzouei ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi ◽  
Jalal Poorolajal ◽  
Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a progressive metabolic disorder. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between antioxidant and oxidative stress markers in the saliva of patients with type 2 DM and a healthy control group. Methods: In this study, 20 patients with diabetes and 20 healthy individuals were evaluated. Salivary antioxidants markers consisted of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), uric acid (UA), peroxidase and catalase. Oxidative stress markers included total oxidant status (TOS), malondealdehyde (MDA) and total thiol (SH). Sialochemical analysis was performed with spectrophotometric assay. All the statistical analyses were conducted using STATA software. Results: TAC decreased significantly in patients with diabetes. Although salivary UA and peroxidase were lower in patients with diabetes compared to the control group, the difference was not significant. Salivary catalase in patients with diabetes was significantly lower than that in the control group. MDA and TOS exhibited significantly higher levels in type 2 DM. SH levels were slightly higher in DM. Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, there were some changes in the salivary levels of some antioxidants and oxidative stress markers in patients with type 2 DM and could be measured as an indicator of serum changes..

scholarly journals Foot function and strength of patients with diabetes grouped by ulcer risk classification (IWGDF)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane S. S. P. Ferreira ◽  
João P. Panighel ◽  
Érica Q. Silva ◽  
Renan L. Monteiro ◽  
Ronaldo H. Cruvinel Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Foot Deformities ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Foot Pain ◽  
Foot Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Foot Function ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Stratification System

Abstract Background The stratification system from the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) was used to classify the participants as to the ulcer risk. However, it is not yet known what the classification groups’ individual deficits are regarding sensitivity, function, and musculoskeletal properties and mechanics. This makes it difficult to design proper ulcer prevention strategies for patients. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the foot function, foot strength and health of people with diabetes mellitus (DM)—with or without DPN—while considering the different ulcer risk classifications determined by the IWGDF. Methods The subject pool comprised 72 people with DM, with and without DPN. The patients were divided into three groups: Group 0 (G0), which comprised diabetic patients without DPN; Group 1 (G1), which comprised patients with DPN; and Group 2 (G2), which comprised patients with DPN who had foot deformities. The health and foot function of the subjects’ feet were assessed using a foot health status questionnaire (FHSQ-BR) that investigated four domains: foot pain, foot function, footwear, and general foot health. The patients’ foot strength was evaluated using the maximum force under each subject’s hallux and toes on a pressure platform (emed q-100, Novel, Munich, Germany). Results Moderate differences were found between G0 and G1 and G2 for the foot pain, foot function, general foot health, and footwear. There was also a small but significant difference between G0 and G2 in regards to hallux strength. Conclusion Foot health, foot function and strength levels of people with DM and DPN classified by the ulcer risk are different and this must be taken into account when evaluating and developing treatment strategies for these patients.

scholarly journals Hyperfine structure in the arc spectrum of cæsium and nuclear rotation

1928 ◽  
Vol 121 (787) ◽  
pp. 432-447 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperfine Structure ◽  
Nuclear Spin ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Principal Series ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Nuclear Rotation ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mechanical Moment ◽  
Very High

The arc spectrum of cæsium was investigated with the object of finding whether any of its lines possessed hyperfine structure, resulting from a nuclear magnetic moment, due to a quantised nuclear spin. The lines belonging to the principal series should, owing to the greater degree of penetration of the electron in the (1 s or 6 1 ) orbit, and the correspondingly greater interaction, show the greatest effect. The lines of the principal series are very easily broadened if the vapour pressure of the metal becomes high, so that great care had to be used in obtaining the spectrum of cæsium at a sufficiently low temperature. The most satisfactory method of excitation was found to be the application by means of external electrodes of a very high frequency alternating current to a tube filled with helium at about 2 mm. pressure containing a small quantity of cæsium. The tube required slight heating to bring out the cæsium lines; without this the helium spectrum was very much stronger than the metallic spectrum. At a very low vapour pressures of cæsium the discharge was blue in colour. Under these conditions the lines of the principal series showed no broadening greater than that due to thermal agitation, but at a slightly higher temperature the colour of the discharge became purple and the lines broadened. The lines belonging to the principal series were found to be very close doublets with very nearly constant frequencies differences. A theory is worked out which explains the origin of these doublets, assuming a nuclear spin of one half quantum; by correlating the difference in the separation of the hyperfine structure doublets in the 1 s — m 2 p 3/2 lines and the 1 s — m 2 p 1/2 lines, it is shown that a ratio of the magnetic to the mechanical moment of the nucleus about twice as great as the corresponding ratio for the electron would account for the observed frequency differences. The spectral notation used throughout is that of Hund. The results are compared with those found for the hyperfine structure of some of the bismuth lines by Back and Goudsmid, and are found to be in satisfactory agreement. A selection principle is found which applies both to the bismuth and the cæsium spectrum.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the quality of life of young patients with diabetes

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki MATZIOU ◽  
Konstantinos TSOUMAKAS ◽  
Efrosyni VLAHIOTI ◽  
Leukothea CHRYSICOPOULOU ◽  
Petros GALANIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

High-frequency seismic noise as a function of depth

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1114
Author(s):  
Jerry A. Carter ◽  
Noel Barstow ◽  
Paul W. Pomeroy ◽  
Eric P. Chael ◽  
Patrick J. Leahy
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Seismic Noise ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Orthogonal Components ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Frequency Coherence ◽  
Cultural Noise ◽  
Natural Wind

Abstract Evidence is presented supporting the view that high-frequency seismic noise decreases with increased depth. Noise amplitudes are higher near the free surface where surface-wave noise, cultural noise, and natural (wind-induced) noise predominate. Data were gathered at a hard-rock site in the northwestern Adirondack lowlands of northern New York. Between 15- and 40-Hz noise levels at this site are more than 10 dB less at 945-m depth than they are at the surface, and from 40 to 100 Hz the difference is more than 20 dB. In addition, time variability of the spectra is shown to be greater at the surface than at either 335- or 945-m depths. Part of the difference between the surface and subsurface noise variability may be related to wind-induced noise. Coherency measurements between orthogonal components of motion show high-frequency seismic noise is more highly organized at the surface than it is at depth. Coherency measurements between the same component of motion at different vertical offsets show a strong low-frequency coherence at least up to 945-m vertical offsets. As the vertical offset decreases, the frequency band of high coherence increases.

INHERITED FACTOR-VII DEFECT IN A NEGRO FAMILY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-213
Author(s):  
Helen I. Glueck ◽  
James M. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Homozygous State ◽  
Control Value ◽  
One Stage ◽  
First Case ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

A case of factor-VII deficiency of a congenital nature in a Negro male child has been reported. As far as can be determined, this is the first case reported in this race. The defect was detected at 6 hours of age. Prothrombin, as contrasted to factor VII, after initially low levels normally found in infants, rose to adult levels. The patient's one-stage prothrombin time has ranged between 25 to 35 second (normal 11 to 12 seconds). In spite of this, he has never shown any manifestations of hemorrhage. The patient's family was studied and the findings indicate that the patient's defect represented a homozygous state and that both parents with a less severe deficiency were heterozygous for the trait. The defect is an autosomal disorder directly inherited. It is clinically apparent and easily detected only in the homozygous state. The heterozygous state is characterized by a very slight prolongation of the one-stage prothrombin time, the difference from the control value being so minimal as to be overlooked. In one subject studied, an aunt of the propositus, the quantitative defect (42% of normal) could not be regularly detected by the usual methods. Only by using the plasma of the propositus as the test plasma, was the defect in her plasma detected, thus explaining the transmission of the trait to her offspring. These findings explain the difficulties previously encountered in understanding the inheritance of the disorder.

Perceptions of Game-Based Learning of Accounting among Gen Z Undergraduates

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-733
Author(s):  
Hazianti Abdul Halim Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Game Based Learning ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceived effectiveness of game-based learning methods for Generation Z undergraduates. This research aims to determine the perceptions of accounting students undertaking a financial accounting course and subsequently examine the factors influencing the effectiveness of game-based learning of accounting course. A questionnaire is used to measure the perception of game-based learning after the students completed the game-based learning method. Based on the analysis, we find that majority of the students perceived game-based learning as an effective method of instruction.They agree that game-based learning motivates them to do better and at the same time encourages critical thinking and teamwork. We also find that factors such as gender and number of times taking the course are not statistically significant in explaining the difference in the perception. Besides, we also find that there is a significant relationship between perception and examination scores of the students. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for educators, especially on the learner’s learning perception and factors influencing the effectiveness of game-based learning.

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